Prenasalized consonant (original) (raw)
Prenasalitzada és l'articulació del so consonàntic en la qual s'uneixen una oclusiva o una fricativa amb un so nasal anteposat, formant una unitat fonètica. En determinades llengües té valor fonemàtic. Les consonants prenasalitzades són molt freqüents en les llengües bantus, les llengües oceàniques i en certes llengües de l'Àsia.
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| dbo:abstract | Prenasalitzada és l'articulació del so consonàntic en la qual s'uneixen una oclusiva o una fricativa amb un so nasal anteposat, formant una unitat fonètica. En determinades llengües té valor fonemàtic. Les consonants prenasalitzades són molt freqüents en les llengües bantus, les llengües oceàniques i en certes llengües de l'Àsia. (ca) Las consonantes prenasalizadas son secuencias fonéticas de una consonante nasal y una oclusiva (o una consonante no nasal sonora) que se comportan fonológicamente como una sola consonante. La razón primaria para considerarlas como consonantes solas, más que grupos, se relaciona con su papel en el habla. Sin embargo, también puede haber repertorios fonéticos en algunas lenguas que distinguen consonantes prenasalizadas de grupos consonánticos. Debido a su dificultad tanto en articulación como en ritmo, las fricativas y sonoras prenasalizadas no son tan comunes como las africadas y oclusivas prenasalizadas. (es) Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent (or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant such as [ɺ]) that behave phonologically like single consonants. The primary reason for considering them to be single consonants, rather than clusters as in English finger or member, lies in their behaviour; however, there may also be phonetic correlates which distinguish prenasalized consonants from clusters. Because of the additional difficulty in both articulation and timing, prenasalized fricatives and sonorants are not as common as prenasalized stops or affricates, and the presence of the former implies the latter. In most languages, when a prenasalized consonant is described as "voiceless", it is only the oral portion that is voiceless, and the nasal portion is modally voiced. Thus, a language may have "voiced" [ᵐb ⁿd ᶯɖ ᶮɟ ᵑɡ] and "voiceless" [ᵐp ⁿt ᶯʈ ᶮc ᵑk]. However, in some Southern Min (including Taiwanese) dialects, voiced consonants are preceded by voiceless prenasalization: [ᵐ̥b ⁿ̥d ⁿ̥ɺ ᵑ̊ɡ]. Yeyi has prenasalized ejectives. Adzera has a /ⁿʔ/. Prenasalized stops may be distinguished from post-stopped nasals (orally released nasals), such as the /mᵇ nᵈ ɲᶡ ŋᶢ/ of Acehnese and similar sounds (including voiceless /mᵖ/) in many dialects of Chinese. (At least in the Chinese case, nasalization, in some dialects, continues in a reduced degree to the vowel, indicating that the consonant is partially denasalized, rather than actually having an oral release.) No language is believed to contrast the two types of consonant, which are distinguished primarily by a difference in timing (a brief nasal followed by longer stop, as opposed to a longer nasal followed by brief stop). (en) La prénasalisation de consonne occlusive ou de consonne fricative est un phénomène phonétique qui modifie une consonne en la précédant d'une consonne nasale tout en créant une seule consonne phonologique. (fr) 선비음화 자음(先鼻音化子音, 영어: prenasalized consonant)은 음성학적인 비음과 장애음 연쇄가 음운론적으로 하나의 자음처럼 행동하는 것을 가리킨다. 선비음화 자음을 두 자음의 연쇄가 아니라 하나의 자음으로 취급하는 이유는 주로 이 소리들의 음운론적 행동 때문이지만, 어떤 경우에는 선비음화 자음과 단순한 연쇄를 구분하는 음성학적 근거가 존재하기도 한다. 선비음화 마찰음은 선비음화 파열음·파찰음에 비해 조음하기 어려우므로 보다 드물고, 전자가 존재하는 언어에는 후자도 존재한다. 대부분의 언어에서, 선비음화 자음이 ‘무성음’이라고 하는 경우 구강음 부분만이 무성음이고 비음 부분은 유성음이다. 예를 들어 어떤 언어에는 ‘유성’ 선비음화 자음 [ᵐb ⁿd ᶯɖ ᶮɟ ᵑɡ]와 ‘무성’ 선비음화 자음 [ᵐp ⁿt ᶯʈ ᶮc ᵑk]이 존재할 수 있다. 그러나 일부 민난어 방언에서는 유성 장애음이 무성 선비음화를 받기도 한다. 이러한 소리는 [ᵐ̥b ⁿ̥d ⁿ̥ɺ ᵑ̊ɡ]로 표기하기도 한다. 선비음화 파열음과 구별되는 개념으로 후파열음화 비음(後破裂音化鼻音, 영어: post-stopped nasal)을 상정하기도 한다. 이는 구강 개방되는 비음을 가리키며 아체어의 /mᵇ nᵈ ɲᶡ ŋᶢ/와 같은 소리나 그와 비슷한 여러 중국어 방언의 소리들이 그 예이다. (그러나 어떤 중국어 방언의 경우, 후행 모음까지 비음화가 이어지는 점으로 보아 이들 비음은 구강 개방된다기보다는 부분적으로 탈비음화된다고 보는 쪽이 적절하다.) 지금까지 알려진 바로는 선비음화 파열음과 후파열음화 비음이 대립하는 언어는 없다. 둘 사이의 차이는 비음과 장애음의 상대적 길이에 있다. 전자는 짧은 비음 뒤에 긴 장애음이 오고, 후자는 긴 비음 뒤에 짧은 장애음이 오는 것이다. (ko) La prenasalizzazione delle consonanti occlusive o delle fricative è un fenomeno fonetico che modifica una consonante facendola precedere da una consonante nasale e creando così una sola consonante fonologica. (it) 前鼻音化（ぜんびおんか、英語: prenasalized）とは、子音の入りわたりに同器官的な鼻音が加えられることをいう。 国際音声記号ではしばしば上付きの記号を用いて、[ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ]のように表記されるが、紛らわしくない場合には単に[mb, nd, ŋɡ]のように書かれる。短音記号を用いて[m̆b, n̆d, ŋ̆ɡ]と書くこともある。 (ja) Преназализованные согласные — согласные звуки человеческой речи. Представляют собой последовательности из носового согласного (обычно сонанта) и ротового согласного (обычно шумного, реже неносового сонанта), которые ведут себя как один звук. Причина объединения двух звуков в один заключается в их поведении, хотя существует классификация, разделяющая преназализованные согласные и кластеры с носовыми согласными. Из-за сложности артикуляции преназализованные спиранты и сонанты не так часто встречаются в языках мира, как преназализованные взрывные. (ru) 前鼻化辅音是指一个鼻音和一个阻礙音聽起來像是一個单一辅音。包括彝语北部方言和納西語在內的緬彝語群的彝語支語言很多都有前鼻化辅音這一現象。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Prenasalitzada és l'articulació del so consonàntic en la qual s'uneixen una oclusiva o una fricativa amb un so nasal anteposat, formant una unitat fonètica. En determinades llengües té valor fonemàtic. Les consonants prenasalitzades són molt freqüents en les llengües bantus, les llengües oceàniques i en certes llengües de l'Àsia. (ca) Las consonantes prenasalizadas son secuencias fonéticas de una consonante nasal y una oclusiva (o una consonante no nasal sonora) que se comportan fonológicamente como una sola consonante. La razón primaria para considerarlas como consonantes solas, más que grupos, se relaciona con su papel en el habla. Sin embargo, también puede haber repertorios fonéticos en algunas lenguas que distinguen consonantes prenasalizadas de grupos consonánticos. Debido a su dificultad tanto en articulación como en ritmo, las fricativas y sonoras prenasalizadas no son tan comunes como las africadas y oclusivas prenasalizadas. (es) La prénasalisation de consonne occlusive ou de consonne fricative est un phénomène phonétique qui modifie une consonne en la précédant d'une consonne nasale tout en créant une seule consonne phonologique. (fr) La prenasalizzazione delle consonanti occlusive o delle fricative è un fenomeno fonetico che modifica una consonante facendola precedere da una consonante nasale e creando così una sola consonante fonologica. (it) 前鼻音化（ぜんびおんか、英語: prenasalized）とは、子音の入りわたりに同器官的な鼻音が加えられることをいう。 国際音声記号ではしばしば上付きの記号を用いて、[ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ]のように表記されるが、紛らわしくない場合には単に[mb, nd, ŋɡ]のように書かれる。短音記号を用いて[m̆b, n̆d, ŋ̆ɡ]と書くこともある。 (ja) Преназализованные согласные — согласные звуки человеческой речи. Представляют собой последовательности из носового согласного (обычно сонанта) и ротового согласного (обычно шумного, реже неносового сонанта), которые ведут себя как один звук. Причина объединения двух звуков в один заключается в их поведении, хотя существует классификация, разделяющая преназализованные согласные и кластеры с носовыми согласными. Из-за сложности артикуляции преназализованные спиранты и сонанты не так часто встречаются в языках мира, как преназализованные взрывные. (ru) 前鼻化辅音是指一个鼻音和一个阻礙音聽起來像是一個单一辅音。包括彝语北部方言和納西語在內的緬彝語群的彝語支語言很多都有前鼻化辅音這一現象。 (zh) Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent (or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant such as [ɺ]) that behave phonologically like single consonants. The primary reason for considering them to be single consonants, rather than clusters as in English finger or member, lies in their behaviour; however, there may also be phonetic correlates which distinguish prenasalized consonants from clusters. Because of the additional difficulty in both articulation and timing, prenasalized fricatives and sonorants are not as common as prenasalized stops or affricates, and the presence of the former implies the latter. (en) 선비음화 자음(先鼻音化子音, 영어: prenasalized consonant)은 음성학적인 비음과 장애음 연쇄가 음운론적으로 하나의 자음처럼 행동하는 것을 가리킨다. 선비음화 자음을 두 자음의 연쇄가 아니라 하나의 자음으로 취급하는 이유는 주로 이 소리들의 음운론적 행동 때문이지만, 어떤 경우에는 선비음화 자음과 단순한 연쇄를 구분하는 음성학적 근거가 존재하기도 한다. 선비음화 마찰음은 선비음화 파열음·파찰음에 비해 조음하기 어려우므로 보다 드물고, 전자가 존재하는 언어에는 후자도 존재한다. 대부분의 언어에서, 선비음화 자음이 ‘무성음’이라고 하는 경우 구강음 부분만이 무성음이고 비음 부분은 유성음이다. 예를 들어 어떤 언어에는 ‘유성’ 선비음화 자음 [ᵐb ⁿd ᶯɖ ᶮɟ ᵑɡ]와 ‘무성’ 선비음화 자음 [ᵐp ⁿt ᶯʈ ᶮc ᵑk]이 존재할 수 있다. 그러나 일부 민난어 방언에서는 유성 장애음이 무성 선비음화를 받기도 한다. 이러한 소리는 [ᵐ̥b ⁿ̥d ⁿ̥ɺ ᵑ̊ɡ]로 표기하기도 한다. (ko) |
| rdfs:label | Prenasalitzada (ca) Pränasalierung (de) Consonante prenasalizada (es) Prenasalizzazione (it) Prénasalisation (fr) 前鼻音化 (ja) 선비음화 자음 (ko) Prenasalized consonant (en) Преназализованные согласные (ru) 前鼻化辅音 (zh) |
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