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الولاية القضائية خارج الحدود الإقليمية (بالإنجليزية:Extraterritorial jurisdiction واختصارًا: ETJ) هي الصلاحية القانونية للحكومة لممارسة السلطة خارج حدودها الطبيعية. يمكن لأي سلطة أن تطالب بولاية قضائية على أي منطقة خارجية ترغب بها. ومع ذلك، لكي تكون الأحَقّيّة سارية المفعول في الإقليم الخارجي (باستثناء ممارسة القوة)، يجب الاتفاق عليها إما مع السلطة القانونية في الإقليم الخارجي، أو مع سلطة قانونية تغطي كلا الإقليمين. في حال عدم كفاءة السلطة الأخرى، يشير مصطلح (إي تي جي ETJ) عادةً إلى الولاية القضائية المتفق عليها، أو يطلق عليها اسم «الولاية القضائية المزعومة خارج الحدود الإقليمية». قد تشير هذه العبارة أيضًا إلى القوانين الخاصة ببلد ما المتجاوزة لحدوده، بمعنى أنها قد تخوِّل محاكم ذلك البلد بتطبيق الولاية القضائية على الأطراف الماثلين أمامها فيما يتعلق بالأفعال التي يُزعم أنهم متورطين فيها خارج ذلك البلد. لا يتوقف هذا على تعاون البلدان الأخرى، إذ أن الأشخاص المتأثرين هم داخل البلد المعني (أو على الأقل، ضمن قضية تشمل شخصًا يُحاكم غيابياً، فتنظر المحكمة في ذلك البلد بأمور القضية) . على سبيل المثال، تمتلك العديد من الدول قوانين تمنح محاكمها الجنائية ولاية قضائية لمحاكمة مرتكبي جرائم القرصنة والجرائم الجنسية ضد الأطفال وجرائم الكمبيوتر و/أو الإرهاب المرتكب خارج حدودها الوطنية. في بعض الأحيان لا تسري هذه القوانين إلا على مواطني ذلك البلد، وأحيانًا تُطبَّق على أي شخص. (ar) Extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) is the legal ability of a government to exercise authority beyond its normal boundaries. Any authority can claim ETJ over any external territory they wish. However, for the claim to be effective in the external territory (except by the exercise of force), it must be agreed either with the legal authority in the external territory, or with a legal authority that covers both territories. When unqualified, ETJ usually refers to such an agreed jurisdiction, or it will be called something like "claimed ETJ". The phrase may also refer to a country's laws extending beyond its boundaries in the sense that they may authorise the courts of that country to enforce their jurisdiction against parties appearing before them in with respect to acts they allegedly engaged in outside that country. This does not depend on the co-operation of other countries, since the affected people are within the relevant country (or at least, in a case involving a person being tried in absentia, the case is being heard by a court of that country). For example, many countries have laws which give their criminal courts jurisdiction to try prosecutions for piracy, sexual offences against children, computer crimes and/or terrorism committed outside their national boundaries. Sometimes such laws only apply to nationals of that country, and sometimes they may apply to anyone. (en) La juridiction extraterritoriale (JET) est la compétence légale d'un gouvernement pour exercer son autorité au-delà de ses frontières normales. Toute autorité peut se prévaloir d'une JET sur le territoire extérieur de son choix. Néanmoins, cette revendication n'entre en vigueur que si l'autorité du territoire extérieur reconnaît elle aussi cette compétence, ou si une autorité qui réglemente les deux territoires reconnaît cette compétence. Cette expression renvoie aussi aux lois d'un pays quand leur portée dépasse ses frontières, au sens où la législation permet aux tribunaux d'un pays d'exercer leur compétence contre des parties qui comparaissent pour des actes commis à l'étranger. En ce sens, la compétence ne dépend pas de la coopération avec des pays tiers, puisque les parties concernées se trouvent dans le pays ou peuvent être jugées par contumace. Ainsi, de nombreux pays sont dotés de lois qui confèrent aux tribunaux la compétence de juger des actes de piraterie, des crimes sexuels contre des enfants, des cybercrimes et/ou des actes terroristes commis hors des frontières nationales. La possibilité de traduire en justice ces infractions peut concerner soit les seuls ressortissants du pays, ou bien n'importe quelle personne. (fr) 국외관할권은 법이나 기구의 적용범위가 그 영토를 벗어난 것이다. 국가가 아닌 행정구역 등에 있어서는 치외관할권이라는 말도 사용된다. (ko) |
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국외관할권은 법이나 기구의 적용범위가 그 영토를 벗어난 것이다. 국가가 아닌 행정구역 등에 있어서는 치외관할권이라는 말도 사용된다. (ko) الولاية القضائية خارج الحدود الإقليمية (بالإنجليزية:Extraterritorial jurisdiction واختصارًا: ETJ) هي الصلاحية القانونية للحكومة لممارسة السلطة خارج حدودها الطبيعية. يمكن لأي سلطة أن تطالب بولاية قضائية على أي منطقة خارجية ترغب بها. ومع ذلك، لكي تكون الأحَقّيّة سارية المفعول في الإقليم الخارجي (باستثناء ممارسة القوة)، يجب الاتفاق عليها إما مع السلطة القانونية في الإقليم الخارجي، أو مع سلطة قانونية تغطي كلا الإقليمين. في حال عدم كفاءة السلطة الأخرى، يشير مصطلح (إي تي جي ETJ) عادةً إلى الولاية القضائية المتفق عليها، أو يطلق عليها اسم «الولاية القضائية المزعومة خارج الحدود الإقليمية». (ar) Extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) is the legal ability of a government to exercise authority beyond its normal boundaries. Any authority can claim ETJ over any external territory they wish. However, for the claim to be effective in the external territory (except by the exercise of force), it must be agreed either with the legal authority in the external territory, or with a legal authority that covers both territories. When unqualified, ETJ usually refers to such an agreed jurisdiction, or it will be called something like "claimed ETJ". (en) La juridiction extraterritoriale (JET) est la compétence légale d'un gouvernement pour exercer son autorité au-delà de ses frontières normales. Toute autorité peut se prévaloir d'une JET sur le territoire extérieur de son choix. Néanmoins, cette revendication n'entre en vigueur que si l'autorité du territoire extérieur reconnaît elle aussi cette compétence, ou si une autorité qui réglemente les deux territoires reconnaît cette compétence. (fr) |
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Extraterritorial jurisdiction (en) ولاية قضائية خارج الحدود الإقليمية (ar) Juridiction extraterritoriale (fr) 국외관할권 (ko) |
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