Tumah and taharah (original) (raw)
Tame, hebräisch טמא, im Deutschen meist mit „unrein“ übersetzt, stammt aus der Tora (Lev 10,10 ) und steht adjektivisch für Personen oder Objekte im Status der rituellen Unreinheit (Tum’a). Das Gegenwort zu tame bzw. Tum’a טֻּמְאָה (Substantiv) ist tahor (Adjektiv) bzw. Tahara (Substantiv).
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| dbo:abstract | Tame, hebräisch טמא, im Deutschen meist mit „unrein“ übersetzt, stammt aus der Tora (Lev 10,10 ) und steht adjektivisch für Personen oder Objekte im Status der rituellen Unreinheit (Tum’a). Das Gegenwort zu tame bzw. Tum’a טֻּמְאָה (Substantiv) ist tahor (Adjektiv) bzw. Tahara (Substantiv). (de) In Jewish law, ṭumah (Hebrew: טומאה, pronounced [tˤumʔa]) and ṭaharah (Hebrew: טהרה, pronounced [tˤaharɔ]) are the state of being ritually "impure" and "pure", respectively. The Hebrew noun ṭum'ah, meaning "impurity", describes a state of ritual impurity. A person or object which contracts ṭumah is said to be ṭamé (טמא Hebrew adjective, "ritually impure"), and thereby unsuited for certain holy activities and uses (kedushah, קְדֻשָּׁה in Hebrew) until undergoing predefined purification actions that usually include the elapse of a specified time-period. The contrasting Hebrew noun ṭaharah (טָהֳרָה) describes a state of ritual purity that qualifies the ṭahor (טָהוֹר; ritually pure person or object) to be used for kedushah. The most common method of achieving ṭaharah is by the person or object being immersed in a mikveh (ritual bath). This concept is connected with ritual washing in Judaism, and both ritually impure and ritually pure states have parallels in ritual purification in other world religions. The laws of ṭumah and ṭaharah were generally followed by the Israelites, particularly during the First and Second Temple Period, and to a limited extent are a part of applicable halakha in modern times. (en) Tumah e taharah sono termini ebraici che si riferiscono alle "impurità e purità" rituali secondo la Legge ebraica (Halakhah). Il sostantivo ebraico tum'ah (in ebraico: טָמְאָה?) "impurità" descrive uno stato di impurità rituale. Una persona o oggetto che contrae tumah si dice diventi tamei (aggettivo ebraico, "ritualmente impuro"), e pertanto non idoneo a certe attività sacre (Qedushah in ebraico) fintanto che non abbia eseguito atti purificatori predefiniti che usualmente includono di solito includono la decorrenza di un periodo di tempo specificato. Il sostantivo ebraico opposto, taharah (טָהֳרָה) descrive uno stato di purità rituale che qualifica il tahor (טָהוֹר, persona o oggetto ritualmente puri) ad essere usato per qedushah. Il metodo più comune per ottenere taharah è che la persona o oggetto siano immersi in un mikveh (bagno/vasca rituale). Questo concetto si collega alle abluzioni rituali ebraiche, e sia lo stato ritualmente impuro sia quello ritualmente puro hanno paralleli nei rituali di purificazione di altre religioni nel mondo. Le leggi di tumah e taharah erano generalmente osservate dagli Israeliti, particolarmente durante il Primo Tempio e Secondo Tempio, e sono in parte applicabili in tempi moderni secondo la Halakhah vigente. (it) Toema (Hebreeuws: טומאה) betekent onrein en is het omgekeerde van tahara (Hebreeuws: טהרה), dat rein betekent. De term wordt beschreven in de Halacha of Joodse wet en duidt aan wat ritueel respectievelijk "onrein" en "rein" is. Het Hebreeuwse zelfstandig naamwoord toema, dat onreinheid betekent, beschrijft een staat van rituele onreinheid. Een persoon of object die of dat toema is, wordt tamee genoemd (Hebreeuws bijvoeglijk naamwoord, "ritueel onrein") en is daardoor ongeschikt voor bepaalde heilige activiteiten en bezigheden (kedoesja in het Hebreeuws). De meest gebruikelijke methode om tahara te bereiken is door de persoon of het object onder te dompelen in een mikwe of mikwa (ritueel bad). Dit concept hangt samen met rituele wassing in het jodendom. (nl) Ритуáльная чистотá в иудаизме (ивр. טהרה, техора) — статус предметов или человека, необходимый для того, чтобы эти предметы или человек могли участвовать в храмовом богослужении и в исполнении некоторых других заповедей. Противоположное состояние называется тума (טומאה — «нечистота»). Законы ритуальной чистоты имели огромное значение в эпоху первого и второго храмов. Им посвящён отдельный раздел Мишны — «Техарот». Основными источниками, сообщавшими нечистоту, были: трупы человека и животных; лица, страдавшие определёнными заболеваниями; женщины во время менструации и после родов. Носители нечистоты могли передавать её другим людям, предметам, продуктам питания; от них нечистота могла передаваться дальше. Основным способом достижения чистоты было ритуальное омовение. Эти способы осквернения и очищения находят параллели в других религиях. В современном талмудическом иудаизме институт ритуальной чистоты практически исчез, оставив следы только в ритуальном омовении женщин после окончания менструации и в воздержании коэнов от прикосновения к умершим, посещения кладбищ. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Tame, hebräisch טמא, im Deutschen meist mit „unrein“ übersetzt, stammt aus der Tora (Lev 10,10 ) und steht adjektivisch für Personen oder Objekte im Status der rituellen Unreinheit (Tum’a). Das Gegenwort zu tame bzw. Tum’a טֻּמְאָה (Substantiv) ist tahor (Adjektiv) bzw. Tahara (Substantiv). (de) In Jewish law, ṭumah (Hebrew: טומאה, pronounced [tˤumʔa]) and ṭaharah (Hebrew: טהרה, pronounced [tˤaharɔ]) are the state of being ritually "impure" and "pure", respectively. The Hebrew noun ṭum'ah, meaning "impurity", describes a state of ritual impurity. A person or object which contracts ṭumah is said to be ṭamé (טמא Hebrew adjective, "ritually impure"), and thereby unsuited for certain holy activities and uses (kedushah, קְדֻשָּׁה in Hebrew) until undergoing predefined purification actions that usually include the elapse of a specified time-period. (en) Tumah e taharah sono termini ebraici che si riferiscono alle "impurità e purità" rituali secondo la Legge ebraica (Halakhah). Il sostantivo ebraico tum'ah (in ebraico: טָמְאָה?) "impurità" descrive uno stato di impurità rituale. Una persona o oggetto che contrae tumah si dice diventi tamei (aggettivo ebraico, "ritualmente impuro"), e pertanto non idoneo a certe attività sacre (Qedushah in ebraico) fintanto che non abbia eseguito atti purificatori predefiniti che usualmente includono di solito includono la decorrenza di un periodo di tempo specificato. (it) Toema (Hebreeuws: טומאה) betekent onrein en is het omgekeerde van tahara (Hebreeuws: טהרה), dat rein betekent. De term wordt beschreven in de Halacha of Joodse wet en duidt aan wat ritueel respectievelijk "onrein" en "rein" is. Het Hebreeuwse zelfstandig naamwoord toema, dat onreinheid betekent, beschrijft een staat van rituele onreinheid. Een persoon of object die of dat toema is, wordt tamee genoemd (Hebreeuws bijvoeglijk naamwoord, "ritueel onrein") en is daardoor ongeschikt voor bepaalde heilige activiteiten en bezigheden (kedoesja in het Hebreeuws). (nl) Ритуáльная чистотá в иудаизме (ивр. טהרה, техора) — статус предметов или человека, необходимый для того, чтобы эти предметы или человек могли участвовать в храмовом богослужении и в исполнении некоторых других заповедей. Противоположное состояние называется тума (טומאה — «нечистота»). В современном талмудическом иудаизме институт ритуальной чистоты практически исчез, оставив следы только в ритуальном омовении женщин после окончания менструации и в воздержании коэнов от прикосновения к умершим, посещения кладбищ. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Tame (Hebräisch) (de) Tumah e taharah (it) Toema (nl) Tumah and taharah (en) Ритуальная чистота в иудаизме (ru) |
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