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إن مفهوم الاكتشاف المتعدد (المعروف أيضاً باسم الاختراع المتزامن)(بالإنجليزية: Multiple discovery) هو الفرضية القائلة بأن معظم الاكتشافات والاختراعات العلميّة يتمّ إجراؤها بشكل مستقل وبوقت أكثر أو أقلّ ومن قبل العديد من العلماء والمخترعين. يعارض مفهوم الاكتشافات المتعدّدة وجهة النظر التقليديّة -النظريّة البطوليّة- للاختراع والاكتشاف. (ar) The concept of multiple discovery (also known as simultaneous invention) is the hypothesis that most scientific discoveries and inventions are made independently and more or less simultaneously by multiple scientists and inventors. The concept of multiple discovery opposes a traditional view—the "heroic theory" of invention and discovery. Multiple discovery is analogous to convergent evolution in biological evolution. (en) Una scoperta indipendente è una scoperta fatta simultaneamente o anche in tempi diversi ma ravvicinati da due o più ricercatori o gruppi di ricercatori: il termine è in particolare usato in astronomia. In alcuni ambiti, come quello dello sviluppo delle tecniche di fotografia (al riguardo si può leggere la vicenda di Hippolyte Bayard) viene anche usato il termine "poligenesi creativa". Una scoperta scientifica viene attribuita, di norma, al primo ricercatore o gruppo di ricerca che la pubblica. Una scoperta è attribuibile a più scopritori solamente se le rispettive richieste di pubblicazione sono state inoltrate prima della prima effettiva pubblicazione della scoperta in oggetto. Esistono molti casi famosi di scoperte indipendenti. Uno dei più celebri è la formulazione della teoria dell'evoluzione, elaborata da Alfred Russel Wallace anni prima di Charles Darwin: Wallace non volle mai rivendicare la priorità della scoperta e lasciò a Darwin il merito per la formulazione della teoria. (it) Множественное открытие — это гипотеза о том, что большинство научных исследований и изобретений делаются независимо и более или менее одновременно несколькими учёными и изобретателями. Понятие множественного открытия противоположно традиционному взгляду — . (ru) |
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Apperceptual: The Heroic Theory of Scientific Development (en) |
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إن مفهوم الاكتشاف المتعدد (المعروف أيضاً باسم الاختراع المتزامن)(بالإنجليزية: Multiple discovery) هو الفرضية القائلة بأن معظم الاكتشافات والاختراعات العلميّة يتمّ إجراؤها بشكل مستقل وبوقت أكثر أو أقلّ ومن قبل العديد من العلماء والمخترعين. يعارض مفهوم الاكتشافات المتعدّدة وجهة النظر التقليديّة -النظريّة البطوليّة- للاختراع والاكتشاف. (ar) The concept of multiple discovery (also known as simultaneous invention) is the hypothesis that most scientific discoveries and inventions are made independently and more or less simultaneously by multiple scientists and inventors. The concept of multiple discovery opposes a traditional view—the "heroic theory" of invention and discovery. Multiple discovery is analogous to convergent evolution in biological evolution. (en) Множественное открытие — это гипотеза о том, что большинство научных исследований и изобретений делаются независимо и более или менее одновременно несколькими учёными и изобретателями. Понятие множественного открытия противоположно традиционному взгляду — . (ru) Una scoperta indipendente è una scoperta fatta simultaneamente o anche in tempi diversi ma ravvicinati da due o più ricercatori o gruppi di ricercatori: il termine è in particolare usato in astronomia. In alcuni ambiti, come quello dello sviluppo delle tecniche di fotografia (al riguardo si può leggere la vicenda di Hippolyte Bayard) viene anche usato il termine "poligenesi creativa". (it) |
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اكتشاف متعدد (ar) Scoperta indipendente (it) Multiple discovery (en) Множественное открытие (ru) |
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