House of Stuart (original) (raw)
La dinastia Estuard neix d'una família d'origen bretó i escocès. Regnaren a Escòcia durant 343 anys (1371-1714) i a Anglaterra durant un període d'uns cent anys. En anglès el llinatge s'escriu Stuart , com en francès (o Stewart). A Escòcia s'escriu Stewart i es pronuncia «Sturt». Els Estuards han gaudit de nombrosos títols al llarg de la història com , , , ducs d'Albany o .
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| dbo:abstract | La dinastia Estuard neix d'una família d'origen bretó i escocès. Regnaren a Escòcia durant 343 anys (1371-1714) i a Anglaterra durant un període d'uns cent anys. En anglès el llinatge s'escriu Stuart , com en francès (o Stewart). A Escòcia s'escriu Stewart i es pronuncia «Sturt». Els Estuards han gaudit de nombrosos títols al llarg de la història com , , , ducs d'Albany o . (ca) الستيوارت (Stuart): أسرة من أصول بريتانية-اسكتلندية (نسبة لمقاطعة بريتاني في فرنسا) حكمت في اسكتلندا ثم بريطانيا سنوات منذ 1371 وحتى 1714 م. المقر: إدنبره ثم لندن. (ar) Dynastie Stuartovců byl královský rod vládnoucí ve Skotsku (1371–1707), Anglii (1603–1707) a posléze ve Velké Británii (1707–1714). Stuartovci byli jednou z nejstarších dynastií Evropy. Jejich počátky sahají do 11. století, kdy Walter, syn normanského rytíře Alana Fitzflaalda, přijel do Skotska do služby ke králi Davidovi I. Walter byl obratný politik, a když umíral, zanechal po sobě obrovský majetek a dědičný titul stewarda. (cs) Ο Οίκος των Στιούαρτ (αγγλικά: House of Stuart, εξ αρχής: Stewart, γαελικά: Stiùbhart) είναι ένας σημαντικός ευρωπαϊκός βασιλικός οίκος. Ιδρύθηκε από τον Ροβέρτο Β΄ της Σκωτίας. Οι Στιούαρτ πρώτα έγιναν μονάρχες του Βασιλείου της Σκωτίας κατά την διάρκεια του 14ου αιώνα. Οι απευθείας απόγονοί τους (από την Βρετάνη) έφεραν τον τίτλο του Υψηλού Επιτρόπου της Σκωτίας. Η δυναστεία κληρονόμησε ακόμη περισσότερο έδαφος τον 17ο αιώνα, το οποίο κάλυπτε ολόκληρες τις Βρετανικές Νήσους, περιλαμβάνοντας το Βασίλειο της Αγγλίας και το Βασίλειο της Ιρλανδίας, διατηρώντας επίσης τις διεκδικήσεις στο Βασίλειο της Γαλλίας. Συνολικά, εννέα μονάρχες Στιούαρτ κυβέρνησαν μόνο τη Σκωτία από το 1371 έως το 1603. Το 1603 έγινε μία Ένωση των Στεμμάτων υπό τον Ιάκωβο ΣΤ΄ της Σκωτίας και Α΄ της Αγγλίας, ο οποίος έγινε ο πρεσβύτερος διεκδικητής από γενεαλογικής άποψης του συνόλου των κτήσεων του εκλιπόντος Οίκου των Τυδόρ. Έτσι υπήρξαν έξι μονάρχες Στιούαρτ, που κυβέρνησαν την Αγγλία και τη Σκωτία καθώς και την Ιρλανδία (αν και η εποχή των Στιούαρτ διακόπηκε από μία μεσοβασιλεία, που διήρκεσε την περίοδο 1649-1660, ως αποτέλεσμα του Αγγλικού Εμφυλίου Πολέμου). Επιπλέον με την ίδρυση του Βασιλείου της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας μετά από τους Νόμους της Ένωσης, οι οποίοι ένωσαν πολιτικά την Αγγλία και τη Σκωτία, ο πρώτος μονάρχης ήταν η Άννα της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας. Παρ' όλα αυτά, πέθανε χωρίς απογόνους και όλες οι κτήσεις πέρασαν στον Οίκο του Ανόβερου, υπό τους όρους του Νόμου της Διευθέτησης. Κατά την βασιλεία των Στιούαρτ, η Σκωτία εξελίχθηκε από μία σχετικά φτωχή και φεουδαλική χώρα σε ένα ευημερούν, τελείως σύγχρονο και συγκεντρωτικό κράτος. Κυβέρνησαν κατά την διάρκεια μίας εποχής μεταβολής από τον Μεσαίωνα στην Αναγέννηση. Μονάρχες, όπως ο Ιάκωβος Δ΄, έγιναν γνωστοί για την προστασία εκπροσώπων της Αναγέννησης στον Βορρά, όπως ο ποιητής Ρόμπερτ Χένρισον. Αφού οι Στιούαρτ πήραν τον έλεγχο όλης της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας, οι τέχνες και οι επιστήμες συνέχισαν να αναπτύσσονται. Τα γνωστότερα έργα του Ουίλλιαμ Σαίξπηρ παραγγέλθηκαν την Ιακωβιανή εποχή, ενώ ιδρύματα, όπως η Βασιλική Εταιρεία και το Βασιλικό Ταχυδρομείο, ιδρύθηκαν κατά τη βασιλεία τού Καρόλου Β΄. (el) Stuart ist ein Vorname und Familienname. (de) La domo de Stuarto aŭ Stewart estis reĝa dinastio, kiu unue regis la skotan reĝlandon, antaŭ ol cetere fariĝi la reĝa dinastio de Anglio kaj finfine Britio. (eo) Das Haus Stewart (auch Clan Stewart) ist eine schottische Adelsfamilie. Die Hauptlinie der Familie stellte von 1371 bis 1587 die Könige von Schottland. Danach fiel die schottische Krone durch Ehe an eine Nebenlinie desselben Hauses, die Haus Stuart genannt wurde und ab 1603 in Personalunion auch die Könige von England und Irland stellte. Das königliche Haus Stuart wurde 1714 durch das Haus Hannover auf dem britischen Thron abgelöst und starb 1807 im Mannesstamm aus. Ältere Seitenlinien und Bastardlinien existieren bis heute. (de) Estuardo etxea (ingelesez Stuart edo Stewart) 1371 eta 1693 bitartean Eskoziako erregetzan egon zen dinastia edo familia izan zen. 1603tik aurrera baita Ingalaterran ere Jakue I.aren eskutik. Etxe honen arbasoak Fitzalan leinua dira, Bretainiakoa, eta XII. mendean heldu ziren, Dabid I.a eskoziarren erregeak Europa kontinentaleko beste familia batzuekin batera (Bruce, Douglas, Giffard...) Eskoziara gonbidatuta eta, haiekin batera, burguak, monasterioak eta lurrak populatzeko herritar anglosaxoiak heldu ziren Eskozia hego eta ekialdera. Egungo Renfrewshiren finkatu ziren. Normandiarren frantses kultura eta hizkuntza ekarri zituzten aldean, eskoziar eliteak imitatzen saiatu zirenak. Dabid erregeak bere oinordekoentzat Eskoziako Zerbitzari Nagusia titulua sortu zuen, High Steward of Scotland, luze gabe leinuaren izen bilakatua: gurean Estuardo adierazitakoa. Ingalaterrarekin izandako harremanen eta gerren ondorioz, Estuardotarrek hango ohituren eragina ezarri zuten gortean. Jakue IV.ak, artean, bazekien gaelikoz hitz egiten, baina ez Ingalaterrako oinordeko ere bilakatutako Jakue V.ak, umetan errege bilakatuak. Harekin batera, Eskozia-Ingalaterra uztartuta geratu ziren Estuardo etxearen eskutik. Horrek, baina, areagotu egin zituen liskarrak Ingalaterrako manera elitista eta ohitura urrunak hartutako erregeen eta eskoziar jaun eta tradizioen artean, baita borroka biziak piztu ere, erlijioari lotuta. Jakue VI.a Ingalaterrako I.a bilakatu zen. Ingalaterrako dinastiaren lehenbiziko garaia 1649an Errepublika aldarrikatu zen arteraino luzatu zen. Hamarkada baten ondoren Estuardotarrak monarkiara itzuli eta 1689. urte arte mantendu ziren, urte honetan Jakue II.a Ingalaterrakoa erregetzatik kendu eta bere ordez Gilen III.a Orangekoa jarri zuten. Hau hil ostean, bere ordez Estuardo dinastiako azken monarka ipini zen: Ana I.a Britainia Handikoa, erregina honek 1714. urterarte Britainia Handia eta Irlandako lehenbiziko monarka bilakatzea lortu zuelarik. Azken erregina hau ondorengorik gabe hil zenean, bere senitarteko hurbila zen Jurgi I.a Britainia Handikoa errege bilakatu zen, honenbestez erregetzan ezarri zen. (eu) The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fitz Alan (c. 1150). The name Stewart and variations had become established as a family name by the time of his grandson Walter Stewart. The first monarch of the Stewart line was Robert II, whose male-line descendants were kings and queens in Scotland from 1371, and of England and Great Britain from 1603, until 1714. Mary, Queen of Scots, was brought up in France where she adopted the French spelling of the name Stuart. In 1503, James IV married Margaret Tudor, thus linking the royal houses of Scotland and England. Elizabeth I of England died without issue in 1603, and James IV's great-grandson (and Mary's only son) James VI of Scotland succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I in the Union of the Crowns. The Stuarts were monarchs of Britain and Ireland and its growing empire until the death of Queen Anne in 1714, except for the period of the Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660. In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603, the last of whom was James VI, before his accession in England. Two Stuart queens ruled the isles following the Glorious Revolution in 1688: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife Anne Hyde and the great-grandchildren of James VI and I. Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688, who was to be brought up as a Roman Catholic; so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689, in favour of his daughters. However, neither daughter had any children who survived to adulthood, so the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714 under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704. After the loss of the throne, the descendants of James VII and II came to be known as the Jacobites and continued for several generations to attempt to reclaim the Scottish and English (and later British) throne as the rightful heirs, though since the early 19th century there have been no more active claimants from the Stuart family. The current Jacobite heir to the claims of the historical Stuart monarchs is Franz, Duke of Bavaria, of the House of Wittelsbach. The senior living member of the royal Stewart family, descended in a legitimate male line from Robert II of Scotland, is Arthur Stuart, 8th Earl Castle Stewart. (en) La Casa de Estuardo (Stuart o Stewart, en inglés) fue la dinastía reinante en Escocia desde 1371 hasta 1603 y desde entonces en el conjunto formado por ésta con Inglaterra e Irlanda hasta 1714, exceptuando el periodo de la República (1649-1660). El primer período de la dinastía abarcó hasta la proclamación de la República (1649). Después de una década regresaría la monarquía de los Estuardo. En 1689 Jacobo II fue depuesto y reemplazado revolucionariamente por su hija María II y el esposo de esta Guillermo III de Orange. A la muerte de ella en 1694 Guillermo III continuó gobernando en solitario y tras su muerte en 1702 subió al trono la última Estuardo, Ana I, que se convirtió en la primera reina de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda hasta 1714. Al fallecer sin descendencia directa la sucedió su pariente lejano Jorge I, instalándose así la Casa de Hannover. (es) La dynastie Stuart (à l'origine écrit Stewart) règne sur l'Écosse entre 1371 et 1714, et sur l'Angleterre, l'Irlande et le pays de Galles entre 1603 et 1714. Ils sont écartés du trône après le décès d'Anne de Grande-Bretagne et l'avènement de George de Hanovre en vertu de l'Acte d'Établissement. (fr) Wangsa Stuart ialah serangkaian raja dan ratu di Inggris. Dinasti Tudor berakhir saat Ratu Elizabeth I mangkat. Ia tidak mencalonkan seorang pun sebagai penguasa setelah kematiannya, maka putra sepupunyalah yang menggantikannya. Ia menjadi James I dari Inggris, dan memulai Dinasti Stuart. Inilah penguasa dinasti Stuart: * James I (1603—1625), juga dari 1567 Raja James VI dari Skotlandia. * Charles I (1625—1649), juga Raja Skotlandia * Charles II (1660—1685), juga Raja Skotlandia * James II (1685—1688) (didepak, meninggal 1701), juga Raja James VII dari Skotlandia * William III (1689—1702) dan Mary II (1689—1694), sebagai ko-penguasa, juga Raja dan Ratu Skotlandia * Anne (1702—1714), meski tahta Inggris digantikan dengan tahta Kerajaan Britania Raya pada 1707. * l * * s (in) Il casato degli Steward o Stewart è stata la casa reale della Scozia e successivamente della Gran Bretagna. Il casato era di origine bretone. Il cognome, alle volte, quando portato dalle donne, veniva italianizzato in Stuarda, come nel caso di Maria Stuarda. Il casato regnò sul Regno di Scozia per 336 anni, tra il 1371 e il 1707. Dopo la morte di Elisabetta I d'Inghilterra, l'ultima monarca della dinastia Tudor, il casato degli Stuart le succedette sui troni di Inghilterra e Irlanda. Tra il 1603 e il 1707 gli Stuart furono i regnanti sui tre regni di Scozia, Inghilterra e Irlanda con la formula dell'unione dinastica. In seguito il loro posto come famiglia reale venne preso dagli Hannover. Diversi membri di vari rami cadetti o illegittimi sono presenti ancora oggi. (it) ステュアート朝（Stuart dynasty または Stewart dynasty）は、1371年から1714年まで続いたスコットランド起源の王朝。1603年以後はイングランド国王を兼ねて同君連合体制となり、1707年にグレートブリテン王国（イギリス）を成立させた。「ステュアート」は、スコットランド語の宮宰（Steward of Scotland）に由来する。メアリー女王のとき綴りをStewartからStuartに改めた。 (ja) 스튜어트 왕가(House of Stuart)는 14세기부터 스코틀랜드의 왕실이었고 17세기부터는 영국의 왕실이다. 스코틀랜드의 최고궁내관직(Steward)의 별칭인 Stewart/Stuart에서 가문의 명칭이 유래한다. 1603년 튜더 왕가의 엘리자베스 1세가 죽자, 후사(後嗣)가 없어 스코틀랜드 왕 제임스 6세가 헨리 7세의 후예(後裔)라는 이유로 즉위하여, 제임스 1세라 칭한 이래 6대를 계속하였다. (ko) Het huis Stuart was een Brits adellijk huis afkomstig uit Schotland. De dynastie verenigde Engeland en Schotland tot één koninkrijk, en regeerde daarnaast ook over Ierland. (nl) Stewart lub Stuart – dynastia władców Szkocji od 1371 r., potem także Anglii od 1603 r. (pl) Стю́арты (первоначально гэльск. Stiùbhairt, англ. Steward, Stewart, с XVI века установилось офранцуженное написание англ. Stuart) — династия королей Шотландии (в 1371—1651, 1660—1707 годах), Англии (в 1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1707 годы), Ирландии (в 1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1714 годах) и Великобритании (в 1707—1714 годах). Девиз Стюартов звучал «Мужество крепнет в ране» (лат. Virescit vulnere virtus, англ. Courage grows strong at a wound). (ru) Stuart är ett efternamn som även används som förnamn. (sv) Huset Stuart (av lågskotska för Steward, som är en alternativ stavning) var ett skotskt kungahus och klan vars förste regent var Robert II Stuart som hade Skottlands tron 1371–1390. Huset Stuart regerade både Skottland och England innan länderna formellt ingick union, från 1603 till 1707, med uppehåll 1653–1659. Den adliga släkten Stuart, som finns i stora delar av världen, även Sverige, tillhör grenen Stuart av Ochiltree, som i sin tur är ättlingar till Robert II av Skottland. I likhet med andra högättade skottar räknar Huset Stuart sina anor från Fergus Mòr på ett möderne. Deras äldste kände stamfader på fädernet är Flaald I, en normand som levde på 1000-talet. (sv) A Casa de Stuart, também conhecida por Casa de Stewart (em inglês: House of Stuart ou House of Stewart), é uma família nobre, de origem bretã, com origem no século XI, que deteve o trono da Escócia e depois a coroa da Inglaterra, ambas até 1714. Em 1503, Jaime IV casou-se com Margarida Tudor, ligando assim as casas reais da Escócia e Inglaterra. Isabel I da Inglaterra morreu sem filhos em 1603, e o bisneto de Jaime IV, Jaime VI da Escócia sucedeu aos tronos da Inglaterra e da Irlanda como James I na União das Coroas. Os Stuarts eram monarcas das Ilhas Britânicas e seu crescente império até à morte da rainha Ana em 1714, exceto pelo período da Commonwealth entre 1649 e 1660. No total, nove monarcas Stuart governaram a Escócia sozinha de 1371 a 1603. O último governante da Escócia foi Jaime VI, que se tornou o primeiro monarca dual da Inglaterra e da Escócia em 1603. Duas rainhas de Stuart governaram as ilhas após a Revolução Gloriosa em 1688: Maria II e Ana. Ambas eram filhas protestantes de Jaime VII e II por sua primeira esposa Ana Hyde os bisnetos de Jaime VI e I. Seu pai havia se convertido ao catolicismo e sua nova esposa deu à luz um filho em 1688, que foi criado como católico romano e precedeu suas meias-irmãs; então Jaime foi deposto pelo Parlamento em 1689, em favor de suas filhas. Mas também não teve filhos que sobreviveram à idade adulta; portanto, a coroa passou para a Casa de Hanover com a morte da rainha Ana em 1714, sob os termos do Ato de Acordo 1701 e do Ato de Segurança 1704. (pt) Стюарт (англ. Stewart, Stuart) — шотландське прізвище і топонім. Відомі носії прізвища: (uk) 斯图亚特王朝（英語：The House of Stuart；蘇格蘭蓋爾語：Siol Na Stiubhartaich），「斯图亚特」一詞最初的拼寫為「Stewart」，是1371年至1714年間統治蘇格蘭和1603年至1714年間統治英格蘭和愛爾蘭的王朝。其王室成員的祖先可以追溯至公元11世紀法國布列塔尼的地方貴族。斯圖亞特是第一個成功統治整個不列顛群島的王室，但由王室偏向天主教會和支持君主專制，統治權實際上不太穩定，經歷數次革命，兩位君主被革命所推翻。同時由於斯圖亞特王室的羅馬天主教背景，導致基督新教徒為主的英格蘭民眾經常質疑君主的宗教傾向，令不列顛群島的不穩定因素增加不少。不過，這些因素促使英國議會權力愈來愈大，使英國最早成為議會制國家，也使英國的民主步伐領先於歐陸諸國。 (zh) Стю́арти (початково англ. Steward, Stewart, з XVI століття встановилось офранцужене написання англ. Stuart) — династія королів Шотландії (1371—1651, 1660—1707), Англії (1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1707), Ірландії (1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1714) та Великої Британії (1707—1714). (uk) |
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| dbp:years | 1371 (xsd:integer) 1603 (xsd:integer) 1660 (xsd:integer) 1702 (xsd:integer) 1707 (xsd:integer) |
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| rdfs:comment | La dinastia Estuard neix d'una família d'origen bretó i escocès. Regnaren a Escòcia durant 343 anys (1371-1714) i a Anglaterra durant un període d'uns cent anys. En anglès el llinatge s'escriu Stuart , com en francès (o Stewart). A Escòcia s'escriu Stewart i es pronuncia «Sturt». Els Estuards han gaudit de nombrosos títols al llarg de la història com , , , ducs d'Albany o . (ca) الستيوارت (Stuart): أسرة من أصول بريتانية-اسكتلندية (نسبة لمقاطعة بريتاني في فرنسا) حكمت في اسكتلندا ثم بريطانيا سنوات منذ 1371 وحتى 1714 م. المقر: إدنبره ثم لندن. (ar) Dynastie Stuartovců byl královský rod vládnoucí ve Skotsku (1371–1707), Anglii (1603–1707) a posléze ve Velké Británii (1707–1714). Stuartovci byli jednou z nejstarších dynastií Evropy. Jejich počátky sahají do 11. století, kdy Walter, syn normanského rytíře Alana Fitzflaalda, přijel do Skotska do služby ke králi Davidovi I. Walter byl obratný politik, a když umíral, zanechal po sobě obrovský majetek a dědičný titul stewarda. (cs) Stuart ist ein Vorname und Familienname. (de) La domo de Stuarto aŭ Stewart estis reĝa dinastio, kiu unue regis la skotan reĝlandon, antaŭ ol cetere fariĝi la reĝa dinastio de Anglio kaj finfine Britio. (eo) Das Haus Stewart (auch Clan Stewart) ist eine schottische Adelsfamilie. Die Hauptlinie der Familie stellte von 1371 bis 1587 die Könige von Schottland. Danach fiel die schottische Krone durch Ehe an eine Nebenlinie desselben Hauses, die Haus Stuart genannt wurde und ab 1603 in Personalunion auch die Könige von England und Irland stellte. Das königliche Haus Stuart wurde 1714 durch das Haus Hannover auf dem britischen Thron abgelöst und starb 1807 im Mannesstamm aus. Ältere Seitenlinien und Bastardlinien existieren bis heute. (de) La dynastie Stuart (à l'origine écrit Stewart) règne sur l'Écosse entre 1371 et 1714, et sur l'Angleterre, l'Irlande et le pays de Galles entre 1603 et 1714. Ils sont écartés du trône après le décès d'Anne de Grande-Bretagne et l'avènement de George de Hanovre en vertu de l'Acte d'Établissement. (fr) ステュアート朝（Stuart dynasty または Stewart dynasty）は、1371年から1714年まで続いたスコットランド起源の王朝。1603年以後はイングランド国王を兼ねて同君連合体制となり、1707年にグレートブリテン王国（イギリス）を成立させた。「ステュアート」は、スコットランド語の宮宰（Steward of Scotland）に由来する。メアリー女王のとき綴りをStewartからStuartに改めた。 (ja) 스튜어트 왕가(House of Stuart)는 14세기부터 스코틀랜드의 왕실이었고 17세기부터는 영국의 왕실이다. 스코틀랜드의 최고궁내관직(Steward)의 별칭인 Stewart/Stuart에서 가문의 명칭이 유래한다. 1603년 튜더 왕가의 엘리자베스 1세가 죽자, 후사(後嗣)가 없어 스코틀랜드 왕 제임스 6세가 헨리 7세의 후예(後裔)라는 이유로 즉위하여, 제임스 1세라 칭한 이래 6대를 계속하였다. (ko) Het huis Stuart was een Brits adellijk huis afkomstig uit Schotland. De dynastie verenigde Engeland en Schotland tot één koninkrijk, en regeerde daarnaast ook over Ierland. (nl) Stewart lub Stuart – dynastia władców Szkocji od 1371 r., potem także Anglii od 1603 r. (pl) Стю́арты (первоначально гэльск. Stiùbhairt, англ. Steward, Stewart, с XVI века установилось офранцуженное написание англ. Stuart) — династия королей Шотландии (в 1371—1651, 1660—1707 годах), Англии (в 1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1707 годы), Ирландии (в 1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1714 годах) и Великобритании (в 1707—1714 годах). Девиз Стюартов звучал «Мужество крепнет в ране» (лат. Virescit vulnere virtus, англ. Courage grows strong at a wound). (ru) Stuart är ett efternamn som även används som förnamn. (sv) Стюарт (англ. Stewart, Stuart) — шотландське прізвище і топонім. Відомі носії прізвища: (uk) 斯图亚特王朝（英語：The House of Stuart；蘇格蘭蓋爾語：Siol Na Stiubhartaich），「斯图亚特」一詞最初的拼寫為「Stewart」，是1371年至1714年間統治蘇格蘭和1603年至1714年間統治英格蘭和愛爾蘭的王朝。其王室成員的祖先可以追溯至公元11世紀法國布列塔尼的地方貴族。斯圖亞特是第一個成功統治整個不列顛群島的王室，但由王室偏向天主教會和支持君主專制，統治權實際上不太穩定，經歷數次革命，兩位君主被革命所推翻。同時由於斯圖亞特王室的羅馬天主教背景，導致基督新教徒為主的英格蘭民眾經常質疑君主的宗教傾向，令不列顛群島的不穩定因素增加不少。不過，這些因素促使英國議會權力愈來愈大，使英國最早成為議會制國家，也使英國的民主步伐領先於歐陸諸國。 (zh) Стю́арти (початково англ. Steward, Stewart, з XVI століття встановилось офранцужене написання англ. Stuart) — династія королів Шотландії (1371—1651, 1660—1707), Англії (1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1707), Ірландії (1603—1649, 1660—1694, 1702—1714) та Великої Британії (1707—1714). (uk) Ο Οίκος των Στιούαρτ (αγγλικά: House of Stuart, εξ αρχής: Stewart, γαελικά: Stiùbhart) είναι ένας σημαντικός ευρωπαϊκός βασιλικός οίκος. Ιδρύθηκε από τον Ροβέρτο Β΄ της Σκωτίας. Οι Στιούαρτ πρώτα έγιναν μονάρχες του Βασιλείου της Σκωτίας κατά την διάρκεια του 14ου αιώνα. Οι απευθείας απόγονοί τους (από την Βρετάνη) έφεραν τον τίτλο του Υψηλού Επιτρόπου της Σκωτίας. Η δυναστεία κληρονόμησε ακόμη περισσότερο έδαφος τον 17ο αιώνα, το οποίο κάλυπτε ολόκληρες τις Βρετανικές Νήσους, περιλαμβάνοντας το Βασίλειο της Αγγλίας και το Βασίλειο της Ιρλανδίας, διατηρώντας επίσης τις διεκδικήσεις στο Βασίλειο της Γαλλίας. (el) La Casa de Estuardo (Stuart o Stewart, en inglés) fue la dinastía reinante en Escocia desde 1371 hasta 1603 y desde entonces en el conjunto formado por ésta con Inglaterra e Irlanda hasta 1714, exceptuando el periodo de la República (1649-1660). (es) The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fitz Alan (c. 1150). The name Stewart and variations had become established as a family name by the time of his grandson Walter Stewart. The first monarch of the Stewart line was Robert II, whose male-line descendants were kings and queens in Scotland from 1371, and of England and Great Britain from 1603, until 1714. Mary, Queen of Scots, was brought up in France where she adopted the French spelling of the name Stuart. (en) Estuardo etxea (ingelesez Stuart edo Stewart) 1371 eta 1693 bitartean Eskoziako erregetzan egon zen dinastia edo familia izan zen. 1603tik aurrera baita Ingalaterran ere Jakue I.aren eskutik. Etxe honen arbasoak Fitzalan leinua dira, Bretainiakoa, eta XII. mendean heldu ziren, Dabid I.a eskoziarren erregeak Europa kontinentaleko beste familia batzuekin batera (Bruce, Douglas, Giffard...) Eskoziara gonbidatuta eta, haiekin batera, burguak, monasterioak eta lurrak populatzeko herritar anglosaxoiak heldu ziren Eskozia hego eta ekialdera. Egungo Renfrewshiren finkatu ziren. Normandiarren frantses kultura eta hizkuntza ekarri zituzten aldean, eskoziar eliteak imitatzen saiatu zirenak. (eu) Wangsa Stuart ialah serangkaian raja dan ratu di Inggris. Dinasti Tudor berakhir saat Ratu Elizabeth I mangkat. Ia tidak mencalonkan seorang pun sebagai penguasa setelah kematiannya, maka putra sepupunyalah yang menggantikannya. Ia menjadi James I dari Inggris, dan memulai Dinasti Stuart. Inilah penguasa dinasti Stuart: * l * * s (in) Il casato degli Steward o Stewart è stata la casa reale della Scozia e successivamente della Gran Bretagna. Il casato era di origine bretone. Il cognome, alle volte, quando portato dalle donne, veniva italianizzato in Stuarda, come nel caso di Maria Stuarda. (it) A Casa de Stuart, também conhecida por Casa de Stewart (em inglês: House of Stuart ou House of Stewart), é uma família nobre, de origem bretã, com origem no século XI, que deteve o trono da Escócia e depois a coroa da Inglaterra, ambas até 1714. (pt) Huset Stuart (av lågskotska för Steward, som är en alternativ stavning) var ett skotskt kungahus och klan vars förste regent var Robert II Stuart som hade Skottlands tron 1371–1390. Huset Stuart regerade både Skottland och England innan länderna formellt ingick union, från 1603 till 1707, med uppehåll 1653–1659. Den adliga släkten Stuart, som finns i stora delar av världen, även Sverige, tillhör grenen Stuart av Ochiltree, som i sin tur är ättlingar till Robert II av Skottland. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | House of Stuart (en) أسرة ستيوارت (ar) Dinastia Stuart (ca) Stuartovci (cs) Haus Stewart (de) Stuart (Name) (de) Οίκος των Στιούαρτ (el) Stuartoj (eo) Casa de Estuardo (es) Estuardo etxea (eu) Maison Stuart (fr) Wangsa Stuart (in) Stuart (it) 스튜어트가 (ko) ステュアート朝 (ja) Huis Stuart (nl) Stuartowie (pl) Casa de Stuart (pt) Стюарты (ru) Huset Stuart (sv) Stuart (namn) (sv) Стюарт (ім'я) (uk) 斯图亚特王朝 (zh) Стюарти (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Scottish_monarchs'_family_tree |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:House_of_Stuart?oldid=1123636416&ns=0 |
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