Muhammad Abduh (original) (raw)
Muhammad Abdo (1849 – 11. července 1905, Káhira) byl egyptský islámský teolog, reformátor a publicista. Zakladatel egyptského islámského modernismu. Po neúspěšném pokusu zbavit se britské nadvlády v roce 1882 odešel do exilu v Paříži, kde vydával časopis Al-Urwa al-wuská, který podporoval snahy o samostatnost arabských národů.
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| dbo:abstract | Muhàmmad Àbduh (àrab: محمد عبده, Muḥammad ʿAbduh) (delta del Nil, 1849 - Alexandria, 11 de juliol de 1905) va ser un intel·lectual i teòleg egipci, jurista i reformador religiós, considerat el fundador del moviment modernista de l'islam. Va estudiar al Caire, on va ser influït pel pensament de Jamal-ad-Din al-Afghaní. Va fugir exiliat a París per radicalisme polític entre el període de 1882 i 1888; començant la seva carrera judicial a la seva tornada a Egipte. Va ascendir de jutge a Gran muftí d'Egipte el 1899. En el seu Tractat sobre la unicitat de Déu (Rissàlat at-Tawhid, 1888) argumenta que l'islam és superior al cristianisme perquè és més receptiu a la ciència i la civilització. Va liberalitzar la llei i l'administració islàmiques, promovent consideracions d'igualtat i benestar social, i de sentit comú. (ca) Muhammad Abdo (1849 – 11. července 1905, Káhira) byl egyptský islámský teolog, reformátor a publicista. Zakladatel egyptského islámského modernismu. Po neúspěšném pokusu zbavit se britské nadvlády v roce 1882 odešel do exilu v Paříži, kde vydával časopis Al-Urwa al-wuská, který podporoval snahy o samostatnost arabských národů. (cs) محمد عبده (1266 هـ – 1323 هـ / 1849م – 1905م)، مفكر وعالم دين وفقيه وقاضي وكاتب ومجدد إسلامي مصري، يعد أحد دعاة النهضة والإصلاح في العالم العربي والإسلامي ورمز للتجديد في الفقه الإسلامي، ساهم بعد التقائه بأستاذه جمال الدين الأفغاني في إنشاء حركة فكرية تجديدية إسلامية في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وبدايات القرن العشرين تهدف إلى القضاء على الجمود الفكري والحضاري وإعادة إحياء الأمة الإسلامية لتواكب متطلبات العصر. (ar) Muhammad Abduh, ägyptisch-arabisch Mohamed Abdou (arabisch محمد عبده Muḥammad ʿAbduh; * 1849 im Nildelta; † 11. Juli 1905 in Alexandria), war ein ägyptischer Journalist, Religions- und Rechtsgelehrter, der panislamische Ziele verfolgte und zu den wichtigsten Vertretern der islamischen Reform-Bewegung gehörte. Von 1899 bis 1905 bekleidete er das Amt des Großmufti von Ägypten. Sein wichtigster Beitrag zur islamischen Reformbewegung stellte die Vermittlung der Sicht auf den Islam als eine rationale Religion dar, die zu modernen Entwicklungen wie Wissenschaften und Technik keinesfalls im Widerspruch stehen müsse. (de) Muḥammad ʽAbduh (naskiĝis en 1849, Nildelto, mortis la 11-an de julio 1905, Aleksandrio) estis religia klerulo, juristo kaj liberala reformisto de Egiptio. Kiel studento en Kajro, li estis sub la influoj de Ĝamal al-Din al-Afghani. Li suferis ekzilon pro la politika radikalismo inter 1882 kaj 1888; komencante sian profesion je la reveno al Egiptio. Li estis konsiderata kiel Muĝadido de la 13a jarcento de la Islama kalendaro. (eo) Muḥammad Abduh (delta del Nilo, 1849-Alejandría, 11 de julio de 1905) fue un jurista, ulema y activista político egipcio que se esforzó por reducir la brecha entre el islam y Occidente. Promoviendo una concepción más moderna del islam, basada en el racionalismo, Abduh creía que las rígidas estructuras de la cultura islámica estaban frenando lo que esencialmente era una religión flexible y lógica. Considerado por algunos como un sabio que rejuveneció el islam y por otros como un renegado que fomentó su corrupción, el intento de Abduh por reconciliar las dos culturas sigue siendo hasta el día de hoy muy controvertido. Fue gran muftí de Egipto, además de miembro de varias logias masónicas. (es) Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, Arabic: محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, journalist, teacher, author, editor, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt. He was a central figure of the Arab Nahḍa and Islamic Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He began teaching advanced students esoteric Islamic texts at Al-Azhar University while he was still studying there. From 1877, with the status of ʿālim, he taught logic, theology, ethics, and politics. He was also made a professor of history at Dar al-ʿUlūm the following year, and of Arabic language and literature at Madrasat al-Alsun. ʿAbduh was a champion of the press and wrote prolifically in Al-Manār and Al-Ahram. He was made editor of Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya in 1880. He also authored Risālat at-Tawḥīd (Arabic: رسالة التوحيد; "The Theology of Unity") and a commentary on the Quran. He briefly published the pan-Islamist anti-colonial newspaper al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā alongside his mentor Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Afghānī. ʿAbduh joined Freemasonry and subscribed to various Masonic lodges alongside his mentor al-Afghānī and his other pupils, but eventually left the secret society in his later years. He was appointed as a judge in the Courts of First Instance of the Native Tribunals in 1888, a consultative member of the Court of Appeal in 1899, and he was appointed in 1899. (en) Muhammad Abduh (bahasa Arab: محمد عبده; lahir di Delta Nil (kini wilayah Mesir), 1849 – meninggal di Iskandariyah (kini wilayah Mesir), 11 Juli 1905 pada umur 55/56 tahun) adalah seorang pemikir muslim dari Mesir, dan salah satu penggagas gerakan modernisme Islam. Ia belajar tentang filsafat dan logika di Universitas Al-Azhar, Kairo, dan juga murid dari Jamaluddin al-Afghani, seorang filsuf dan pembaru yang mengusung gerakan Pan Islamisme untuk menentang penjajahan Eropa di negara-negara Asia dan Afrika. Muhammad Abduh diasingkan dari Mesir selama enam tahun sejak 1882, karena keterlibatannya dalam . Di Lebanon, Abduh sempat giat dalam mengembangkan sistem pendidikan Islam. Pada tahun 1884, ia pindah ke Paris, dan bersalam al-Afghani menerbitkan jurnal Islam The Firmest Bond. Salah satu karya Abduh yang terkenal adalah buku berjudul Risalah at-Tawhid yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1897. Pemikirannya banyak terinspirasi dari Ibnu Taimiyah, dan pemikirannya banyak menginspirasi organisasi Islam, salah satunya Muhammadiyah, karena ia berpendapat, Islam akan maju bila umatnya mau belajar, tidak hanya ilmu agama, tetapi juga ilmu sains. (in) Mohamed Abduh (aussi orthographié Muhammad 'Abduh ; en arabe : محمد عبده) (Mahallab al-Nasr, 1849 - Alexandrie, 11 juillet 1905) est un journaliste et théologien égyptien, fondateur avec Djemâl ad-Dîn al-Afghâni du mouvement moderniste islamique. Nommé Grand Mufti d'Égypte en 1899, il est considéré comme le père du mouvement réformiste égyptien. (fr) 무함마드 압두(Muhammad Abduh, 1849 – 1905년 7월 11일)는 이집트인 이슬람 학자, 프리메이슨, 저술가이다. 압두는 자말 압딘 알 아프가니와 더불어 범이슬람주의 반제국주의 저널 Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa를 출판했다. (ko) ムハンマド・アブドゥフ（アラビア語: محمد عبده、Mohammed Abduh、1849年 - 1905年7月11日）は、エジプト出身のウラマー（イスラーム法学者）でイスラーム改革思想家。アブドゥとも表記される。 イスラーム改革思想家アフガーニーの弟子であるアブドゥフは、ムハンマド・アリー朝の極端な西洋化政策を批判しつつも、西洋の技術を取り入れることとイスラームは矛盾しないと説いた。一方でイスラームの伝統に必要以上に固執する従来のウラマーの姿勢も批判し、イスラームが成立した当時の精神に立ち返って柔軟な法解釈（イジュティハード）を行うべきであるという主張を行った。 彼の唱えた近代的なイスラム主義は、中世のイスラム黄金時代のムゥタズィラ派に例えて、ネオ・ムゥタズィラ派とも呼ばれる。 (ja) Muhammad ʿAbduh (in arabo: محمد عبده; , 1849 – Alessandria d'Egitto, 11 luglio 1905) è stato un giurista, filosofo, teologo e muftī egiziano. Fu il fondatore con Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī del Riformismo islamico. (it) Mohammed Abdoe (of Muhammad 'Abduh) (Nijldelta, 1849 — Alexandrië, 11 juli 1905) was een Egyptische jurist, geestelijke en liberaal (islam)hervormer. (nl) Abduh Muhammad (ur. 1849, zm. 1905) – uczony islamski, prawnik i liberalny reformator pochodzący z Egiptu. Jako wielki mufti Egiptu, od 1899, zreformował prawo i szkolnictwo islamskie. Jest znany przede wszystkim jako autor Risālat al-tawḥīd. (pl) Muhammad Abduh född 1849 i Nildeltat i Egypten, död den 11 juli 1905 i Alexandria. Muhammad Abduh var en egyptisk jurist, religiöst lärd och liberal reformator. Han anses vara grundaren av islamisk modernism och en av föregångarna till den så kallade Neo-Mutazilismen. (sv) Muhammad Abduh foi um reformador e apologista muçulmano egípcio. Foi pupilo de al-Afghani. Embora profundamente influenciado por ele, envolvia-se menos com o activismo político, e mais com as reformas dos sistemas: religioso, legal e educativo. (pt) Муха́ммад А́бдо (Абду), также Муха́ммед А́бдо (араб. محمد عبده;1849—1905) — египетский общественный и , либеральный реформатор, считающийся основателем . Главный муфтий Египта (1899—1905). Ученик и соратник Джамал ад-дина аль-Афгани. Автор работ о реформах шариата, системы образования и т. д. (ru) Муха́ммед А́бдо (араб. محمد عبده; 1 січня 1849, — 11 липня 1905, Александрія) — єгипетський мислитель та суспільний діяч, основоположник течії (реформація ісламу), публіцист, учень і соратник . (uk) 穆罕默德·阿布都（英語：Muḥammad 'Abduh，阿拉伯语：محمد عبده，1849年？月？日－1905年7月11日），，生於埃及尼羅河三角洲，伊斯蘭法學家、學者與自由派改革者，他是伊斯蘭現代主義（Islamic Modernism）思潮的開創者之一。他放寬了傳統式嚴格的伊斯蘭儀式、信條與家庭關係。 (zh) |
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| dbp:deathPlace | Alexandria, Egypt, Ottoman Empire (en) |
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| dbp:nationality | Egyptian (en) |
| dbp:notableIdeas | dbr:Pan-Islamism dbr:Islamic_revival dbr:Education_reforms Islamic Modernism (en) |
| dbp:notableWorks | Risālat al-Tawḥīd (en) |
| dbp:occupation | Islamic scholar, jurist, and theologian (en) |
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| dbp:source | Muhammad ʿAbduh and Rashid Rida in al-Manār, June 1903, vol. 6/5, pages 196–200. (en) |
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| dbp:term | 1899 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:text | "There is no people in the world like the Israelites in their adherence to their sectarian affiliation and tribal fanaticism... Freemasonry is a secret political society that was formed in Europe - contrary to what they claim from their predecessors - to resist the tyranny of the heads of the world from kings, princes and heads of religion from the popes and priests who joined forces to enslave the masses and deprive them of the light of knowledge and freedom. The Jews and Christians agreed on its composition. Therefore, they made its symbols and signs extracted from the common book of Bible and attributed it to the builders of the Holy Temple, the Temple of Solomon , which is the Al-Aqsa Mosque... Since the organisation's founders and the leaders were non-Muslims, there were various matters in it that contradict Islam, and the one who joined it was vulnerable to violating his religion!.. When the French began occupying the East and saw the mood of Islamic sovereignty that fervently rejected participiating in their rule... They sought the assistance of Freemasons to weaken this mood... Freemasonry is one of the forms of kufr or a means to it. However, the Egyptians are quick to succumb to blind emulation; and that is why many of them joined this organisation." (en) |
| dbp:title | Grand Mufti of Egypt (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Muhammad Abdo (1849 – 11. července 1905, Káhira) byl egyptský islámský teolog, reformátor a publicista. Zakladatel egyptského islámského modernismu. Po neúspěšném pokusu zbavit se britské nadvlády v roce 1882 odešel do exilu v Paříži, kde vydával časopis Al-Urwa al-wuská, který podporoval snahy o samostatnost arabských národů. (cs) محمد عبده (1266 هـ – 1323 هـ / 1849م – 1905م)، مفكر وعالم دين وفقيه وقاضي وكاتب ومجدد إسلامي مصري، يعد أحد دعاة النهضة والإصلاح في العالم العربي والإسلامي ورمز للتجديد في الفقه الإسلامي، ساهم بعد التقائه بأستاذه جمال الدين الأفغاني في إنشاء حركة فكرية تجديدية إسلامية في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وبدايات القرن العشرين تهدف إلى القضاء على الجمود الفكري والحضاري وإعادة إحياء الأمة الإسلامية لتواكب متطلبات العصر. (ar) Muhammad Abduh, ägyptisch-arabisch Mohamed Abdou (arabisch محمد عبده Muḥammad ʿAbduh; * 1849 im Nildelta; † 11. Juli 1905 in Alexandria), war ein ägyptischer Journalist, Religions- und Rechtsgelehrter, der panislamische Ziele verfolgte und zu den wichtigsten Vertretern der islamischen Reform-Bewegung gehörte. Von 1899 bis 1905 bekleidete er das Amt des Großmufti von Ägypten. Sein wichtigster Beitrag zur islamischen Reformbewegung stellte die Vermittlung der Sicht auf den Islam als eine rationale Religion dar, die zu modernen Entwicklungen wie Wissenschaften und Technik keinesfalls im Widerspruch stehen müsse. (de) Muḥammad ʽAbduh (naskiĝis en 1849, Nildelto, mortis la 11-an de julio 1905, Aleksandrio) estis religia klerulo, juristo kaj liberala reformisto de Egiptio. Kiel studento en Kajro, li estis sub la influoj de Ĝamal al-Din al-Afghani. Li suferis ekzilon pro la politika radikalismo inter 1882 kaj 1888; komencante sian profesion je la reveno al Egiptio. Li estis konsiderata kiel Muĝadido de la 13a jarcento de la Islama kalendaro. (eo) Muḥammad Abduh (delta del Nilo, 1849-Alejandría, 11 de julio de 1905) fue un jurista, ulema y activista político egipcio que se esforzó por reducir la brecha entre el islam y Occidente. Promoviendo una concepción más moderna del islam, basada en el racionalismo, Abduh creía que las rígidas estructuras de la cultura islámica estaban frenando lo que esencialmente era una religión flexible y lógica. Considerado por algunos como un sabio que rejuveneció el islam y por otros como un renegado que fomentó su corrupción, el intento de Abduh por reconciliar las dos culturas sigue siendo hasta el día de hoy muy controvertido. Fue gran muftí de Egipto, además de miembro de varias logias masónicas. (es) Mohamed Abduh (aussi orthographié Muhammad 'Abduh ; en arabe : محمد عبده) (Mahallab al-Nasr, 1849 - Alexandrie, 11 juillet 1905) est un journaliste et théologien égyptien, fondateur avec Djemâl ad-Dîn al-Afghâni du mouvement moderniste islamique. Nommé Grand Mufti d'Égypte en 1899, il est considéré comme le père du mouvement réformiste égyptien. (fr) 무함마드 압두(Muhammad Abduh, 1849 – 1905년 7월 11일)는 이집트인 이슬람 학자, 프리메이슨, 저술가이다. 압두는 자말 압딘 알 아프가니와 더불어 범이슬람주의 반제국주의 저널 Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa를 출판했다. (ko) ムハンマド・アブドゥフ（アラビア語: محمد عبده、Mohammed Abduh、1849年 - 1905年7月11日）は、エジプト出身のウラマー（イスラーム法学者）でイスラーム改革思想家。アブドゥとも表記される。 イスラーム改革思想家アフガーニーの弟子であるアブドゥフは、ムハンマド・アリー朝の極端な西洋化政策を批判しつつも、西洋の技術を取り入れることとイスラームは矛盾しないと説いた。一方でイスラームの伝統に必要以上に固執する従来のウラマーの姿勢も批判し、イスラームが成立した当時の精神に立ち返って柔軟な法解釈（イジュティハード）を行うべきであるという主張を行った。 彼の唱えた近代的なイスラム主義は、中世のイスラム黄金時代のムゥタズィラ派に例えて、ネオ・ムゥタズィラ派とも呼ばれる。 (ja) Muhammad ʿAbduh (in arabo: محمد عبده; , 1849 – Alessandria d'Egitto, 11 luglio 1905) è stato un giurista, filosofo, teologo e muftī egiziano. Fu il fondatore con Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī del Riformismo islamico. (it) Mohammed Abdoe (of Muhammad 'Abduh) (Nijldelta, 1849 — Alexandrië, 11 juli 1905) was een Egyptische jurist, geestelijke en liberaal (islam)hervormer. (nl) Abduh Muhammad (ur. 1849, zm. 1905) – uczony islamski, prawnik i liberalny reformator pochodzący z Egiptu. Jako wielki mufti Egiptu, od 1899, zreformował prawo i szkolnictwo islamskie. Jest znany przede wszystkim jako autor Risālat al-tawḥīd. (pl) Muhammad Abduh född 1849 i Nildeltat i Egypten, död den 11 juli 1905 i Alexandria. Muhammad Abduh var en egyptisk jurist, religiöst lärd och liberal reformator. Han anses vara grundaren av islamisk modernism och en av föregångarna till den så kallade Neo-Mutazilismen. (sv) Muhammad Abduh foi um reformador e apologista muçulmano egípcio. Foi pupilo de al-Afghani. Embora profundamente influenciado por ele, envolvia-se menos com o activismo político, e mais com as reformas dos sistemas: religioso, legal e educativo. (pt) Муха́ммад А́бдо (Абду), также Муха́ммед А́бдо (араб. محمد عبده;1849—1905) — египетский общественный и , либеральный реформатор, считающийся основателем . Главный муфтий Египта (1899—1905). Ученик и соратник Джамал ад-дина аль-Афгани. Автор работ о реформах шариата, системы образования и т. д. (ru) Муха́ммед А́бдо (араб. محمد عبده; 1 січня 1849, — 11 липня 1905, Александрія) — єгипетський мислитель та суспільний діяч, основоположник течії (реформація ісламу), публіцист, учень і соратник . (uk) 穆罕默德·阿布都（英語：Muḥammad 'Abduh，阿拉伯语：محمد عبده，1849年？月？日－1905年7月11日），，生於埃及尼羅河三角洲，伊斯蘭法學家、學者與自由派改革者，他是伊斯蘭現代主義（Islamic Modernism）思潮的開創者之一。他放寬了傳統式嚴格的伊斯蘭儀式、信條與家庭關係。 (zh) Muhàmmad Àbduh (àrab: محمد عبده, Muḥammad ʿAbduh) (delta del Nil, 1849 - Alexandria, 11 de juliol de 1905) va ser un intel·lectual i teòleg egipci, jurista i reformador religiós, considerat el fundador del moviment modernista de l'islam. Va estudiar al Caire, on va ser influït pel pensament de Jamal-ad-Din al-Afghaní. Va fugir exiliat a París per radicalisme polític entre el període de 1882 i 1888; començant la seva carrera judicial a la seva tornada a Egipte. (ca) Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, Arabic: محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, journalist, teacher, author, editor, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt. He was a central figure of the Arab Nahḍa and Islamic Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (en) Muhammad Abduh (bahasa Arab: محمد عبده; lahir di Delta Nil (kini wilayah Mesir), 1849 – meninggal di Iskandariyah (kini wilayah Mesir), 11 Juli 1905 pada umur 55/56 tahun) adalah seorang pemikir muslim dari Mesir, dan salah satu penggagas gerakan modernisme Islam. Ia belajar tentang filsafat dan logika di Universitas Al-Azhar, Kairo, dan juga murid dari Jamaluddin al-Afghani, seorang filsuf dan pembaru yang mengusung gerakan Pan Islamisme untuk menentang penjajahan Eropa di negara-negara Asia dan Afrika. (in) |
| rdfs:label | محمد عبده (ar) Muhàmmad Àbduh (ca) Muhammad Abdo (cs) Muhammad Abduh (de) Muhammad Abduh (eo) Muhammad Abduh (es) Muhammad Abduh (in) Mohamed Abduh (fr) Muhammad Abduh (it) 무함마드 압두 (ko) Muhammad Abduh (en) ムハンマド・アブドゥフ (ja) Mohammed Abdoe (nl) Muhammad Abduh (pl) Muhammad Abduh (pt) Muhammad Abduh (sv) Абдо, Мухаммад (ru) Мухаммед Абдо (uk) 穆罕默德·阿布都 (zh) |
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