George Shultz (original) (raw)
George P. Shultz (anglès: George Pratt Shultz) (Nova York, 13 de desembre de 1920 - Stanford, 6 de febrer de 2021) fou un economista, empresari i polític nord-americà. Va ser Secretari del Treball entre 1969 i 1970, Secretari del Tresor entre 1972 i 1974 i Secretari d'Estat entre 1982 i 1989. Abans de l'entrada en política fou professor d'economia al Massachusetts Institute of Technology i a la Universitat de Chicago, en aquesta darrera va ser el degà de la Facultat d'Economia entre 1962 i 1969. Entre 1974 i 1982 fou un executiu a Bechtel. Va formar part de la Hoover Institution de la Universitat de Stanford.
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| dbo:abstract | جورج برات شولتز (بالإنجليزية: George Pratt Shultz) (13 ديسمبر 1920 - 6 فبراير 2021) هو اقتصادي ورجل دولة ورجل أعمال أمريكي. عمل في مناصب مختلفة في إدارات ثلاثة رؤساء جمهوريين مختلفين. وهو أحد اثنين، إلى جانب إليوت ريتشاردسون، عملا في أربعة مجالس وزارية مختلفة. ولد شولتز في مدينة نيويورك، وتخرج من جامعة برينستون قبل أن يخدم في البحرية خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. وبعد الحرب، حصل شولتز على درجة الدكتوراه في الاقتصاد الصناعي من معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا (MIT). وكان يدرس في هذا المعهد في الفترة من 1948 إلى 1957، مع إجازة غياب ليأخذ مكانه بين مجلس المستشارين الاقتصاديين للرئيس دوايت آيزنهاور. وبعدها أصبح عميد كلية الدراسات العليا في إدارة الأعمال بجامعة شيكاغو، ثم قبل تعيين الرئيس ريتشارد نيكسون له لمنصب وزير العمل. وفي هذا المنصب، فرض خطة فيلادلفيا على مقاولي البناء الذين رفضوا توظيف السود، ما مثل أول استخدام للحصص العرقية من قبل الحكومة الاتحادية. وفي عام 1970، أصبح أول مدير لمكتب الإدارة والميزانية، وبقي في هذا المنصب حتى تعيينه كوزير للخزانة في عام 1972. دعم شولتز سياسة «صدمة نيكسون» التي سعت لإحياء الاقتصاد الضعيف بشكل جزئي عن طريق إلغاء معيار الذهب. وشهد أيضا نهاية نظام بريتون وودز. غادر شولتز إدارة نيكسون في عام 1974 ليصبح عضوا تنفيذيا في منظمة بكتل. وبعد أن أصبح رئيسا ومديرا لتلك الشركة، قبل عرض الرئيس رونالد ريغان ليكون وزير الخارجية. وشغل هذا المنصب في الفترة من 1982 إلى 1989. دفع شولتز ريغان لإقامة علاقات مع الزعيم السوفياتي ميخائيل غورباتشوف، فساهم هذا بإذابة الجليد في العلاقات بين الولايات المتحدة والاتحاد السوفيتي. وعارض تقديم المعونة الأمريكية إلى الثوار الساندينيين وهو ما قاد إلى قضية إيران - كونترا. تقاعد شولتز من المناصب العامة في عام 1989 لكنه ظل نشطا في عالم الأعمال والسياسة. وكان المستشار غير الرسمي للرئيس جورج دبليو بوش وساعد في صياغة مبدأ بوش عن الحرب الاستباقية. وعمل في اللجنة العالمية للسياسات المتعلقة بالمخدرات، ومجلس الانتعاش الاقتصادي في إدارة حاكم كاليفورنيا أرنولد شوارزنيغر، ومجالس بكتل ومؤسسة تشارلز شواب. وهو عضو في مؤسسة هوفر، ومعهد الاقتصاد الدولي، ومعهد واشنطن لسياسة الشرق الأدنى، ومجموعات أخرى. حاليا فإن شولتز هو أكبر أعضاء المجالس الوزارية السابقين في الولايات المتحدة سنا، وذلك منذ وفاة وليام تداوس كولمان، الابن. (ar) George P. Shultz (anglès: George Pratt Shultz) (Nova York, 13 de desembre de 1920 - Stanford, 6 de febrer de 2021) fou un economista, empresari i polític nord-americà. Va ser Secretari del Treball entre 1969 i 1970, Secretari del Tresor entre 1972 i 1974 i Secretari d'Estat entre 1982 i 1989. Abans de l'entrada en política fou professor d'economia al Massachusetts Institute of Technology i a la Universitat de Chicago, en aquesta darrera va ser el degà de la Facultat d'Economia entre 1962 i 1969. Entre 1974 i 1982 fou un executiu a Bechtel. Va formar part de la Hoover Institution de la Universitat de Stanford. (ca) George Pratt Shultz (13. prosince 1920 New York – 6. února 2021 Stanford) byl americký ekonom, diplomat, politik a podnikatel. Působil ve funkci ministra práce (1969–1970), ředitele úřadu OMB (1970–1972) a (1970–1974) v administrativě Richarda Nixonna, pod prezidentem Ronaldem Reaganem sloužil coby ministr zahraničí (1982–1989). Spolu s patří k politikům, kteří byli součástí čtyř vlád. Před vstupem do politiky byl profesor přednášející ekonomiku na MIT a Chicagské univerzitě. V roce 2013 obdržel pamětní stříbrnou medaili Jana Masaryka jako uznání za svou roli při ukončení studené války. (cs) Ο Τζορτζ Πρατ Σουλτς (George Pratt Shultz, 13 Δεκεμβρίου 1920 - 6 Φεβρουαρίου 2021), ήταν Αμερικανός οικονομολόγος, πολιτικός και επιχειρηματίας, ο οποίος υπηρέτησε ως υπουργός Εξωτερικών των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (1982-1989) επί προεδρίας Ρ. Ρήγκαν. Υπηρέτησε επίσης, ως 62ος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (1972-74), ως Επικεφαλής του Γραφείου Διαχείρισης και Προϋπολογισμού του Λευκού Οίκου (1970-1972) καθώς και ως 11ος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (1969-1970). Ήταν μέλος του Ρεπουμπλικανικού Κόμματος. Υπηρέτησε σε διάφορες θέσεις επί προεδρίας τριών διαφορετικών Ρεπουμπλικανών προέδρων (Νίξον, Φορντ, Ρήγκαν). Είναι ένα από τα μόνο δύο πρόσωπα που διετέλεσαν σε 4 διαφορετικά υπουργεία. Ο Σουλτς διαδραμάτισε σημαντικό ρόλο στη χάραξη της εξωτερικής πολιτικής της προεδρίας του Ρόναλντ Ρήγκαν. (el) George Pratt Shultz (* 13. Dezember 1920 in New York City; † 6. Februar 2021 in Stanford, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker der Republikanischen Partei. Von 1969 bis 1970 war er Arbeitsminister und von 1972 bis 1974 Finanzminister in der Regierung von Präsident Richard Nixon sowie von 1982 bis 1989 Außenminister in der Regierung von Präsident Ronald Reagan. (de) George Pratt Shultz (/ʃʊlts/; December 13, 1920 – February 6, 2021) was an American economist, businessman, diplomat and statesman. He served in various positions under three different Republican presidents and is one of the only two persons to have held four different Cabinet-level posts, the other being Elliot Richardson. Shultz had played a major role in shaping the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration. From 1974 to 1982, he was an executive of the Bechtel Group, an engineering and services company. Born in New York City, he graduated from Princeton University before serving in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. After the war, Shultz earned a PhD in industrial economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He taught at MIT from 1948 to 1957, taking a leave of absence in 1955 to take a position on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers. After serving as dean of the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, he accepted President Richard Nixon's appointment as United States Secretary of Labor. In that position, he imposed the Philadelphia Plan on construction contractors who refused to accept black members, marking the first use of racial quotas by the federal government. In 1970, he became the first director of the Office of Management and Budget, and he served in that position until his appointment as United States Secretary of the Treasury in 1972. In that role, Shultz supported the Nixon shock, which sought to revive the ailing economy in part by abolishing the gold standard, and presided over the end of the Bretton Woods system. Shultz left the Nixon administration in 1974 to become an executive at Bechtel. After becoming president and director of that company, he accepted President Ronald Reagan's offer to serve as United States Secretary of State. He held that office from 1982 to 1989. Shultz pushed for Reagan to establish relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, which led to a thaw between the United States and the Soviet Union. He opposed the U.S. aid to Contras trying to overthrow the Sandinistas by using funds from an illegal sale of weapons to Iran. This aid led to the Iran–Contra affair. Shultz retired from public office in 1989 but remained active in business and politics. He served as an informal adviser to George W. Bush and helped formulate the Bush Doctrine of preemptive war. He served on the Global Commission on Drug Policy, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Economic Recovery Council, and on the boards of Bechtel and the Charles Schwab Corporation. Beginning in 2013, Shultz advocated for a revenue-neutral carbon tax as the most economically sound means of mitigating anthropogenic climate change. He was a member of the Hoover Institution, the Institute for International Economics, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, and other groups. He was also a prominent and hands-on board member of Theranos, which defrauded more than $700 million from its investors before it collapsed. His grandson Tyler Shultz worked at the company before becoming a whistleblower about the fraudulent technology. (en) George Pratt Shultz (New York, 1920ko abenduaren 13a - Stanford, Kalifornia, 2021eko otsailaren 6a) estatubatuar politikari, diplomazialari, ekonomista eta negozio-gizona izan zen. Princeton Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen eta Bigarren Mundu Gerran marineekin borrokatu zen. Gerratik itzuli ondoren, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-n ikasi eta irakatsi zuen. Unibertsitatea politikagatik utzi zuen eta lau kargu desberdin izan zituen gobernuan. Lan Idazkaria izan zen 1970etik 1971ra Richard Nixon presidentearekin, 1970etik 1972ra Aurrekontu Bulegoko Zuzendaria eta 1972tik 1974ra Ogasun Idazkaria izan zena Nixonekin ere bai. Ronald Reaganek 1982an izendatu zuen Estatu Idazkaria. Beraz, kanpo-politikaren arduraduna izan zen Reaganen agintaldian. Reagan konbentzitu zuen Mikhail Gorbatxovekin harremanak izateko eta urtzeko politika bultzatu zuen eta kontra nikaraguarrari laguntzearen aurka agertu zen. George W. Bush presidentearen aholkulari informala izan zen eta formulatzen lagundu zuen. (eu) George Pratt Shultz (Nueva York, 13 de diciembre de 1920–Stanford, 6 de febrero de 2021) fue un economista, empresario y político estadounidense. Se desempeñó como Secretario de Trabajo de los Estados Unidos desde 1969 hasta 1970, como Secretario del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos desde 1972 hasta 1974 y como Secretario de Estado del mismo país desde 1982 a 1989. (es) George Pratt Shultz, né le 13 décembre 1920 à New York et mort le 6 février 2021 à Standford, est un homme politique et homme d'affaires américain. Membre du Parti républicain, il est secrétaire au Travail entre 1969 et 1970 et secrétaire du Trésor entre 1972 et 1974 dans l'administration du président Richard Nixon puis secrétaire d'État entre 1982 et 1989 dans celle du président Ronald Reagan. Il est également directeur de Bechtel et a fait partie du conseil d'administration de Theranos. (fr) George Pratt Shultz (/ʃʊlts/; 13 Desember 1920 – 6 Februari 2021) adalah seorang ekonom, diplomat, dan pengusaha Amerika Serikat. Ia menjabat di berbagai posisi di bawah tiga presiden yang berbeda dan merupakan satu dari hanya dua orang yang memegang empat jabatan tingkat Kabinet yang berbeda. Shultz memainkan peran utama dalam membentuk . Dari tahun 1974 hingga 1982, ia adalah seorang eksekutif di Bechtel Group, sebuah perusahaan teknik dan jasa. Pada tahun 2010-an, Shultz adalah tokoh terkemuka dalam skandal perusahaan bioteknologi . Lahir di Kota New York, ia lulus dari Universitas Princeton sebelum bertugas di Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat selama Perang Dunia II. Setelah perang, Shultz meraih gelar Ph.D. di bidang ekonomi industri dari Institut Teknologi Massachusetts (MIT). Ia mengajar di MIT dari 1948 hingga 1957, mengambil cuti pada tahun 1955 untuk mengambil posisi di Presiden Dwight D. Eisenhower. Setelah bertugas sebagai dekan , ia menerima penunjukan Presiden Richard Nixon sebagai Menteri Tenaga Kerja Amerika Serikat. Dalam posisi itu, ia memberlakukan pada kontraktor konstruksi yang menolak untuk menerima anggota kulit hitam, menandai penggunaan pertama oleh pemerintah federal. Pada tahun 1970, ia menjadi direktur pertama , dan ia menjabat dalam posisi itu sampai pengangkatannya sebagai Menteri Keuangan Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1972. Dalam peran itu, Shultz mendukung guncangan Nixon (yang berusaha untuk menghidupkan kembali ekonomi yang sakit sebagian dengan menghapus standar emas) dan memimpin akhir sistem Bretton Woods. Shultz meninggalkan pemerintahan Nixon pada tahun 1974 untuk menjadi seorang eksekutif di Bechtel. Setelah menjadi presiden dan direktur perusahaan itu, ia menerima tawaran Presiden Ronald Reagan untuk menjabat sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat. Ia memegang jabatan itu dari tahun 1982 hingga 1989. Shultz mendorong Reagan untuk menjalin hubungan dengan pemimpin Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev, yang menyebabkan mencairnya hubungan antara Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet. Ia menentang bantuan AS untuk yang mencoba menggulingkan Sandinista menggunakan dana dari penjualan senjata ilegal ke Iran yang menyebabkan skandal Iran Contra. Shultz pensiun dari jabatan publik pada tahun 1989 tetapi tetap aktif dalam bisnis dan politik. Ia menjabat sebagai penasihat informal untuk George W. Bush dan membantu merumuskan . Ia bertugas di , Dewan Pemulihan Ekonomi Gubernur California Arnold Schwarzenegger, dan di dewan Bechtel dan . Mulai tahun 2013, Shultz menganjurkan pajak karbon pendapatan netral sebagai cara yang paling ekonomis untuk mengurangi perubahan iklim antropogenik. Ia adalah anggota dari , , , dan kelompok lainnya. Shultz meninggal dunia pada usia 100 tahun pada tanggal 6 Februari 2021 di rumahnya di Stanford, California. (in) George Pratt Shultz (New York, 13 dicembre 1920 – Stanford, 6 febbraio 2021) è stato un politico ed economista statunitense, ricoprendo varie posizioni sotto due diversi presidenti repubblicani. Ebbe un ruolo importante nel plasmare la politica estera dell'amministrazione Ronald Reagan. (it) ジョージ・プラット・シュルツ（英語: George Pratt Shultz、1920年12月13日 - 2021年2月6日）は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。1982年7月から1989年1月まで国務長官を務め、それ以前は労働長官、財務長官、行政管理予算局局長を歴任した。 (ja) 조지 프랫 슐츠(George Pratt Shultz, 1920년 12월 13일 ~ 2021년 2월 6일)는 미국의 교수, 사업가이며 공화당의 정치인이자, 60대 국무장관(1982년 ~ 1989년)이다. 또한 미국과 해외에서 정부, 경영과 노동 기구들의 고문을 지냈고, 노동 분쟁의 중재인으로서 공정한 역할을 수행했다. 1942년 프린스턴 대학교를 졸업하고 1949년 매사추세츠 공과대학에서 경제학 박사 학위를 취득하였다. 매사추세츠 공과 대학에서 1948년부터 1955년까지, 1956년부터 1957년까지 경제학을 강의하였다. 1957년에는 시카고 대학교에서 노사관계의 교수가 되었고, 1962년에는 경영 대학원의 원장을 지냈다. 닉슨 내각에서 1969년부터 1970년까지 노동부 장관으로 근무하다가, 1970년부터 1972년까지 행정 관리 예산국의 국장을 지냈다. 1972년부터 1974년까지 재무 장관 겸 경제 정책 위원회의 회장을 맡으면서, 정부의 경제 정책에 결정들을 조화시키는 성과를 얻는 데 책임을 지었다. 레이건 정부에 들어가기 전에 7년 동안 큰 국제적 토목 회사 베첼 그룹 주식회사(Betchel Group Inc.)의 사장으로 있었다. 1982년 알렉산더 헤이그가 국무 장관 직을 사임하자, 그의 뒤를 이어 국무 장관이 되었다. 1989년 내각을 떠나 다시 교수 생활을 하였다. (ko) George Pratt Shultz (New York, 13 december 1920 – Stanford, 6 februari 2021) was een Amerikaans econoom, hoogleraar, zakenman en politicus voor de Republikeinse Partij. Hij was minister van Arbeid in het kabinet-Nixon in 1969 en 1970, directeur van het Bureau voor Management en Budget van 1970 tot 1972, minister van Financiën in het kabinet-Nixon van 1972 tot 1974 en ten slotte minister van Buitenlandse Zaken in het kabinet-Reagan van 1982 tot 1989. Schultz was de strateeg achter het plan om de militaire sterkte van de Verenigde staten en de cohesie van de NAVO aan te tonen, maar tegelijkertijd gesprekken aan te knopen met de Sovjet-Unie over een kernwapenverdrag. Vertrouwen was voor hem het ‘wisselgeld van de wereld’, een eigenschap die hij ook apprecieerde in Ronald Reagan. (nl) George Pratt Shultz (ur. 13 grudnia 1920 w Nowym Jorku, zm. 6 lutego 2021 w Stanford) – amerykański polityk i dyplomata, od 22 stycznia 1969 do 1 lipca 1970 , a od 12 czerwca 1972 do 8 maja 1974 sekretarz skarbu, w administracji Richarda Nixona. Od 16 lipca 1982 do 20 stycznia 1989 sekretarz stanu USA w administracji Ronalda Reagana. (pl) George Pratt Shultz, född 13 december 1920 i New York, död 6 februari 2021 i Stanford i Kalifornien, var en amerikansk republikansk politiker. Han var USA:s arbetsminister 1969–1970, federal budgetdirektör 1970–1972, finansminister 1972–1974 och utrikesminister 1982–1989. Han avlade 1949 sin doktorsexamen i vid Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Han belönades 1989 med Frihetsmedaljen, Presidential Medal of Freedom. (sv) George Pratt Shultz (Nova Iorque, 13 de dezembro de 1920 – Stanford, 6 de fevereiro de 2021) foi um economista, empresário e político estadunidense. Serviu como Secretário do Trabalho dos Estados Unidos, de 1969 a 1970; depois, como diretor do Escritório de Administração e Orçamento, entre 1970 e 1972 e Secretário do Tesouro de 1972 a 1974 - todos os cargos exercidos durante a presidência de Richard Nixon. Ele também foi Secretário de Estado entre 1982 e 1989, sob o presidente Ronald Reagan. Antes de entrar na política, Shultz lutou na Segunda Guerra Mundial no Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais e foi professor de economia no Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts e na Universidade de Chicago, sendo nomeado decano da última, entre 1962 e 1969. Entre 1974 e 1982, foi um Shultz alto executivo da Bechtel Corporation, chegando a ser seu presidente. Nos anos 2010, George Shultz foi personagem de destaque no escândalo da empresa de biotecnologia Theranos e continuou a apoiá-la, como membro do conselho de administração, apesar das evidências de fraudes praticadas pelos seus executivos. A Theranos defraudou seus investidores em mais de USD 700 milhões, antes de falir. O neto de Shultz, Tyler, trabalhou na empresa e acabou por se tornar um whistleblower da fraude tecnológica que lá ocorria. (pt) Джордж Прэтт Шульц (англ. George Pratt Shultz, 13 декабря 1920, Нью-Йорк — 6 февраля 2021, Стэнфорд, Калифорния) — американский государственный и политический деятель. (ru) Джордж Претт Шульц (англ. George Pratt Shultz; 13 грудня 1920, Нью-Йорк — 6 лютого 2021) — американський політик і державний діяч, держсекретар США при президентстві Р. Рейгана. (uk) 乔治·普拉特·舒尔茨（英語：George Pratt Shultz，1920年12月13日－2021年2月6日），美国政治家。 1920年12月13日，舒尔茨出生于纽约。1942年本科毕业于普林斯顿大学。二战期间服役于美国海军陆战队，任上尉。1949年获得麻省理工学院博士学位。博士毕业后曾在麻省理工学院和芝加哥大学教经济学，之后曾任美国劳工部长、美国财政部长和美国国务卿。2021年2月6日，舒尔茨去世，享嵩寿100岁。 2021年2月8日，中華人民共和国外交部发言人汪文斌在例行记者会上称，“舒尔茨前国务卿是美国资深的政治家和外交家，任内为促进中美关系发展作出了积极的努力和有益的贡献，离任后继续长期致力于增进两国了解与互信，推动中美友好合作。我们对他的逝世深表哀悼，对他的家人表示诚挚慰问。” (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | George P. Shultz (anglès: George Pratt Shultz) (Nova York, 13 de desembre de 1920 - Stanford, 6 de febrer de 2021) fou un economista, empresari i polític nord-americà. Va ser Secretari del Treball entre 1969 i 1970, Secretari del Tresor entre 1972 i 1974 i Secretari d'Estat entre 1982 i 1989. Abans de l'entrada en política fou professor d'economia al Massachusetts Institute of Technology i a la Universitat de Chicago, en aquesta darrera va ser el degà de la Facultat d'Economia entre 1962 i 1969. Entre 1974 i 1982 fou un executiu a Bechtel. Va formar part de la Hoover Institution de la Universitat de Stanford. (ca) George Pratt Shultz (13. prosince 1920 New York – 6. února 2021 Stanford) byl americký ekonom, diplomat, politik a podnikatel. Působil ve funkci ministra práce (1969–1970), ředitele úřadu OMB (1970–1972) a (1970–1974) v administrativě Richarda Nixonna, pod prezidentem Ronaldem Reaganem sloužil coby ministr zahraničí (1982–1989). Spolu s patří k politikům, kteří byli součástí čtyř vlád. Před vstupem do politiky byl profesor přednášející ekonomiku na MIT a Chicagské univerzitě. V roce 2013 obdržel pamětní stříbrnou medaili Jana Masaryka jako uznání za svou roli při ukončení studené války. (cs) George Pratt Shultz (* 13. Dezember 1920 in New York City; † 6. Februar 2021 in Stanford, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker der Republikanischen Partei. Von 1969 bis 1970 war er Arbeitsminister und von 1972 bis 1974 Finanzminister in der Regierung von Präsident Richard Nixon sowie von 1982 bis 1989 Außenminister in der Regierung von Präsident Ronald Reagan. (de) George Pratt Shultz (Nueva York, 13 de diciembre de 1920–Stanford, 6 de febrero de 2021) fue un economista, empresario y político estadounidense. Se desempeñó como Secretario de Trabajo de los Estados Unidos desde 1969 hasta 1970, como Secretario del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos desde 1972 hasta 1974 y como Secretario de Estado del mismo país desde 1982 a 1989. (es) George Pratt Shultz, né le 13 décembre 1920 à New York et mort le 6 février 2021 à Standford, est un homme politique et homme d'affaires américain. Membre du Parti républicain, il est secrétaire au Travail entre 1969 et 1970 et secrétaire du Trésor entre 1972 et 1974 dans l'administration du président Richard Nixon puis secrétaire d'État entre 1982 et 1989 dans celle du président Ronald Reagan. Il est également directeur de Bechtel et a fait partie du conseil d'administration de Theranos. (fr) George Pratt Shultz (New York, 13 dicembre 1920 – Stanford, 6 febbraio 2021) è stato un politico ed economista statunitense, ricoprendo varie posizioni sotto due diversi presidenti repubblicani. Ebbe un ruolo importante nel plasmare la politica estera dell'amministrazione Ronald Reagan. (it) ジョージ・プラット・シュルツ（英語: George Pratt Shultz、1920年12月13日 - 2021年2月6日）は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。1982年7月から1989年1月まで国務長官を務め、それ以前は労働長官、財務長官、行政管理予算局局長を歴任した。 (ja) George Pratt Shultz (New York, 13 december 1920 – Stanford, 6 februari 2021) was een Amerikaans econoom, hoogleraar, zakenman en politicus voor de Republikeinse Partij. Hij was minister van Arbeid in het kabinet-Nixon in 1969 en 1970, directeur van het Bureau voor Management en Budget van 1970 tot 1972, minister van Financiën in het kabinet-Nixon van 1972 tot 1974 en ten slotte minister van Buitenlandse Zaken in het kabinet-Reagan van 1982 tot 1989. Schultz was de strateeg achter het plan om de militaire sterkte van de Verenigde staten en de cohesie van de NAVO aan te tonen, maar tegelijkertijd gesprekken aan te knopen met de Sovjet-Unie over een kernwapenverdrag. Vertrouwen was voor hem het ‘wisselgeld van de wereld’, een eigenschap die hij ook apprecieerde in Ronald Reagan. (nl) George Pratt Shultz (ur. 13 grudnia 1920 w Nowym Jorku, zm. 6 lutego 2021 w Stanford) – amerykański polityk i dyplomata, od 22 stycznia 1969 do 1 lipca 1970 , a od 12 czerwca 1972 do 8 maja 1974 sekretarz skarbu, w administracji Richarda Nixona. Od 16 lipca 1982 do 20 stycznia 1989 sekretarz stanu USA w administracji Ronalda Reagana. (pl) George Pratt Shultz, född 13 december 1920 i New York, död 6 februari 2021 i Stanford i Kalifornien, var en amerikansk republikansk politiker. Han var USA:s arbetsminister 1969–1970, federal budgetdirektör 1970–1972, finansminister 1972–1974 och utrikesminister 1982–1989. Han avlade 1949 sin doktorsexamen i vid Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Han belönades 1989 med Frihetsmedaljen, Presidential Medal of Freedom. (sv) Джордж Прэтт Шульц (англ. George Pratt Shultz, 13 декабря 1920, Нью-Йорк — 6 февраля 2021, Стэнфорд, Калифорния) — американский государственный и политический деятель. (ru) Джордж Претт Шульц (англ. George Pratt Shultz; 13 грудня 1920, Нью-Йорк — 6 лютого 2021) — американський політик і державний діяч, держсекретар США при президентстві Р. Рейгана. (uk) 乔治·普拉特·舒尔茨（英語：George Pratt Shultz，1920年12月13日－2021年2月6日），美国政治家。 1920年12月13日，舒尔茨出生于纽约。1942年本科毕业于普林斯顿大学。二战期间服役于美国海军陆战队，任上尉。1949年获得麻省理工学院博士学位。博士毕业后曾在麻省理工学院和芝加哥大学教经济学，之后曾任美国劳工部长、美国财政部长和美国国务卿。2021年2月6日，舒尔茨去世，享嵩寿100岁。 2021年2月8日，中華人民共和国外交部发言人汪文斌在例行记者会上称，“舒尔茨前国务卿是美国资深的政治家和外交家，任内为促进中美关系发展作出了积极的努力和有益的贡献，离任后继续长期致力于增进两国了解与互信，推动中美友好合作。我们对他的逝世深表哀悼，对他的家人表示诚挚慰问。” (zh) جورج برات شولتز (بالإنجليزية: George Pratt Shultz) (13 ديسمبر 1920 - 6 فبراير 2021) هو اقتصادي ورجل دولة ورجل أعمال أمريكي. عمل في مناصب مختلفة في إدارات ثلاثة رؤساء جمهوريين مختلفين. وهو أحد اثنين، إلى جانب إليوت ريتشاردسون، عملا في أربعة مجالس وزارية مختلفة. (ar) Ο Τζορτζ Πρατ Σουλτς (George Pratt Shultz, 13 Δεκεμβρίου 1920 - 6 Φεβρουαρίου 2021), ήταν Αμερικανός οικονομολόγος, πολιτικός και επιχειρηματίας, ο οποίος υπηρέτησε ως υπουργός Εξωτερικών των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (1982-1989) επί προεδρίας Ρ. Ρήγκαν. Υπηρέτησε επίσης, ως 62ος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (1972-74), ως Επικεφαλής του Γραφείου Διαχείρισης και Προϋπολογισμού του Λευκού Οίκου (1970-1972) καθώς και ως 11ος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών (1969-1970). Ήταν μέλος του Ρεπουμπλικανικού Κόμματος. (el) George Pratt Shultz (/ʃʊlts/; December 13, 1920 – February 6, 2021) was an American economist, businessman, diplomat and statesman. He served in various positions under three different Republican presidents and is one of the only two persons to have held four different Cabinet-level posts, the other being Elliot Richardson. Shultz had played a major role in shaping the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration. From 1974 to 1982, he was an executive of the Bechtel Group, an engineering and services company. (en) George Pratt Shultz (New York, 1920ko abenduaren 13a - Stanford, Kalifornia, 2021eko otsailaren 6a) estatubatuar politikari, diplomazialari, ekonomista eta negozio-gizona izan zen. Princeton Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen eta Bigarren Mundu Gerran marineekin borrokatu zen. Gerratik itzuli ondoren, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-n ikasi eta irakatsi zuen. Unibertsitatea politikagatik utzi zuen eta lau kargu desberdin izan zituen gobernuan. Lan Idazkaria izan zen 1970etik 1971ra Richard Nixon presidentearekin, 1970etik 1972ra Aurrekontu Bulegoko Zuzendaria eta 1972tik 1974ra Ogasun Idazkaria izan zena Nixonekin ere bai. Ronald Reaganek 1982an izendatu zuen Estatu Idazkaria. Beraz, kanpo-politikaren arduraduna izan zen Reaganen agintaldian. Reagan konbentzitu zuen Mikhail Gorbatxovekin har (eu) George Pratt Shultz (/ʃʊlts/; 13 Desember 1920 – 6 Februari 2021) adalah seorang ekonom, diplomat, dan pengusaha Amerika Serikat. Ia menjabat di berbagai posisi di bawah tiga presiden yang berbeda dan merupakan satu dari hanya dua orang yang memegang empat jabatan tingkat Kabinet yang berbeda. Shultz memainkan peran utama dalam membentuk . Dari tahun 1974 hingga 1982, ia adalah seorang eksekutif di Bechtel Group, sebuah perusahaan teknik dan jasa. Pada tahun 2010-an, Shultz adalah tokoh terkemuka dalam skandal perusahaan bioteknologi . (in) 조지 프랫 슐츠(George Pratt Shultz, 1920년 12월 13일 ~ 2021년 2월 6일)는 미국의 교수, 사업가이며 공화당의 정치인이자, 60대 국무장관(1982년 ~ 1989년)이다. 또한 미국과 해외에서 정부, 경영과 노동 기구들의 고문을 지냈고, 노동 분쟁의 중재인으로서 공정한 역할을 수행했다. 1942년 프린스턴 대학교를 졸업하고 1949년 매사추세츠 공과대학에서 경제학 박사 학위를 취득하였다. 매사추세츠 공과 대학에서 1948년부터 1955년까지, 1956년부터 1957년까지 경제학을 강의하였다. 1957년에는 시카고 대학교에서 노사관계의 교수가 되었고, 1962년에는 경영 대학원의 원장을 지냈다. 닉슨 내각에서 1969년부터 1970년까지 노동부 장관으로 근무하다가, 1970년부터 1972년까지 행정 관리 예산국의 국장을 지냈다. 1972년부터 1974년까지 재무 장관 겸 경제 정책 위원회의 회장을 맡으면서, 정부의 경제 정책에 결정들을 조화시키는 성과를 얻는 데 책임을 지었다. 1989년 내각을 떠나 다시 교수 생활을 하였다. (ko) George Pratt Shultz (Nova Iorque, 13 de dezembro de 1920 – Stanford, 6 de fevereiro de 2021) foi um economista, empresário e político estadunidense. Serviu como Secretário do Trabalho dos Estados Unidos, de 1969 a 1970; depois, como diretor do Escritório de Administração e Orçamento, entre 1970 e 1972 e Secretário do Tesouro de 1972 a 1974 - todos os cargos exercidos durante a presidência de Richard Nixon. Ele também foi Secretário de Estado entre 1982 e 1989, sob o presidente Ronald Reagan. Antes de entrar na política, Shultz lutou na Segunda Guerra Mundial no Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais e foi professor de economia no Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts e na Universidade de Chicago, sendo nomeado decano da última, entre 1962 e 1969. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | George Shultz (en) جورج شولتز (ar) George P. Shultz (ca) George P. Shultz (cs) George Shultz (de) Τζορτζ Σουλτς (el) George Shultz (es) George Shultz (eu) George Shultz (in) George P. Shultz (fr) George Shultz (it) 조지 프랫 슐츠 (ko) ジョージ・シュルツ (ja) George Shultz (nl) George P. Shultz (pl) George P. Shultz (pt) Шульц, Джордж (ru) George P. Shultz (sv) 乔治·普拉特·舒尔茨 (zh) Джордж Шульц (uk) |
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