| dbo:abstract |
كان الجنرال السير هنري كلينتون، بلقب فارس مُرافق (غالبًا، 16 أبريل 1730 – 23 ديسمبر 1795) ضابطًا في الجيش البريطاني وسياسيًا، أخذ مقعدًا في مجلس العموم بين 1772 و1795. اشتهر بخدمته جنرالَا في الجيش خلال حرب الاستقلال الأمريكية. هو أول من وصل إلى بوسطن في مايو عام 1775، كان من 1778 إلى 1782 القائد الأعلى للقوات البريطانية في أميركا الشمالية. كان بالإضافة إلى خدمته العسكرية -بسبب تأثير ابن عمه هنري بيلهام كلينتون، الدوق الثاني لنيوكاسل- عضوًا في البرلمان لسنوات عديدة. عُيّن في وقت متأخر من حياته حاكمًا لجبل طارق، لكنه توفي قبل توليه المنصب. (ar) Sir Henry Clinton KB (* 16. April 1730; † 23. Dezember 1795 in Cornwall, England) war britischer General während des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges. (de) Henry Clinton (16 de abril de 1730-23 de diciembre de 1795) fue un militar y político británico, conocido principalmente por su servicio como general durante la Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos. Tras su llegada a Boston en mayo de 1775, entre 1778 y 1782 ocupó el cargo de comandante en jefe para Norte América. Además de su carrera militar, ocupó asiento en el Parlamento Británico gracias a la influencia de Henry Pelham. Años después llegó a ser nombrado Gobernador de Gibraltar, pero falleció antes de ocupar su cargo. Clinton descendía de una familia noble que podía rastrear sus orígenes hasta 1066 y poseía una larga trayectoria de servicios a la Corona. Hijo de un almirante de la flota, sus dos hijos continuaron con la tradición militar de la familia: el general sir y el teniente-general sir . (es) General Sir Henry Clinton, KB (16 April 1730 – 23 December 1795) was a British army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1772 and 1795. He is best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. First arriving in Boston in May 1775, from 1778 to 1782 he was the British Commander-in-Chief in North America. In addition to his military service, due to the influence of his cousin Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, he was a Member of Parliament for many years. Late in life he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but died before assuming the post. (en) Henry Clinton (16 avril 1730–23 décembre 1795) est un général britannique. (fr) ( 같은 이름을 가진 영국 육군 장교에 대해서는 헨리 클린턴 (1771년) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 헨리 클린턴(Henry Clinton, 1730년 4월 16일 - 1795년 12월 23일, 바스 훈장 수상자)은 영국의 군인, 정치인이다. 클린턴을 유명하게 한 것은 미국 독립 전쟁 중에 영국군의 북아메리카 총사령관을 맡은 것이다. 1775년 5월에 보스턴에 처음 도착하여, 1778년부터 1782년까지 4년간 북아메리카 영국군 총사령관을 맡았다. 그 군 경력 이외에, 제2대 뉴캐슬 공작의 영향력도 있고, 영국 의회 의원직을 몇 해 지냈다. 만년에 지브롤터 총독에 임명되었으나 부임 전에 사망했다. 클린턴의 혈통은 1066년까지 거슬러 올라가며, 왕실을 오랫동안 모신 유서 깊은 역사를 가진 가문이었다. 아버지 조지 클린턴은 제독이었으며, 헨리의 두 아들, 윌리엄 헨리 클린턴 (1769–1846)도 대장이되었고, 중장이 되었던 헨리 클린턴 (주니어) 경까지 모두 고위직 사령관을 역임했다. (ko) ヘンリー・クリントン（英:Henry Clinton, 1730年4月16日 - 1795年12月23日）は、イギリスの軍人、政治家、バス勲章受章者である。クリントンを有名にしたのは、アメリカ独立戦争中にイギリス軍の北アメリカ総司令官を務めたことである。 1775年5月に初めてボストンに到着し、1778年から1782年には北アメリカのイギリス総司令官を務めた。その軍歴に加え、第2代ニューカッスル公爵ヘンリー・ペラム＝クリントンの影響力もあって、下院議員を長年務めた。晩年にジブラルタル総督に任命されたが、着任前に死亡した。 クリントンはその血統を1066年にまで遡ることができ、王室に長く仕えた歴史を持つ高貴の家に生まれた。父は海軍大将であり、2人の息子も大将と中将になった軍人の家系である。 (ja) Henry Clinton (Isola di Terranova, 16 aprile 1738 – Rocca di Gibilterra, 23 dicembre 1795) è stato un generale britannico. Ufficiale esperto e prudente, prese parte alla guerra d'indipendenza americana divenendo nel maggio 1778 comandante in capo del corpo di spedizione britannico impegnato in America per sottomettere le colonie ribelli. Clinton dimostrò prudenza e capacità tattica raggiungendo importanti successi nelle colonie meridionali, ma mantenne pessimi rapporti con i suoi subordinati e con i dirigenti britannici in patria, non riuscendo ad evitare la pesante sconfitta di Yorktown; dopo la disfatta venne sostituito nel 1782 dal generale Guy Carleton. La condotta di Clinton durante la guerra d'America ha suscitato accese polemiche tra i protagonisti degli eventi e anche in sede di analisi storiografica. (it) Henry Clinton (ur. 16 kwietnia 1738, zm. 23 grudnia 1795) – brytyjski generał. Jego ojcem był admirał . Mając zaledwie 13 lat Henry został dowódcą Coldstream Guards. Gdy trwała wojna siedmioletnia (1756–1763) wyróżnił się jako adiutant księcia Ferdynanda Brunszwickiego (w latach 1760–1762). W 1772 roku otrzymał rangę generała. W latach 1772–1774 był posłem do parlamentu. W 1775 generałowie Clinton, William Howe i John Burgoyne przybyli by swymi wojskami wzmocnić siły brytyjskie w Ameryce Płn przed spodziewaną wojną z kolonistami. Wyróżnił się w bitwie o Bunker Hill (1775), za co awansował na najważniejszego dowódcę po gen. Howe’em. Z kolei za swój udział w bitwie pod Long Island (1776) został mianowany generałem-pułkownikiem (Lieutenant General) i uzyskał szlachectwo. W 1776 Clinton bez powodzenia atakował Sullivans Island niedaleko Charleston i zdobył Newport. W latach 1778–1782 Clinton był naczelnym dowódca sił brytyjskich w Ameryce. Clinton brał udział w wyprawie na Nowy jork, którą prowadził William Howe w sierpniu 1776 roku. Clinton często krytykował metody walki Howe’a. W maju 1778 roku zastąpił go ostatecznie na stanowisku naczelnego dowódcy wojsk brytyjskich w Ameryce, gdy Howe przegrał pod Saratogą. Klęska pod Saratogą spowodowała przyłączenie się Francji do wojny, dowództwo nakazało więc Clintonowi odesłanie 5.000 żołnierzy ze swej armii do obrony Karaibów. Z tak uszczuploną armią musiał wycofać się spod Filadelfii, jednak nadal mógł skutecznie walczyć z Washingtonem, co udowodniła min. bitwa o Monmouth. Nową kwaterę główną założył w Nowym Jorku. W 1779 przeniósł teatr działań wojennych na południe. On i gen. Charles Cornwallis zdobyli Charleston w 1780. Następnie Clinton powrócił do Nowego Jorku. Obaj dowódcy nieustannie się ze sobą kłócili. W 1781 roku nie przyszedł z pomocą gen. Cornwallisowi oblężonemu w Yorktown, co pogrążyło całą kampanię. W tym samym roku Clinton dobrowolnie złożył dowództwo i powrócił do Anglii, gdzie opublikował swoje Narrative by uzasadnić w nich swoje wojenne postępowanie. W 1790 powrócił do o Izby Gmin. W roku 1794 został mianowany gubernatorem Gibraltaru. Zmarł w Kornwalii w 1795 zanim jeszcze wyruszył do Gibraltaru. (pl) Генри Клинтон (англ. Henry Clinton; 16 апреля 1730, Ньюфаундленд, Канада — 23 декабря 1795, Лондон, Англия) — британский военный и государственный деятель, полный генерал (октябрь 1793 года). Сын адмирала Джорджа Клинтона (1686—1761), в 1741—1753 годах губернатора провинции Нью-Йорк. (ru) Sir Henry Clinton, född den 16 april 1738 (eller 1730), död den 23 december 1795, var en brittisk general. Han var son till amiral , sonson till och far till Henry Clinton (1771–1829). Clinton utmärkte sig i sjuårskriget (1756–1763), blev 1772 generalmajor och deltog från 1775 i nordamerikanska frihetskriget. År 1778 efterträdde han Howe som överbefälhavare i kriget mot de upproriska provinserna, men lyckades inte uppfylla de förhoppningar man gjort sig om honom. Hans största bedrift var intagandet av Charleston 1780. Den vinst han hade väntat sig av att besticka den amerikanske generalen Arnold, nämligen besittningen av West Point, Nordamerikas Gibraltar, slog fel, och han kunde inte hindra Cornwallis kapitulation vid Yorktown 1781. Clinton avgick från befälet samma år. Efter hemkomsten råkade han i en häftig polemik med Cornwallis rörande ovannämnda kapitulation, för vilken denne tillskrev Clinton felet. Han avled som guvernör på Gibraltar. Wikimedia Commons har media relaterad till Henry Clinton (1738–1795). (sv) Henry Clinton (16 de abril de 1730 - Londres, 23 de dezembro de 1795) foi um militar e político do exército britânico, mais conhecido pelo seu serviço como general durante a Guerra da Independência Americana. Chegando a Boston em Maio de 1775, foi o Comandante em chefe britânico na América do Norte de 1778 a 1782. Além do seu serviço militar, devido à influência do 2º Duque de Newcastle, ele foi Membro do Parlamento por muitos anos. No final da vida ele foi nomeado Governador de Gibraltar, mas morreu antes de assumir o posto. (pt) 陸軍上將亨利·克林頓爵士，KB（General Sir Henry Clinton，1730年4月16日－1795年12月23日），英國陸軍將領及政治家，早年曾參與七年戰爭，1778年5月至1782年2月任北美英軍總司令，其間為美國獨立戰爭的英方最高指揮，在任期間曾經成功在1780年5月攻下革命軍重要據點查爾斯頓，俘虜敵軍5,000人。惟後來在北美南方戰事上連番失利，終在1781年10月見證英軍在約克鎮圍城戰役大敗，不久以後被召回英國。返國後他曾於1783年出版Narrative of the Campaign of 1781 in North America一書，書中為自己澄清及辯護，並將英方戰敗原因歸咎於前下屬康沃利斯勳爵，使兩人的惡劣關係公開。另一方面，克林頓與紐卡斯爾公爵家族具有親戚關係，在其協助下，他曾自1772年至1784年及自1790年至1795年出任下議院議員。 克林頓爵士來自一軍事世家，祖上早於1066年已為皇室效力，父親為軍人。除他以外，克林頓的其中兩名兒子後來亦在軍中擔任要職。 (zh) |
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كان الجنرال السير هنري كلينتون، بلقب فارس مُرافق (غالبًا، 16 أبريل 1730 – 23 ديسمبر 1795) ضابطًا في الجيش البريطاني وسياسيًا، أخذ مقعدًا في مجلس العموم بين 1772 و1795. اشتهر بخدمته جنرالَا في الجيش خلال حرب الاستقلال الأمريكية. هو أول من وصل إلى بوسطن في مايو عام 1775، كان من 1778 إلى 1782 القائد الأعلى للقوات البريطانية في أميركا الشمالية. كان بالإضافة إلى خدمته العسكرية -بسبب تأثير ابن عمه هنري بيلهام كلينتون، الدوق الثاني لنيوكاسل- عضوًا في البرلمان لسنوات عديدة. عُيّن في وقت متأخر من حياته حاكمًا لجبل طارق، لكنه توفي قبل توليه المنصب. (ar) Sir Henry Clinton KB (* 16. April 1730; † 23. Dezember 1795 in Cornwall, England) war britischer General während des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges. (de) General Sir Henry Clinton, KB (16 April 1730 – 23 December 1795) was a British army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1772 and 1795. He is best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. First arriving in Boston in May 1775, from 1778 to 1782 he was the British Commander-in-Chief in North America. In addition to his military service, due to the influence of his cousin Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, he was a Member of Parliament for many years. Late in life he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but died before assuming the post. (en) Henry Clinton (16 avril 1730–23 décembre 1795) est un général britannique. (fr) ( 같은 이름을 가진 영국 육군 장교에 대해서는 헨리 클린턴 (1771년) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 헨리 클린턴(Henry Clinton, 1730년 4월 16일 - 1795년 12월 23일, 바스 훈장 수상자)은 영국의 군인, 정치인이다. 클린턴을 유명하게 한 것은 미국 독립 전쟁 중에 영국군의 북아메리카 총사령관을 맡은 것이다. 1775년 5월에 보스턴에 처음 도착하여, 1778년부터 1782년까지 4년간 북아메리카 영국군 총사령관을 맡았다. 그 군 경력 이외에, 제2대 뉴캐슬 공작의 영향력도 있고, 영국 의회 의원직을 몇 해 지냈다. 만년에 지브롤터 총독에 임명되었으나 부임 전에 사망했다. 클린턴의 혈통은 1066년까지 거슬러 올라가며, 왕실을 오랫동안 모신 유서 깊은 역사를 가진 가문이었다. 아버지 조지 클린턴은 제독이었으며, 헨리의 두 아들, 윌리엄 헨리 클린턴 (1769–1846)도 대장이되었고, 중장이 되었던 헨리 클린턴 (주니어) 경까지 모두 고위직 사령관을 역임했다. (ko) ヘンリー・クリントン（英:Henry Clinton, 1730年4月16日 - 1795年12月23日）は、イギリスの軍人、政治家、バス勲章受章者である。クリントンを有名にしたのは、アメリカ独立戦争中にイギリス軍の北アメリカ総司令官を務めたことである。 1775年5月に初めてボストンに到着し、1778年から1782年には北アメリカのイギリス総司令官を務めた。その軍歴に加え、第2代ニューカッスル公爵ヘンリー・ペラム＝クリントンの影響力もあって、下院議員を長年務めた。晩年にジブラルタル総督に任命されたが、着任前に死亡した。 クリントンはその血統を1066年にまで遡ることができ、王室に長く仕えた歴史を持つ高貴の家に生まれた。父は海軍大将であり、2人の息子も大将と中将になった軍人の家系である。 (ja) Генри Клинтон (англ. Henry Clinton; 16 апреля 1730, Ньюфаундленд, Канада — 23 декабря 1795, Лондон, Англия) — британский военный и государственный деятель, полный генерал (октябрь 1793 года). Сын адмирала Джорджа Клинтона (1686—1761), в 1741—1753 годах губернатора провинции Нью-Йорк. (ru) Henry Clinton (16 de abril de 1730 - Londres, 23 de dezembro de 1795) foi um militar e político do exército britânico, mais conhecido pelo seu serviço como general durante a Guerra da Independência Americana. Chegando a Boston em Maio de 1775, foi o Comandante em chefe britânico na América do Norte de 1778 a 1782. Além do seu serviço militar, devido à influência do 2º Duque de Newcastle, ele foi Membro do Parlamento por muitos anos. No final da vida ele foi nomeado Governador de Gibraltar, mas morreu antes de assumir o posto. (pt) 陸軍上將亨利·克林頓爵士，KB（General Sir Henry Clinton，1730年4月16日－1795年12月23日），英國陸軍將領及政治家，早年曾參與七年戰爭，1778年5月至1782年2月任北美英軍總司令，其間為美國獨立戰爭的英方最高指揮，在任期間曾經成功在1780年5月攻下革命軍重要據點查爾斯頓，俘虜敵軍5,000人。惟後來在北美南方戰事上連番失利，終在1781年10月見證英軍在約克鎮圍城戰役大敗，不久以後被召回英國。返國後他曾於1783年出版Narrative of the Campaign of 1781 in North America一書，書中為自己澄清及辯護，並將英方戰敗原因歸咎於前下屬康沃利斯勳爵，使兩人的惡劣關係公開。另一方面，克林頓與紐卡斯爾公爵家族具有親戚關係，在其協助下，他曾自1772年至1784年及自1790年至1795年出任下議院議員。 克林頓爵士來自一軍事世家，祖上早於1066年已為皇室效力，父親為軍人。除他以外，克林頓的其中兩名兒子後來亦在軍中擔任要職。 (zh) Henry Clinton (16 de abril de 1730-23 de diciembre de 1795) fue un militar y político británico, conocido principalmente por su servicio como general durante la Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos. Tras su llegada a Boston en mayo de 1775, entre 1778 y 1782 ocupó el cargo de comandante en jefe para Norte América. Además de su carrera militar, ocupó asiento en el Parlamento Británico gracias a la influencia de Henry Pelham. Años después llegó a ser nombrado Gobernador de Gibraltar, pero falleció antes de ocupar su cargo. (es) Henry Clinton (Isola di Terranova, 16 aprile 1738 – Rocca di Gibilterra, 23 dicembre 1795) è stato un generale britannico. Ufficiale esperto e prudente, prese parte alla guerra d'indipendenza americana divenendo nel maggio 1778 comandante in capo del corpo di spedizione britannico impegnato in America per sottomettere le colonie ribelli. (it) Henry Clinton (ur. 16 kwietnia 1738, zm. 23 grudnia 1795) – brytyjski generał. Jego ojcem był admirał . Mając zaledwie 13 lat Henry został dowódcą Coldstream Guards. Gdy trwała wojna siedmioletnia (1756–1763) wyróżnił się jako adiutant księcia Ferdynanda Brunszwickiego (w latach 1760–1762). W 1772 roku otrzymał rangę generała. W latach 1772–1774 był posłem do parlamentu. (pl) Sir Henry Clinton, född den 16 april 1738 (eller 1730), död den 23 december 1795, var en brittisk general. Han var son till amiral , sonson till och far till Henry Clinton (1771–1829). Clinton utmärkte sig i sjuårskriget (1756–1763), blev 1772 generalmajor och deltog från 1775 i nordamerikanska frihetskriget. År 1778 efterträdde han Howe som överbefälhavare i kriget mot de upproriska provinserna, men lyckades inte uppfylla de förhoppningar man gjort sig om honom. Hans största bedrift var intagandet av Charleston 1780. Wikimedia Commons har media relaterad till Henry Clinton (1738–1795). (sv) |
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هنري كلينتون (ar) Henry Clinton (General, 1730) (de) Henry Clinton (es) Henry Clinton (1730-1795) (fr) Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730) (en) Henry Clinton (it) 헨리 클린턴 (ko) ヘンリー・クリントン (ja) Henry Clinton (1738–1795) (pl) Henry Clinton (pt) Клинтон, Генри (1730) (ru) Henry Clinton (1738–1795) (sv) 亨利·克林頓 (zh) |
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