MG 08 (original) (raw)
Maschinengewehr 08 neboli MG 08 (08 = rok vzniku 1908) je vodou chlazený typ těžkého kulometu ráže 7,92, který používala německá armáda zejména v první světové válce. MG 08 se vyráběl v mnoha variantách, z nichž nejznámější byla MG 08/15. MG 08 zůstaly ve službě i do druhé světové války, hlavně z důvodu nedostatku jeho nástupce, modelu MG34 a vyřazeny byly až v roce 1942.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:Weapon/length | 1175.0 (dbd:millimetre) |
| dbo:Weapon/weight | 69.0 (dbd:kilogram) |
| dbo:abstract | La metralladora MG 08, de l'alemany Maschinengewehr 08, o MG 08, va ser la metralladora estàndard de l'Imperi Alemany durant la Primera Guerra Mundial. Es tractava d'una modificació de la de 1884. Va ser utilitzada en múltiples versions, incloent-hi versions per armar la majoria dels avions de guerra alemanys. La MG 08 va continuar en servei durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, com a metralladora pesant per la infanteria i posteriorment en defenses i posicions secundàries. El nom de Maschinengewehr 08, o MG 08, prové de l'any d'entrada en servei: 1908. Utilitzava el calibre 7,92 x 57 mm Màuser, capaç de disparar fins a 400 trets per minut utilitzant cintes tèxtils de 250 cartutxos. (ca) Maschinengewehr 08 neboli MG 08 (08 = rok vzniku 1908) je vodou chlazený typ těžkého kulometu ráže 7,92, který používala německá armáda zejména v první světové válce. MG 08 se vyráběl v mnoha variantách, z nichž nejznámější byla MG 08/15. MG 08 zůstaly ve službě i do druhé světové války, hlavně z důvodu nedostatku jeho nástupce, modelu MG34 a vyřazeny byly až v roce 1942. (cs) Das MG 08, zunächst auch als „Gerät 08“ bezeichnet, war ein Maschinengewehr aus deutscher Produktion, das insbesondere im Ersten Weltkrieg verwendet wurde.Die Entwicklung geht auf das 1884 von dem US-amerikanisch-britischen Erfinder Hiram S. Maxim (1840–1916) entwickelte Maxim-Maschinengewehr zurück.Das MG 08 gab es in vielen Varianten. Die bekannteste Variante war das leichte MG 08/15, auf das sich die Redewendung „nullachtfünfzehn“ zurückführen lässt. Als schweres Maschinengewehr wurde das MG 08 in seiner Grundform verwendet. Maschinengewehre aus der Familie 08 kamen im Zweiten Weltkrieg noch vereinzelt zum Einsatz. Aufgrund des Ortes ihrer Produktion wurde die Waffe bei den deutschen Streitkräften, insbesondere den Luftstreitkräften, auch „Spandau-MG“ genannt. (de) La MG 08 (Maschinengewehr 08, «ametralladora 08» en alemán) fue la ametralladora pesada estándar del ejército alemán en la Primera Guerra Mundial y era una versión o copia casi directa de la Ametralladora Maxim original que Hiram Stevens Maxim inventó en 1884. Durante la guerra fue producida en un buen número de variantes. La MG 08 continuó en servicio hasta el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial debido a la escasez de su sucesora, la MG34. Fue retirada como arma de primera línea hacia 1942. (es) La Maschinengewehr 08 (MG 08) est une mitrailleuse allemande du début du XXe siècle. Emblématique de la Grande Guerre, elle reste la plus célèbre des Maxim. Elle fut inventée par le britannique d'origine américaine Hiram Stevens Maxim et produite par les Arsenaux impériaux allemands. Sa puissance de feu, considérable pour l'époque, en fit une arme redoutable qui a permis de stopper de nombreuses charges d'assaillants. (fr) The Maschinengewehr 08, or MG 08, was the German Army's standard machine gun in World War I and is an adaptation of Hiram S. Maxim's original 1884 Maxim gun. It was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 served during World War II as a heavy machine gun in many German infantry divisions, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate fortress units. The Maschinengewehr 08 (or MG 08)—so-named after 1908, its year of adoption—was a development of the license made Maschinengewehr 01. The firing rate depends on the lock assembly used and averages 500 rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and 600 rounds per minute for the Schloss 16. The gun used 250-round fabric belts of 7.92×57mm ammunition. It was water-cooled, using a jacket around the barrel that held approximately 3.7 litres (0.98 US gal) of water. Using a separate attachment sight with range calculator for indirect fire, the MG 08 could be operated from cover. Additional telescopic sights were also developed and used in quantity during the war. The MG 08, like the Maxim gun, operated on the basis of short barrel recoil and a toggle lock. Once cocked and fired the MG 08 would continue firing rounds until the trigger was released or until all available ammunition was expended. Its practical range was estimated at some 2,000 metres (2,200 yd) up to an extreme range of 3,700 metres (4,000 yd) when firing the S Patrone. The MG 08 was mounted on a sled mount (German: Schlittenlafette) that was ferried between locations either on carts or else carried above men's shoulders in the manner of a stretcher. Pre-war production was by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) in Berlin and by the government Spandau arsenal (so the gun was often referred to as the Spandau MG 08). When the war began in August 1914, 4,411 MG 08s were available to battlefield units. Production at numerous factories was markedly ramped up during wartime. In 1914, some 200 MG 08s were produced each month, by 1916—once the weapon had established itself as the pre-eminent defensive battlefield weapon—the number had increased to 3,000; and in 1917 to 14,400 per month. (en) La Maschinengewehr 08, abbreviata in MG 08, fu una mitragliatrice pesante con canna raffreddata ad acqua di produzione tedesca. (it) MG08重機関銃（MG08じゅうきかんじゅう、Maschinengewehr 08）は、ハイラム・マキシムが1884年に設計したマキシム機関銃を基に設計された第一次世界大戦時のドイツ軍の標準的機関銃である。 (ja) MG-08은 1908년 독일이 영국의 맥심기관총을 이 1884년에 만든 원래 맥심 기관총을 직접 생산한 수냉식 중기관총이다. 는 수냉식 중기관총인 맥심 기관총을 경량화한 경기관총으로 만들어진 것이며, 두 가지 모두 제2차 세계 대전 초기에도 MG 34의 생산량이 부족하여 사용되었으며, 1942년 즈음에 가서야 MG 34로 대체되었다. (ko) De Nederlandse Mitrailleur M.25 was een (volgens het toenmalige internationale militaire spraakgebruik) zware mitrailleur, die in Duitsland aanvankelijk onder licentie van Maxim werd geproduceerd en vervolgens naar Duitse inzichten werd gemodificeerd. Hoewel deze mitrailleur in principe door één man kon worden bediend, werden organiek een commandant en enkele manschappen bij dit type mitrailleur ingedeeld. De lichte mitrailleur Maxim 08/15 was wel bedoeld om door één man te worden bediend. (nl) A MG 08 (Maschinengewehr 08 - Metralhadora 08) foi a metralhadora padrão do Exército Alemão, durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Sendo uma cópia quase idêntica da metralhadora inventada por Hiram Maxim em 1884, a MG 08 é também conhecida por Maxim Alemã ou Maxim MG 08. A MG 08 manteve-se ao serviço alemão até ao início da Segunda Guerra Mundial, só sendo definitivamente retirada em 1942. A Machinengewehr 08, assim denominada por ter sido adoptada no ano de 1908, resultou de um aperfeiçoamento da MG01 produzida na Alemanha sob licença da Maxim. Podia atingir uma cadência de tiro de 400 tpm, usando cintas de tecido, cada uma com 250 munições de 7,92 mm. O fogo sustentado podia produzir-lhe um sobreaquecimento, que era minorizado através do arrefecimento a líquido, usando uma manga que envolvia o cano e que continha cerca de 4,5 litros de água. O alcance prático da MG 08 situava-se entre os 2.200m e os 4.000m. A arma estava montada num tripé que era transportado em carros ou, em acção, aos ombros dos militares à maneira de uma maca. A produção da arma antes da Primeira Guerra Mundial foi levada a cabo pela DWM em Berlim e pelo Arsenal do Estado em Spandau. Por isso a armas também são conhecidas por DWM MG 08 e Spandau MG 08. Quando a guerra começou em 1914, já estavam disponíveis nas unidades de combate, cerca de 12.000 MG 08, com 200 unidades produzidas por mês. À medida que a guerra avançava, a produção foi aumentada para 3.000 armas por mês em 1916 e 14.400 por mês em 1917. Depois de desenvolvidas as suas variantes mais ligeiras, a MG 08 original, passou a ser designada sMG 08 (schwere Maschinengewehr 08 - Metralhadora pesada 08). (pt) Maschinengewehr 08 (MG08) (Maxim MG08, Spandau MG08, DWM MG08, sMG08) – niemiecki ciężki karabin maszynowy, znany w Polsce jako Maxim wz. 08. Jedna z głównych wersji karabinu maszynowego konstrukcji Hirama Maxima. (pl) Maschinengewehr model 08, kort MG 08, var en tysk vattenkyld medeltung kulspruta som användes från 1908 till 1945. Den är primärt känd för sin användning under första världskriget då den fanns i flera olika versioner och kom att användes på allt från infanterister till stridsvagnar och flygplan. Flera MG 08 modifierades under första världskriget runt 1917 för att bli mindre i helhet och mer portabla. Dessa exemplar kom att kallas MG 08-15. För flygplan fanns det lMG 08 som var en luftkyld variant av MG 08. Dessa kom att användas på flera olika stridsflygplan varav Fokker Dr.I som flögs av flygarässet den röde baronen är ett av de mest ökända att bära denna ksp. MG 08 kom även att användas som bas för utvecklingen av Maschinengewehr 18 TuF. (sv) МГ-08,MG-08 (нім. Maschinengewehr-08) — варіант кулемета Максима, який випускався у Німеччині з 1908 року й активно застосовувався німецькою армією у Першу світову війну. Як і у «Максима», автоматика MG-08 працює за системою використання віддачі ствола. Вермахт почав Другу світову війну, маючи на озброєнні, крім інших зразків кулеметів, 42722 станкових важких кулемета MG-08/15 і MG-08/18. До початку Другої світової війни кулемет MG-08 був вже застарілою зброєю, його застосування у німецькій армії пояснювалося лише браком більш нових і сучасних кулеметів. (uk) MG 08 (нем. Maschinengewehr 08) — 7,9-мм вариант станкового пулемёта Максима, выпускался в Германии с 1908 года и применялся в Первую мировую войну. К началу Второй мировой войны MG 08 был уже устаревшим оружием, его применение в вермахте объяснялось только нехваткой более современных пулемётов. (ru) Maschinengewehr 08（也稱MG08，Maschinengewehr意為機槍）由海勒姆·馬克沁1884年開發的馬克沁機槍發展而來。是德軍在一戰中使用最廣泛的一種重機槍，由於初期在史賓道（Spandau）生產，故又名史賓道機槍，它還發展出了MG08/15、MG08/18等衍生型號，20世紀30年代中華民國在它的基礎上開發出了二四式重機槍。由於MG34的產量不足，德軍在二戰中依然在阵地战中使用MG08重機槍。虽然MG08使用帆布弹链受雨雪水影响且重复使用次数有限，但其水冷原理和可靠的结构使其可无间断地连续发射上千枚弹药，这方面优于气冷的MG34/42。 (zh) |
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| dbo:type | dbr:Light_machine_gun dbr:Heavy_machine_gun |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.cruffler.com/Features/FEB-02/historic-february02.html http://www.mitrailleuse.fr/Allemandes/Mg08/MG08.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=xX2I8xkDSMk: |
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| dbp:action | Short recoil, toggle locked (en) |
| dbp:caption | Maschinengewehr 08 deployed in sandy terrain. (en) |
| dbp:cartridge | 7 (xsd:integer) 7.650000 (xsd:double) 7.920000 (xsd:double) 13 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:crew | 4 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:designer | dbr:Spandau_Arsenal Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (en) |
| dbp:feed | 250 (xsd:integer) 500 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:isRanged | yes (en) |
| dbp:manufacturer | dbr:Hanyang_Arsenal DWM (en) Spandau and Erfurt arsenals (en) |
| dbp:name | Maschinengewehr 08 (en) |
| dbp:number | 23000 (xsd:integer) 72000 (xsd:integer) 130000 (xsd:integer) 225000 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:rate | 450 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:service | 1908 (xsd:integer) -1960.0 (dbd:second) |
| dbp:type | dbr:Light_machine_gun dbr:Heavy_machine_gun (en) |
| dbp:usedBy | 25 (xsd:integer) See ''[[#Users (en) |
| dbp:variants | LMG 08/15 (en) MG 08/15 (en) MG 08/18 (en) HMG Type 24 (en) lMG 08 (en) |
| dbp:velocity | with (en) 878.0 (dbd:metrePerSecond) |
| dbp:wars | See ''[[#Conflicts (en) |
| dbp:weight | Total with water, without water (en) gun body, of water, tripod (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Maschinengewehr 08 neboli MG 08 (08 = rok vzniku 1908) je vodou chlazený typ těžkého kulometu ráže 7,92, který používala německá armáda zejména v první světové válce. MG 08 se vyráběl v mnoha variantách, z nichž nejznámější byla MG 08/15. MG 08 zůstaly ve službě i do druhé světové války, hlavně z důvodu nedostatku jeho nástupce, modelu MG34 a vyřazeny byly až v roce 1942. (cs) La MG 08 (Maschinengewehr 08, «ametralladora 08» en alemán) fue la ametralladora pesada estándar del ejército alemán en la Primera Guerra Mundial y era una versión o copia casi directa de la Ametralladora Maxim original que Hiram Stevens Maxim inventó en 1884. Durante la guerra fue producida en un buen número de variantes. La MG 08 continuó en servicio hasta el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial debido a la escasez de su sucesora, la MG34. Fue retirada como arma de primera línea hacia 1942. (es) La Maschinengewehr 08 (MG 08) est une mitrailleuse allemande du début du XXe siècle. Emblématique de la Grande Guerre, elle reste la plus célèbre des Maxim. Elle fut inventée par le britannique d'origine américaine Hiram Stevens Maxim et produite par les Arsenaux impériaux allemands. Sa puissance de feu, considérable pour l'époque, en fit une arme redoutable qui a permis de stopper de nombreuses charges d'assaillants. (fr) La Maschinengewehr 08, abbreviata in MG 08, fu una mitragliatrice pesante con canna raffreddata ad acqua di produzione tedesca. (it) MG08重機関銃（MG08じゅうきかんじゅう、Maschinengewehr 08）は、ハイラム・マキシムが1884年に設計したマキシム機関銃を基に設計された第一次世界大戦時のドイツ軍の標準的機関銃である。 (ja) MG-08은 1908년 독일이 영국의 맥심기관총을 이 1884년에 만든 원래 맥심 기관총을 직접 생산한 수냉식 중기관총이다. 는 수냉식 중기관총인 맥심 기관총을 경량화한 경기관총으로 만들어진 것이며, 두 가지 모두 제2차 세계 대전 초기에도 MG 34의 생산량이 부족하여 사용되었으며, 1942년 즈음에 가서야 MG 34로 대체되었다. (ko) De Nederlandse Mitrailleur M.25 was een (volgens het toenmalige internationale militaire spraakgebruik) zware mitrailleur, die in Duitsland aanvankelijk onder licentie van Maxim werd geproduceerd en vervolgens naar Duitse inzichten werd gemodificeerd. Hoewel deze mitrailleur in principe door één man kon worden bediend, werden organiek een commandant en enkele manschappen bij dit type mitrailleur ingedeeld. De lichte mitrailleur Maxim 08/15 was wel bedoeld om door één man te worden bediend. (nl) Maschinengewehr 08 (MG08) (Maxim MG08, Spandau MG08, DWM MG08, sMG08) – niemiecki ciężki karabin maszynowy, znany w Polsce jako Maxim wz. 08. Jedna z głównych wersji karabinu maszynowego konstrukcji Hirama Maxima. (pl) МГ-08,MG-08 (нім. Maschinengewehr-08) — варіант кулемета Максима, який випускався у Німеччині з 1908 року й активно застосовувався німецькою армією у Першу світову війну. Як і у «Максима», автоматика MG-08 працює за системою використання віддачі ствола. Вермахт почав Другу світову війну, маючи на озброєнні, крім інших зразків кулеметів, 42722 станкових важких кулемета MG-08/15 і MG-08/18. До початку Другої світової війни кулемет MG-08 був вже застарілою зброєю, його застосування у німецькій армії пояснювалося лише браком більш нових і сучасних кулеметів. (uk) MG 08 (нем. Maschinengewehr 08) — 7,9-мм вариант станкового пулемёта Максима, выпускался в Германии с 1908 года и применялся в Первую мировую войну. К началу Второй мировой войны MG 08 был уже устаревшим оружием, его применение в вермахте объяснялось только нехваткой более современных пулемётов. (ru) Maschinengewehr 08（也稱MG08，Maschinengewehr意為機槍）由海勒姆·馬克沁1884年開發的馬克沁機槍發展而來。是德軍在一戰中使用最廣泛的一種重機槍，由於初期在史賓道（Spandau）生產，故又名史賓道機槍，它還發展出了MG08/15、MG08/18等衍生型號，20世紀30年代中華民國在它的基礎上開發出了二四式重機槍。由於MG34的產量不足，德軍在二戰中依然在阵地战中使用MG08重機槍。虽然MG08使用帆布弹链受雨雪水影响且重复使用次数有限，但其水冷原理和可靠的结构使其可无间断地连续发射上千枚弹药，这方面优于气冷的MG34/42。 (zh) La metralladora MG 08, de l'alemany Maschinengewehr 08, o MG 08, va ser la metralladora estàndard de l'Imperi Alemany durant la Primera Guerra Mundial. Es tractava d'una modificació de la de 1884. Va ser utilitzada en múltiples versions, incloent-hi versions per armar la majoria dels avions de guerra alemanys. La MG 08 va continuar en servei durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, com a metralladora pesant per la infanteria i posteriorment en defenses i posicions secundàries. (ca) Das MG 08, zunächst auch als „Gerät 08“ bezeichnet, war ein Maschinengewehr aus deutscher Produktion, das insbesondere im Ersten Weltkrieg verwendet wurde.Die Entwicklung geht auf das 1884 von dem US-amerikanisch-britischen Erfinder Hiram S. Maxim (1840–1916) entwickelte Maxim-Maschinengewehr zurück.Das MG 08 gab es in vielen Varianten. Die bekannteste Variante war das leichte MG 08/15, auf das sich die Redewendung „nullachtfünfzehn“ zurückführen lässt. Als schweres Maschinengewehr wurde das MG 08 in seiner Grundform verwendet. (de) The Maschinengewehr 08, or MG 08, was the German Army's standard machine gun in World War I and is an adaptation of Hiram S. Maxim's original 1884 Maxim gun. It was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 served during World War II as a heavy machine gun in many German infantry divisions, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate fortress units. (en) A MG 08 (Maschinengewehr 08 - Metralhadora 08) foi a metralhadora padrão do Exército Alemão, durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Sendo uma cópia quase idêntica da metralhadora inventada por Hiram Maxim em 1884, a MG 08 é também conhecida por Maxim Alemã ou Maxim MG 08. A MG 08 manteve-se ao serviço alemão até ao início da Segunda Guerra Mundial, só sendo definitivamente retirada em 1942. O alcance prático da MG 08 situava-se entre os 2.200m e os 4.000m. A arma estava montada num tripé que era transportado em carros ou, em acção, aos ombros dos militares à maneira de uma maca. (pt) Maschinengewehr model 08, kort MG 08, var en tysk vattenkyld medeltung kulspruta som användes från 1908 till 1945. Den är primärt känd för sin användning under första världskriget då den fanns i flera olika versioner och kom att användes på allt från infanterister till stridsvagnar och flygplan. Flera MG 08 modifierades under första världskriget runt 1917 för att bli mindre i helhet och mer portabla. Dessa exemplar kom att kallas MG 08-15. MG 08 kom även att användas som bas för utvecklingen av Maschinengewehr 18 TuF. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Metralladora MG 08 (ca) MG 08 (cs) MG 08 (de) MG 08 (es) MG 08 (it) Maschinengewehr 08 (fr) MG 08 (en) MG 08 (ko) MG08重機関銃 (ja) Karabin maszynowy MG08 (pl) Maschinengewehr 08 (nl) MG 08 (pt) MG 08 (ru) Maschinengewehr 08 (sv) MG-08 (uk) MG08重機槍 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | (en) Maschinengewehr 08 (en) |
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