Louis XII (original) (raw)
لويس الثاني عشر (بالفرنسية: Louis XII) (27 يونيو 1462 - 1 يناير 1515) يلقب أيضاً «أب الشعب». كان ملكاً على فرنسا والعاهل الوحيد من فرع فالوا اورليان من عائلة فالوا. حكم من 1498 إلى 1515 واتبع سياسة خارجية نشطة للغاية.
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| dbo:abstract | لويس الثاني عشر (بالفرنسية: Louis XII) (27 يونيو 1462 - 1 يناير 1515) يلقب أيضاً «أب الشعب». كان ملكاً على فرنسا والعاهل الوحيد من فرع فالوا اورليان من عائلة فالوا. حكم من 1498 إلى 1515 واتبع سياسة خارجية نشطة للغاية. (ar) Lluís XII de França o Lluís II d'Orleans dit “el Pare del Poble” (Blois, 27 de juny de 1462 - París, 1 de gener de 1515) fou duc d'Orleans i Valois (1465-1515); rei de França (1498- 1515), duc de Milà (1498-1512) i rei de Nàpols (1501-1504). (ca) Ludvík XII. (27. června 1462, Blois – 1. ledna 1515, Paříž) byl francouzský král v letech 1498–1515 a vévoda milánský v letech (1499–1500) a (1501–1512). (cs) Ο Λουδοβίκος ΙΒ΄ (Louis XII, 27 Ιουνίου 1462 – 1 Ιανουαρίου 1515), ο αποκαλούμενος πατέρας του λαού, υπήρξε ο 35ος βασιλιάς της Γαλλίας από το 1498 έως το 1515 και ο μοναδικός μονάρχης από τον κλάδο Βαλουά-Ορλεάνης του Οίκου των Βαλουά. Ήταν γιος του Καρόλου δούκα της Ορλεάνης και της Μαρίας των Λα Μαρκ, κόρης του Αδόλφου Α΄ δούκα της Κλέβης. Ο Λουδοβίκος διαδέχθηκε πρώτα τον πατέρα του ως δούκας της Ορλεάνης το 1465 και μετά τον εξάδέλφό του Κάρολο Η΄, που πέθανε το 1498 χωρίς άρρενες απογόνους. (el) Ludoviko la 12-a, reĝo de Francio, naskiĝis la 27-an de junio 1462 en la kastelo de Blois kaj mortis la 1-an de januaro 1515 en Parizo. Li estis kromnomita la patro de la popolo fare de la Ĝeneralaj Asembleoj (États Généraux) de 1506. Li reĝis de 1498 ĝis 1515. En 1498 li sekvis kiel reĝo de Francio sian kuzon Karlo la 8-a, kiu akcidente mortis lasante neniun infanon. Li estis nepo de Karlo de Orleano, la princo poeto, kaj de Maria de Klevo, same kiel la pranepo de Karlo la 5-a. La legitimeco de lia naskiĝo estis pridubata, ĉar lia oficiala patro estis tre maljuna, kiam li edziĝis, kaj lia edzino estis reputaciata leĝermora. Tamen, agnoskite de Karlo de Orleano, li povus eventuale heredi la francan kronon, se malaperus la unuenaskita branĉo. Tial, kiam li 3-jara fariĝis orfo, la reĝo Ludoviko la 11-a fariĝis lia kuratoro kaj povis lin trudi edziĝi kun lia filino, Johanino de Francio, kiu estis kripla kaj malfekunda. En letero li diris al Petro de Beaujeu, sia bofilo, ke, se li geedzigus sian filinon kaj Ludovikon de Orleano, iliaj idoj ja ne kostus multe por la nutrado. Tro juna (14-jara), Ludoviko de Orleano devis obei. Ludoviko la 11-a mortis en 1483, sed Anna de Beaujeu, lia filino fariĝis regento. En 1484, Ludoviko de Orleano provis ribeli kontraŭ ŝi sed estis venkita kaj kaptita en la batalo de Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier en julio 1488, kaj li restis enfermata dum tri jaroj. Poste li sekvis sian kuzon en Italion, kie li vane provis konkeri por si la dukinon de Milano. La morto de lia kuzo lin faris reĝo. Tiam maltrankviliĝis tiuj, kiuj antaŭe dum lia ribelo partoprenis por la reĝo Karlo la 8-a, sed li forigis el ili ĉian timon, bele respondante, ke ne indus al reĝo de Francio puni iun pro maljustaĵoj faritaj al duko de Orleano; cetere, tuj post la morto de lia kuzo kaj antaŭ sia kronado, li skribis al marŝalo de la Tremoille, sia venkinto en Saint-Aubin, por konfirmi lin en ĉiuj liaj postenoj kaj lin peti, ke li servu la novan reĝon tiel fidele kiel lian antaŭulon. Tamen li rapidis nuligi sian truditan edziĝon kun Johanino de Francio. La papo Aleksandro la 6-a konsentis, kondiĉe, ke al lia filo Cezaro oni donos Valencion faritan dukio. Danke al tiu nuligo Ludoviko povis edziĝi kun la vidvino de Karlo la 8-a, Anne de Bretagne dukino de Bretonio, kio malhelpis, ke tiu provinco disiĝu el Francio. En la lasta jaro de lia vivo mortis Anna de Bretonio, lasante nur unu filinon: Klaŭdia de Francio. Li tiam edziĝis kun Maria de Anglio, fratino de la angla reĝo Henriko la 8-a. Li estis 52-jara, kio estis multe en tiu tempo, kaj, devigate «montriĝi gaja kunulo kun sia edzino» (faire du gentil compagnon avec sa femme) laŭ la esprimo de tiutempa kronikisto kaj partopreni je la festoj postulataj de la nova reĝino, li tre rapide laciĝis. Oni rakontas, ke ne tro kalkulante kun la vireco de Ludoviko ŝi provis ricevi la helpon de amorantoj pli taŭgaj por tia laboro, kaj eĉ de Francisko de Angoulême, tamen heredonto, kiun naskiĝo senigus el la trono. Estas malfacile koni la veron en tia afero, sed la geedziĝo de maljuna kaj jam kadukiĝa reĝo kun juna kaj varma virino ĉiam movigas la langojn. Fine okazis neniu gravedo kaj Francisko ricevis la kronon kvazaŭ novjara donaco la 1-an de januaro 1515. (eo) Ludwig XII. (* 27. Juni 1462 auf Schloss Blois; † 1. Januar 1515 im Hôtel des Tournelles, Paris) war von 1498 bis 1515 König von Frankreich und ein Angehöriger des Hauses Valois-Orléans, einer Nebenlinie des Hauses Valois. Der fortwirkende Beiname Ludwigs XII. war und ist „père du peuple“, „Vater des Volkes“. Dies geht auf eine Versammlung von Deputierten der Städte in Tours 1506 zurück, als ihm die ehrende Bezeichnung durch den spontanen Ausruf eines Untertanen angetragen war. (de) Luis XII.a Frantziakoa (Bloisko gaztelua, 1462ko ekainaren 27a - Paris, 1515eko urtarrilaren 1a) Frantziako erregea izan zen (1498-1515). Herriaren aita ezizenaz ere ezagun egin zen; errege bihurtu aurretik Luis Orleanskoa deitzen zitzaion. (eu) Louis XII, né le 27 juin 1462 au château de Blois et mort le 1er janvier 1515 à Paris, surnommé le « Père du peuple » par les états généraux de 1506, est roi de France de 1498 à 1515. Durant son règne, il se lance dans les guerres d'Italie, notamment la troisième et la quatrième et, au plan intérieur, conduit la réforme de la justice et des impôts. Son image fut cultivée après sa mort comme symbole d'un monarque modéré, s'appuyant sur les états généraux, par contraste avec la monarchie absolue. (fr) Luis XII de Francia (Luis de Orleans) (Blois, 27 de junio de 1462-París, 1 de enero de 1515), rey de Francia, de 1498 a 1515, y que recibió el nombre de padre del pueblo en los Estados Generales de 1506. Hijo de Carlos I de Orleans y María de Cléveris. Recibió la corona al fallecer su primo Carlos VIII. Se casó en tres ocasiones: con Juana de Valois, con Ana de Bretaña, y con María Tudor, a la que dejó viuda. Del segundo matrimonio tuvo dos hijas: la futura reina Claudia de Francia y Renata de Francia. (es) Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515) was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed and brother in law at the time, Charles VIII, who died without direct heirs in 1498. Before his accession to the throne of France, he was known as Louis of Orléans and was compelled to be married to his disabled and supposedly sterile cousin Joan by his second cousin, King Louis XI. By doing so, Louis XI hoped to extinguish the Orléans cadet branch of the House of Valois. Louis of Orléans was one of the great feudal lords who opposed the French monarchy in the conflict known as the Mad War. At the royal victory in the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier in 1488, Louis was captured, but Charles VIII pardoned him and released him. He subsequently took part in the Italian War of 1494–1498 as one of the French commanders. When Louis XII became king in 1498, he had his marriage with Joan annulled by Pope Alexander VI and instead married Anne of Brittany, the widow of his cousin Charles VIII. This marriage allowed Louis to reinforce the personal Union of Brittany and France. Louis persevered in the Italian Wars, initiating a second Italian campaign for the control of the Kingdom of Naples. Louis conquered the Duchy of Milan in 1500 and pushed forward to the Kingdom of Naples, which fell to him in 1501. Proclaimed King of Naples, Louis faced a new coalition gathered by Ferdinand II of Aragon and was forced to cede Naples to Spain in 1504. Louis XII did not encroach on the power of local governments or the privileges of the nobility, in opposition with the long tradition of the French kings to attempt to impose absolute monarchy in France. A popular king, Louis was proclaimed "Father of the People" (French: Le Père du Peuple) in 1506 by the Estates-General of Tours for his reduction of the tax known as taille, legal reforms, and civil peace within France. Louis, who remained Duke of Milan after the second Italian War, was interested in further expansion in the Italian Peninsula and launched a third Italian War (1508–1516), which was marked by the military prowess of the Chevalier de Bayard. Louis XII died in 1515 without a male heir. He was succeeded by his cousin and son-in-law Francis from the Angoulême cadet branch of the House of Valois. (en) Louis XII (27 Juni 1462 – 1 Januari 1515), disebut "Bapak Rakyat" (bahasa Prancis: Le Père du Peuple), merupakan seorang Raja Prancis dan penguasa tunggal dari Valois-Orléans cabang Wangsa Valois. Ia memerintah dari tahun 1498 sampai 1515 dan mengejar kebijakan luar negeri dengan sangat aktif. (in) ルイ12世（フランス語: Louis XII, 1462年6月27日 - 1515年1月1日）は、ヴァロワ朝第8代のフランス王（在位：1498年 - 1515年）。シャルル6世の弟ルイ・ドルレアンの孫。 (ja) Luigi XII di Valois-Orléans, antonomasticamente definito "il Padre del Popolo" e conosciuto dai contemporanei in Italia prima come duca d'Orliens e poi come re Ludovico XII (in francese Louis XII le Père du Peuple; Blois, 27 giugno 1462 – Parigi, 1º gennaio 1515), fu signore di Baux, re di Francia dal 1498 al 1515, e re di Napoli come Luigi II. Egli fu l'unico membro del ramo dei Valois-Orléans a diventare re di Francia. (it) 루이 12세(프랑스어: Louis XII, 1462년 6월 27일 - 1515년 1월 1일)는 프랑스의 왕이다. 샤를 6세의 동생인 루이 1세 드 발루아의 손자이며, 아쟁쿠르 전투 이후 잉글랜드에서 25년을 보낸 샤를 도를레앙의 아들이다. (ko) Lodewijk XII (Blois, 27 juni 1462 – Parijs, 1 januari 1515) was koning van Frankrijk van 1498 tot aan zijn dood. Hij was de zoon van Karel van Orléans, en trouwde met Johanna, een dochter van Lodewijk XI. (nl) Ludwik XII (ur. 27 czerwca 1462 w Château de Blois, zm. 1 stycznia1515 w Paryżu) – książę Orleanu, później w latach 1498–1515 król Francji. Był wnukiem księcia Ludwika Orleańskiego (synem Karola Orleańskiego) i prawnukiem Karola V, z dynastii Walezjuszów. (pl) Людо́вик XII (фр. Louis XII), по прозвищу Отец народа (фр. le Père du peuple; 27 июня 1462 — 1 января 1515) — король Франции с 7 апреля 1498 года, Луиджи II как король Неаполя с 1 августа 1501 года. Из орлеанской ветви династии Валуа, сын герцога Карла Орлеанского. Основное событие его царствования — войны, которые Франция вела на территории Италии. (ru) Ludvig XII, fr. Louis XII, kallad ”folkets fader”, på franska le Père du Peuple, född 27 juni 1462, död 1 januari 1515, kung av Frankrike från 1498 och kung av Neapel 1501–1504. Ludvig XII var son till Karl, hertig av Orléans (som var sonson till Karl V av Frankrike) och Maria av Kleve. (sv) Luís XII (Loir-et-Cher, 27 de junho de 1462 – Paris, 1 de janeiro de 1515) foi o Rei da França de 1498 até sua morte. Era filho de Carlos, Duque d'Orleães, e Maria de Cleves, sucedendo seu primo Carlos VIII que havia morrido sem deixar herdeiros. Órfão de pai aos três anos de idade, tornou-se Duque de Orleans, como Luis II; sendo tutelado pelo rei Luís XI, que lhe proporcionou uma severa educação, visto que naquela ocasião era o herdeiro presumido da Coroa (até 1470, quando nasceu o Delfim, futuro rei Carlos VIII). Em 1476, Luis XI o fez casar com sua filha, Joana de Valois, Duquesa de Berry, enfermiça e aleijada, pois pretendia desta forma promover a extinção do ramo dos Orleans, fazendo retornar sua herança ao ramo direto dos Valois. O rei Luis XI, morreu em 1483, deixando o trono a seu filho Carlos VIII, que era menor, sendo o reino confiado a regência de sua filha mais velha, Ana de França e seu marido, Pedro II de Bourbon. Em 1484, descontente com regência de Ana de França, ainda como Duque de Orleans, Luis aderiu à Liga do Bem Público e participou da chamada “Guerra Louca” (Guerre Folle) caindo prisioneiro na batalha de Saint Aubin-du-Cormier. Após três anos de prisão, foi indultado em 1488 pelo novo rei, seu primo e cunhado, Carlos VIII, a quem acompanhou durante a invasão francesa à Itália, naquilo que se conhece como Primeira Guerra da Itália; onde viu frustradas suas ambições de tomar para si o Ducado de Milão. Em 1498, torna-se rei em virtude da morte acidental de seu primo Carlos VIII, que morreu sem deixar descendentes, devido a uma hemorragia cerebral, após chocar-se contra um lintel, durante um jogo de pelota com seus pajens no Castelo de Amboise. Luis XII foi coroado à 27 de maio de 1498, na Catedral de Reims. Logo após sua coroação solicita ao Papa Alexandre VI, a anulação de seu casamento com Joana de Valois, alegando razões de consanguinidade e que houvera casado contra sua livre vontade. Apesar da fragilidades das alegações, o Papa pronunciou-se a favor da anulação, em troca da ajuda francesa na conquista da Romanha e da concessão do Ducado de Valentinois a seu filho César Bórgia. Em 8 de janeiro de 1499, casou-se com Ana, Duquesa da Bretanha, viúva de seu antecessor e primo Carlos VIII, garantindo a si e aos reis franceses a definitiva anexação do Ducado da Bretanha. Luís era neto de Valentina Visconti, a qual era meia-irmã de , um antigo duque de Milão que morreu sem filhos, sendo sucedido por um membro da família Sforza; o que lhe deu base para suas pretensões de invasão da Itália e conquista do Ducado de Milão, que julgava ser seu por direito. Em 1499, Luis XII dá início à Segunda Guerra Italiana (1499-1501); em aliança com a República de Veneza e com César Bórgia, invadindo o Ducado de Milão, onde derrotou Ludovico Sforza, obtendo o domínio sobre Gênova e Milão, reconhecido pelo Tratado de Trento em 1501. Em 11 de novembro de 1500, França e Aragão assinaram secretamente o Tratado de Granada, dividindo entre si o Reino de Nápoles. Luis XII enviou à Nápoles em junho de 1501, um exército de onze mil homens comandados por Bernard Stuart, Senhor de Aubigny. Quando o exército achava-se próximo à Roma, os embaixadores de França e Aragão notificaram o Papa Alexandre VI sobre o Tratado de Granada, obtendo o seu apoio mediante a publicação de uma bula que nomeava os dois reis – Luis XII de França e Fernando II de Aragão – como vassalos do Papa em Nápoles. As forças francesas e espanholas avançam em território napolitano, destronando o Rei Frederico I. O acordo franco-espanhol sobre o domínio de Nápoles teve porém, curta duração. As hostilidades tiveram início em 1502; quando liderados pelo vice-rei Luis de Amagnac; os franceses forçaram os espanhóis, comandados por Gonzalo Fernández de Córdova, a retroceder até o sul da península. A chegada de reforços espanhóis alterou o rumo da guerra, e os franceses sob comando do Senhor D’Albigny foram derrotados na Batalha de Seminara em 1503. A seguir sofreram nova e decisiva derrota em dezembro do mesmo ano na Batalha de Garellano. Isolados em Nápoles, assinam a Capitulação de Gaeta em 1504, entregando suas possessões aos espanhóis. Buscando recompor as perdas sofridas, Luis XII ordenou ainda uma invasão ao Roussillon, onde o exército francês foi igualmente batido pelos espanhóis, o que levou a assinatura dos Tratados de Lyon e de Blois (1504), pelo qual a França renunciava às suas conquistas na Itália meridional. Mediante o Tratado de Blois, assinado em 22 de setembro de 1504 com Filipe I, rei consorte de Castela; Luis XII acordava o casamento de sua filha Claudia de Valois com o infante Carlos (futuro Carlos I da Espanha e V do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico). Os Estados Gerais reunidos em Tours, solicitaram a anulação do acordo, pois temiam a virtual ascensão de um príncipe espanhol ao trono francês. Luis XII aquiesceu e tratou a seguir do casamento de sua filha Cláudia com seu primo e herdeiro Francisco de Valois-Angouleme (futuro Francisco I). A partir de 1508, Luis XII voltou a intervir na Itália. Estabeleceu a Liga de Cambrai, associando-se a Fernando II de Aragão, ao Imperador Maximiliano I e ao Papa Júlio II, contra a República de Veneza, obtendo a vitória na Batalha de Agnadello (maio de 1508). Em 1511, o Papa Júlio II, temeroso da política expansionista de Luis XII para o Norte da Itália; lidera a criação da Santa Liga, aliando-se à Espanha e à República de Veneza, obtendo posteriormente a adesão de Inglaterra e Suíça. Em 1512, a França obtém uma vitória inicial contra as forças do Papado e da Espanha na Batalha de Ravena; porém em 1513, após uma derrota para os suíços na Batalha de Novara, Luis XII perde o controle sobre o Ducado de Milão, que é entregue a Maximiliano Sforza, filho do antigo duque. Ainda em 1513, sofre nova derrota em Pas-de-Calais frente ao rei Henrique VIII de Inglaterra, na Batalha de Guinegatte (também denominada Batalha das Esporas), enquanto Fernando II de Aragão, ao sul efetua a tomada do Reino de Navarra. Tornou-se viúvo em 1514, quando a rainha Ana morreu no Castelo de Blois, em 9 de janeiro, de pedra no rim, sendo sepultada em Saint-Denis. Premido pelos insucessos militares, porém beneficiado pela morte do Papa Júlio II e a eleição de seu sucessor Leão X, que estava inclinado a negociar a paz com a França; Luis XII negocia também com os ingleses, sendo incluído no acordo seu casamento com Maria Tudor, irmã do Rei Henrique VIII, que veio a realizar-se em outubro de 1514. Luis XII morreu subitamente, no ano novo de 1515, apenas três meses após o seu terceiro casamento; sendo sucedido no trono por seu primo e genro Francisco I, filho do Conde de Angolema, visto que a lei sálica excluía as mulheres da linha de sucessão ao trono. (pt) 路易十二（人民之父）Louis XII le Père du Peuple（1462年6月27日－1515年1月1日）法国瓦卢瓦王朝国王（1498年—1515年在位）。他属于该王朝的奥尔良支系。即位前的封号是奥尔良公爵（称路易二世，1465年起），瓦卢瓦公爵（也稱路易二世），那不勒斯國王（路易吉三世）。 (zh) Людови́к XII (27 червня 1462 — 1 січня 1515) — король Франції з династії Валуа. Правив між 1498 та 1515 роками. Син герцога Орлеанського Карла та Марії Клевської. (uk) |
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| dbp:alt | Portrait of Louis XII aged 52 (en) |
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| dbp:caption | Portrait by workshop of Jean Perréal, c. 1514 (en) |
| dbp:corType | france (en) |
| dbp:coronation | 1498-05-27 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1515-01-01 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:issueLink | #Issue (en) |
| dbp:issuePipe | among others... (en) |
| dbp:moretext | (en) |
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| dbp:quote | King Louis was brought into Italy by the ambition of the Venetians, who expected by his coming to get control of half the state of Lombardy. I don't mean to blame the king for his part in the scheme; he wanted a foothold in Italy, and not only had no friends in the province, but found all doors barred against him because of King Charles's behavior. Hence he had to take what friendships he could get; and if he had made no further mistakes in his other arrangements, he might have carried things off very successfully. By taking Lombardy, the king quickly regained the reputation lost by Charles. Genoa yielded, and the Florentines turned friendly, the Marquis of Mantua, the Duke of Ferrara, the Bentivogli , the countess of Forlì , the lords of Faenza, Pesaro, Rimini, Camerino, Piombino, and the people of Lucca, Pisa, and Siena all sought him out with professions of friendship. At this point the Venetians began to see the folly of what they had done, since in order to gain for themselves a couple of districts in Lombardy, they had now made the king master of a third of Italy. Consider how easy it would have been for the king to maintain his position in Italy if he had observed the rules [of not worrying about weaker powers, decreasing the strength of a major power, not introducing a very powerful foreigner in the midst of his new subjects and taking up residence among his new subjects and/or setting up colonies], and become the protector and defender of his new friends. They were many, they were weak, some of them were afraid of the Venetians, others of the Church, hence they were bound to stick by him; and with their help, he could easily have protected himself against the remaining great powers. But no sooner was he established in Milan than he took exactly the wrong tack, helping Pope Alexander to occupy the Romagna. And he never realized that by this decision he was weakening himself, driving away his friends and those who had flocked to him, while strengthening the Church by adding vast temporal power to the spiritual power which gives it so much authority. Having made this first mistake, he was forced into others. To limit the ambition of Alexander and keep him from becoming master of Tuscany, he was forced to come to Italy himself [in 1502]. Not satisfied with having made the Church powerful and deprived himself of his friends, he went after the kingdom of Naples and divided it with the king of Spain . And where before he alone had been the arbiter of Italy, he brought in a rival to whom everyone in the kingdom who was ambitious on his own account or dissatisfied with Louis could have recourse. He could have left in Naples a caretaker king of his own, but he threw him out, and substituted a man capable of driving out Louis himself. If France could have taken Naples with her own power, she should have done so; if she could not, she should not have split the kingdom with the Spaniards. The division of Lombardy that she made with the Venetians was excusable, since it gave Louis a foothold in Italy; the division of Naples with Spain was an error, since there was no such necessity for it. [When Louis made the final mistake of] depriving the Venetians of their power , he thus lost Lombardy. (en) |
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| dbp:source | Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, Chapter III (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | لويس الثاني عشر (بالفرنسية: Louis XII) (27 يونيو 1462 - 1 يناير 1515) يلقب أيضاً «أب الشعب». كان ملكاً على فرنسا والعاهل الوحيد من فرع فالوا اورليان من عائلة فالوا. حكم من 1498 إلى 1515 واتبع سياسة خارجية نشطة للغاية. (ar) Lluís XII de França o Lluís II d'Orleans dit “el Pare del Poble” (Blois, 27 de juny de 1462 - París, 1 de gener de 1515) fou duc d'Orleans i Valois (1465-1515); rei de França (1498- 1515), duc de Milà (1498-1512) i rei de Nàpols (1501-1504). (ca) Ludvík XII. (27. června 1462, Blois – 1. ledna 1515, Paříž) byl francouzský král v letech 1498–1515 a vévoda milánský v letech (1499–1500) a (1501–1512). (cs) Ο Λουδοβίκος ΙΒ΄ (Louis XII, 27 Ιουνίου 1462 – 1 Ιανουαρίου 1515), ο αποκαλούμενος πατέρας του λαού, υπήρξε ο 35ος βασιλιάς της Γαλλίας από το 1498 έως το 1515 και ο μοναδικός μονάρχης από τον κλάδο Βαλουά-Ορλεάνης του Οίκου των Βαλουά. Ήταν γιος του Καρόλου δούκα της Ορλεάνης και της Μαρίας των Λα Μαρκ, κόρης του Αδόλφου Α΄ δούκα της Κλέβης. Ο Λουδοβίκος διαδέχθηκε πρώτα τον πατέρα του ως δούκας της Ορλεάνης το 1465 και μετά τον εξάδέλφό του Κάρολο Η΄, που πέθανε το 1498 χωρίς άρρενες απογόνους. (el) Ludwig XII. (* 27. Juni 1462 auf Schloss Blois; † 1. Januar 1515 im Hôtel des Tournelles, Paris) war von 1498 bis 1515 König von Frankreich und ein Angehöriger des Hauses Valois-Orléans, einer Nebenlinie des Hauses Valois. Der fortwirkende Beiname Ludwigs XII. war und ist „père du peuple“, „Vater des Volkes“. Dies geht auf eine Versammlung von Deputierten der Städte in Tours 1506 zurück, als ihm die ehrende Bezeichnung durch den spontanen Ausruf eines Untertanen angetragen war. (de) Luis XII.a Frantziakoa (Bloisko gaztelua, 1462ko ekainaren 27a - Paris, 1515eko urtarrilaren 1a) Frantziako erregea izan zen (1498-1515). Herriaren aita ezizenaz ere ezagun egin zen; errege bihurtu aurretik Luis Orleanskoa deitzen zitzaion. (eu) Louis XII, né le 27 juin 1462 au château de Blois et mort le 1er janvier 1515 à Paris, surnommé le « Père du peuple » par les états généraux de 1506, est roi de France de 1498 à 1515. Durant son règne, il se lance dans les guerres d'Italie, notamment la troisième et la quatrième et, au plan intérieur, conduit la réforme de la justice et des impôts. Son image fut cultivée après sa mort comme symbole d'un monarque modéré, s'appuyant sur les états généraux, par contraste avec la monarchie absolue. (fr) Luis XII de Francia (Luis de Orleans) (Blois, 27 de junio de 1462-París, 1 de enero de 1515), rey de Francia, de 1498 a 1515, y que recibió el nombre de padre del pueblo en los Estados Generales de 1506. Hijo de Carlos I de Orleans y María de Cléveris. Recibió la corona al fallecer su primo Carlos VIII. Se casó en tres ocasiones: con Juana de Valois, con Ana de Bretaña, y con María Tudor, a la que dejó viuda. Del segundo matrimonio tuvo dos hijas: la futura reina Claudia de Francia y Renata de Francia. (es) Louis XII (27 Juni 1462 – 1 Januari 1515), disebut "Bapak Rakyat" (bahasa Prancis: Le Père du Peuple), merupakan seorang Raja Prancis dan penguasa tunggal dari Valois-Orléans cabang Wangsa Valois. Ia memerintah dari tahun 1498 sampai 1515 dan mengejar kebijakan luar negeri dengan sangat aktif. (in) ルイ12世（フランス語: Louis XII, 1462年6月27日 - 1515年1月1日）は、ヴァロワ朝第8代のフランス王（在位：1498年 - 1515年）。シャルル6世の弟ルイ・ドルレアンの孫。 (ja) Luigi XII di Valois-Orléans, antonomasticamente definito "il Padre del Popolo" e conosciuto dai contemporanei in Italia prima come duca d'Orliens e poi come re Ludovico XII (in francese Louis XII le Père du Peuple; Blois, 27 giugno 1462 – Parigi, 1º gennaio 1515), fu signore di Baux, re di Francia dal 1498 al 1515, e re di Napoli come Luigi II. Egli fu l'unico membro del ramo dei Valois-Orléans a diventare re di Francia. (it) 루이 12세(프랑스어: Louis XII, 1462년 6월 27일 - 1515년 1월 1일)는 프랑스의 왕이다. 샤를 6세의 동생인 루이 1세 드 발루아의 손자이며, 아쟁쿠르 전투 이후 잉글랜드에서 25년을 보낸 샤를 도를레앙의 아들이다. (ko) Lodewijk XII (Blois, 27 juni 1462 – Parijs, 1 januari 1515) was koning van Frankrijk van 1498 tot aan zijn dood. Hij was de zoon van Karel van Orléans, en trouwde met Johanna, een dochter van Lodewijk XI. (nl) Ludwik XII (ur. 27 czerwca 1462 w Château de Blois, zm. 1 stycznia1515 w Paryżu) – książę Orleanu, później w latach 1498–1515 król Francji. Był wnukiem księcia Ludwika Orleańskiego (synem Karola Orleańskiego) i prawnukiem Karola V, z dynastii Walezjuszów. (pl) Людо́вик XII (фр. Louis XII), по прозвищу Отец народа (фр. le Père du peuple; 27 июня 1462 — 1 января 1515) — король Франции с 7 апреля 1498 года, Луиджи II как король Неаполя с 1 августа 1501 года. Из орлеанской ветви династии Валуа, сын герцога Карла Орлеанского. Основное событие его царствования — войны, которые Франция вела на территории Италии. (ru) Ludvig XII, fr. Louis XII, kallad ”folkets fader”, på franska le Père du Peuple, född 27 juni 1462, död 1 januari 1515, kung av Frankrike från 1498 och kung av Neapel 1501–1504. Ludvig XII var son till Karl, hertig av Orléans (som var sonson till Karl V av Frankrike) och Maria av Kleve. (sv) 路易十二（人民之父）Louis XII le Père du Peuple（1462年6月27日－1515年1月1日）法国瓦卢瓦王朝国王（1498年—1515年在位）。他属于该王朝的奥尔良支系。即位前的封号是奥尔良公爵（称路易二世，1465年起），瓦卢瓦公爵（也稱路易二世），那不勒斯國王（路易吉三世）。 (zh) Людови́к XII (27 червня 1462 — 1 січня 1515) — король Франції з династії Валуа. Правив між 1498 та 1515 роками. Син герцога Орлеанського Карла та Марії Клевської. (uk) Ludoviko la 12-a, reĝo de Francio, naskiĝis la 27-an de junio 1462 en la kastelo de Blois kaj mortis la 1-an de januaro 1515 en Parizo. Li estis kromnomita la patro de la popolo fare de la Ĝeneralaj Asembleoj (États Généraux) de 1506. Li reĝis de 1498 ĝis 1515. En 1498 li sekvis kiel reĝo de Francio sian kuzon Karlo la 8-a, kiu akcidente mortis lasante neniun infanon. (eo) Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515) was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed and brother in law at the time, Charles VIII, who died without direct heirs in 1498. Before his accession to the throne of France, he was known as Louis of Orléans and was compelled to be married to his disabled and supposedly sterile cousin Joan by his second cousin, King Louis XI. By doing so, Louis XI hoped to extinguish the Orléans cadet branch of the House of Valois. (en) Luís XII (Loir-et-Cher, 27 de junho de 1462 – Paris, 1 de janeiro de 1515) foi o Rei da França de 1498 até sua morte. Era filho de Carlos, Duque d'Orleães, e Maria de Cleves, sucedendo seu primo Carlos VIII que havia morrido sem deixar herdeiros. Órfão de pai aos três anos de idade, tornou-se Duque de Orleans, como Luis II; sendo tutelado pelo rei Luís XI, que lhe proporcionou uma severa educação, visto que naquela ocasião era o herdeiro presumido da Coroa (até 1470, quando nasceu o Delfim, futuro rei Carlos VIII). Luis XII foi coroado à 27 de maio de 1498, na Catedral de Reims. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Louis XII (en) لويس الثاني عشر (ar) Lluís XII de França (ca) Ludvík XII. (cs) Ludwig XII. (de) Λουδοβίκος ΙΒ΄ της Γαλλίας (el) Ludoviko la 12-a (Francio) (eo) Luis XII.a Frantziakoa (eu) Luis XII de Francia (es) Louis XII dari Prancis (in) Louis XII (fr) Luigi XII di Francia (it) 루이 12세 (ko) ルイ12世 (フランス王) (ja) Ludwik XII (pl) Lodewijk XII van Frankrijk (nl) Luís XII de França (pt) Людовик XII (ru) Ludvig XII av Frankrike (sv) 路易十二 (zh) Людовик XII (uk) |
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