War crimes of the Wehrmacht (original) (raw)
خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، ارتكبت القوات المسلحة الألمانية مجتمعة (هير وكريسمارينه ولوفتفافه) جرائم حرب منظمة، بما في ذلك المذابح والاغتصاب الجماعي والنهب واستغلال السخرة وقتل ثلاثة ملايين من أسرى الحرب السوفيت، وشاركوا في إبادة اليهود. في حين أن الحزب النازي وشوتزشتافل (ولا سيما توتنكوبف-إس إس، وحدات القتل المتنقلة وفافن-إس إس) في ألمانيا النازية كانت المنظمة الأكثر مسؤولية عن الإبادة الجماعية وعمليات القتل في المحرقة والقوات المسلحة النظامية ممثلة في الفيرماخت ارتكبت جرائم حرب خاصة بها، خاصة على الجبهة الشرقية في الحرب ضد الاتحاد السوفيتي.
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| dbo:abstract | خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، ارتكبت القوات المسلحة الألمانية مجتمعة (هير وكريسمارينه ولوفتفافه) جرائم حرب منظمة، بما في ذلك المذابح والاغتصاب الجماعي والنهب واستغلال السخرة وقتل ثلاثة ملايين من أسرى الحرب السوفيت، وشاركوا في إبادة اليهود. في حين أن الحزب النازي وشوتزشتافل (ولا سيما توتنكوبف-إس إس، وحدات القتل المتنقلة وفافن-إس إس) في ألمانيا النازية كانت المنظمة الأكثر مسؤولية عن الإبادة الجماعية وعمليات القتل في المحرقة والقوات المسلحة النظامية ممثلة في الفيرماخت ارتكبت جرائم حرب خاصة بها، خاصة على الجبهة الشرقية في الحرب ضد الاتحاد السوفيتي. (ar) Válečné zločiny nacistického Německa byly válečné zločiny spáchané za druhé světové války ozbrojenými silami nacistického Německa. Zatímco hlavními pachateli holokaustu mezi německými ozbrojenými silami byly nacistické „politické“ armády (SS-Totenkopfverbände a zejména Einsatzgruppen), pravidelné ozbrojené síly zastoupené Wehrmachtem se dopouštěly vlastních válečných zločinů a to zejména na východní frontě během války se Sovětským svazem. Mezinárodní vojenský tribunál během norimberského procesu rozhodl, že přestože Wehrmacht nebyl zločineckou organizací, spáchal během války válečné zločiny. (cs) Als Verbrechen der Wehrmacht werden Verbrechen bezeichnet, die Angehörige der Wehrmacht im Zweiten Weltkrieg begangen haben. Zu ihnen gehören Planung und Durchführung von Angriffs- und Vernichtungskrieg, Massenmorde an Zivilisten und als Partisanen Verdächtigten, Misshandlung und Ermordung von Kriegsgefangenen, Besatzungsverbrechen sowie die direkte und indirekte Teilnahme an Völkermorden, darunter dem Holocaust und dem Porajmos. Die Wehrmachtführung erließ verbrecherische Befehle, die gegen Normen des Kriegsvölkerrechts (Genfer Konventionen, Haager Landkriegsordnung und Gepflogenheiten des Krieges) verstießen. Die juristische und politische Aufarbeitung dieser Verbrechen ist bis heute nicht abgeschlossen. In NS-Prozessen seit 1945 wurden nur wenige Verbrechen der Wehrmacht verhandelt. Sie wurden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland lange öffentlich bestritten oder verharmlost, ihre Strafverfolgung verschleppt und behindert. Wie viele einfache Soldaten an ihnen beteiligt waren, die Opferzahlen und die Motive der Täter sind bis heute umstritten. (de) Κατά τη διάρκεια του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου οι ένοπλες δυνάμεις της Γερμανίας (Heer, Kriegsmarine και Λουφτβάφε) διέπραξαν συστηματικά εγκλήματα πολέμου, όπως σφαγές, μαζικούς βιασμούς, λεηλασίες, εκμετάλλευση της καταναγκαστικής εργασίας, δολοφονία τριών εκατομμυρίων σοβιετικών αιχμαλώτων πολέμου και συμμετείχαν στην εξόντωση των Εβραίων. Ενώ το ναζιστικό κόμμα είχε τις δικές του δυνάμεις(κυρίως τα SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen και Waffen-SS), που ήταν και οι πιο υπεύθυνες για το Ολοκαύτωμα, και οι τακτικές ένοπλες δυνάμεις της Βέρμαχτ διέπραξαν πολλά εγκλήματα πολέμου (σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις βοηθώντας τα SS), ιδίως στο Ανατολικό Μέτωπο στον πόλεμο κατά της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης. Σύμφωνα με μια μελέτη των Alex J. Kay και David Stahel, η πλειοψηφία των στρατιωτών της Βέρμαχτ που αναπτύχθηκαν στη Σοβιετική Ένωση συμμετείχαν σε εγκλήματα πολέμου. (el) Los crímenes de guerra de la Wehrmacht (que, en alemán, significa Fuerza de Defensa) son aquellos crímenes de guerra llevados a cabo por las Fuerzas Armadas tradicionales de la Alemania Nazi durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Si bien los principales perpetradores del Holocausto al interior de las Fuerzas Armadas alemanas procedían de los ejércitos "políticos" de la Alemania Nazi (la SS-Totenkopfverbände y, en particular, los Einsatzgruppen), las Fuerzas Armadas tradicionales representadas por la Wehrmacht también cometieron crímenes de guerra por su cuenta, en especial, en el Frente Oriental en la guerra contra la Unión Soviética. Tras concluir la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los principales criminales de guerra fueron procesados en los Juicios de Núremberg, donde se halló que la Wehrmacht no fue una organización inherentemente criminal, pero que había cometido crímenes en el curso de la guerra. (es) Les crimes de guerre de la Wehrmacht sont les crimes perpétrés par les forces armées allemandes traditionnelles au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Si les principaux exécutants de la Shoah étaient les Einsatzgruppen, la Wehrmacht y a aussi collaboré. Les forces armées traditionnelles de la Wehrmacht ont commis des crimes de guerre, dès le début du conflit, et en particulier sur le front de l’Est dans la guerre contre l’Union soviétique. L’historien britannique Ian Kershaw affirme : « Quand on compare le nombre de victimes à l’Est à la guerre à l’Ouest, alors on le voit très clairement : la guerre sur le front de l’Est fut une guerre d’extermination ». Après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale le Tribunal de Nuremberg a conclu que la Wehrmacht n’avait pas le caractère d’une organisation criminelle mais qu’elle avait commis des crimes au cours de la guerre. Ses plus hauts responsables, Wilhelm Keitel et Alfred Jodl, sont toutefois jugés coupables de complot, crimes contre la paix, crimes de guerre et crimes contre l'humanité. (fr) Selama Perang Dunia II, pasukan gabungan tentara Jerman yang terdiri dari: Heer, Kriegsmarine dan Luftwaffe, melakukan kejahatan perang sistematis termasuk pembantaian, pemerkosaan massal, penjarahan, eksploitasi kerja paksa, pembunuhan tiga juta tawanan perang Soviet, dan berpartisipasi dalam pemusnahan orang Yahudi. Sementara pasukan SS milik Partai Nazi (khususnya SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen dan Waffen-SS) merupakan organisasi yang paling bertanggung jawab atas genosida holokaus, pasukan bersenjata reguler Wehrmacht melakukan kejahatan perang versi mereka sendiri, khususnya di Front Timur dalam perang melawan Uni Soviet. Wehrmacht diciptakan oleh Adolf Hitler pada tahun 1935 dengan disahkannya undang-undang yang memperkenalkan wajib militer ke dalam angkatan bersenjata dan pasukan Wehrmacht terdiri dari para sukarelawan dan wajib militer. (in) During World War II, the German combined armed forces (Heer, Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe) committed systematic war crimes, including massacres, mass rape, looting, the exploitation of forced labor, the murder of three million Soviet prisoners of war, and participated in the extermination of Jews. While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces of the Wehrmacht committed many war crimes of their own (as well as assisting the SS in theirs), particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. According to a study by Alex J. Kay and David Stahel, the majority of the Wehrmacht soldiers deployed to the Soviet Union participated in war crimes. (en) I crimini di guerra della Wehrmacht furono quelli commessi dalle forze armate tedesche durante la seconda guerra mondiale, che tra il settembre 1939 e il maggio 1945 si macchiarono di innumerevoli crimini di guerra, crimini contro le popolazioni civili e violazioni delle norme internazionali che regolavano i conflitti armati. Specialmente sul fronte orientale la Wehrmacht si distinse per l'eliminazione di almeno 4,3 milioni di prigionieri sovietici, nel massacro di oltre 16 milioni di civili nel contesto della guerra di sterminio, e nella collaborazione attiva e a tutti i livelli gerarchici dello sterminio degli ebrei. Il Processo di Norimberga ai principali criminali di guerra alla fine del conflitto provò che la Wehrmacht, senza essere un'organizzazione intrinsecamente criminale, si era nondimeno macchiata di numerosi e sistematici crimini su tutti i fronti di battaglia e in tutti i paesi occupati. (it) Durante a II Guerra Mundial, as forças armadas alemãs (Heer, Kriegsmarine e Luftwaffe) cometeram crimes de guerra sistematicamente, incluindo assassinato, estupro em massa, saques, exploração de trabalho forçado, [en] e também participaram do extermínio dos judeus. A SS do Partido Nazista (em particular SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen e Waffen-SS) da Alemanha Nazista foi a principal organização responsável pelo o genocídio do Holocausto. Mas as forças armadas regulares da Wehrmacht também cometeram muitos crimes de guerra elas próprias (bem como deram assistência à SS), particularmente na Frente Oriental na guerra contra a União Soviética. De acordo com um estudo realizado por e , a maioria dos soldados da Wehrmacht enviados para a União Soviética participou de crimes de guerra. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، ارتكبت القوات المسلحة الألمانية مجتمعة (هير وكريسمارينه ولوفتفافه) جرائم حرب منظمة، بما في ذلك المذابح والاغتصاب الجماعي والنهب واستغلال السخرة وقتل ثلاثة ملايين من أسرى الحرب السوفيت، وشاركوا في إبادة اليهود. في حين أن الحزب النازي وشوتزشتافل (ولا سيما توتنكوبف-إس إس، وحدات القتل المتنقلة وفافن-إس إس) في ألمانيا النازية كانت المنظمة الأكثر مسؤولية عن الإبادة الجماعية وعمليات القتل في المحرقة والقوات المسلحة النظامية ممثلة في الفيرماخت ارتكبت جرائم حرب خاصة بها، خاصة على الجبهة الشرقية في الحرب ضد الاتحاد السوفيتي. (ar) Válečné zločiny nacistického Německa byly válečné zločiny spáchané za druhé světové války ozbrojenými silami nacistického Německa. Zatímco hlavními pachateli holokaustu mezi německými ozbrojenými silami byly nacistické „politické“ armády (SS-Totenkopfverbände a zejména Einsatzgruppen), pravidelné ozbrojené síly zastoupené Wehrmachtem se dopouštěly vlastních válečných zločinů a to zejména na východní frontě během války se Sovětským svazem. Mezinárodní vojenský tribunál během norimberského procesu rozhodl, že přestože Wehrmacht nebyl zločineckou organizací, spáchal během války válečné zločiny. (cs) Durante a II Guerra Mundial, as forças armadas alemãs (Heer, Kriegsmarine e Luftwaffe) cometeram crimes de guerra sistematicamente, incluindo assassinato, estupro em massa, saques, exploração de trabalho forçado, [en] e também participaram do extermínio dos judeus. A SS do Partido Nazista (em particular SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen e Waffen-SS) da Alemanha Nazista foi a principal organização responsável pelo o genocídio do Holocausto. Mas as forças armadas regulares da Wehrmacht também cometeram muitos crimes de guerra elas próprias (bem como deram assistência à SS), particularmente na Frente Oriental na guerra contra a União Soviética. De acordo com um estudo realizado por e , a maioria dos soldados da Wehrmacht enviados para a União Soviética participou de crimes de guerra. (pt) Als Verbrechen der Wehrmacht werden Verbrechen bezeichnet, die Angehörige der Wehrmacht im Zweiten Weltkrieg begangen haben. Zu ihnen gehören Planung und Durchführung von Angriffs- und Vernichtungskrieg, Massenmorde an Zivilisten und als Partisanen Verdächtigten, Misshandlung und Ermordung von Kriegsgefangenen, Besatzungsverbrechen sowie die direkte und indirekte Teilnahme an Völkermorden, darunter dem Holocaust und dem Porajmos. Die Wehrmachtführung erließ verbrecherische Befehle, die gegen Normen des Kriegsvölkerrechts (Genfer Konventionen, Haager Landkriegsordnung und Gepflogenheiten des Krieges) verstießen. (de) Κατά τη διάρκεια του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου οι ένοπλες δυνάμεις της Γερμανίας (Heer, Kriegsmarine και Λουφτβάφε) διέπραξαν συστηματικά εγκλήματα πολέμου, όπως σφαγές, μαζικούς βιασμούς, λεηλασίες, εκμετάλλευση της καταναγκαστικής εργασίας, δολοφονία τριών εκατομμυρίων σοβιετικών αιχμαλώτων πολέμου και συμμετείχαν στην εξόντωση των Εβραίων. Ενώ το ναζιστικό κόμμα είχε τις δικές του δυνάμεις(κυρίως τα SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen και Waffen-SS), που ήταν και οι πιο υπεύθυνες για το Ολοκαύτωμα, και οι τακτικές ένοπλες δυνάμεις της Βέρμαχτ διέπραξαν πολλά εγκλήματα πολέμου (σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις βοηθώντας τα SS), ιδίως στο Ανατολικό Μέτωπο στον πόλεμο κατά της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης. Σύμφωνα με μια μελέτη των Alex J. Kay και David Stahel, η πλειοψηφία των στρατιωτών της Βέρμαχτ που αναπτύχθ (el) Los crímenes de guerra de la Wehrmacht (que, en alemán, significa Fuerza de Defensa) son aquellos crímenes de guerra llevados a cabo por las Fuerzas Armadas tradicionales de la Alemania Nazi durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Si bien los principales perpetradores del Holocausto al interior de las Fuerzas Armadas alemanas procedían de los ejércitos "políticos" de la Alemania Nazi (la SS-Totenkopfverbände y, en particular, los Einsatzgruppen), las Fuerzas Armadas tradicionales representadas por la Wehrmacht también cometieron crímenes de guerra por su cuenta, en especial, en el Frente Oriental en la guerra contra la Unión Soviética. Tras concluir la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los principales criminales de guerra fueron procesados en los Juicios de Núremberg, donde se halló que la Wehrmacht no f (es) Les crimes de guerre de la Wehrmacht sont les crimes perpétrés par les forces armées allemandes traditionnelles au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Si les principaux exécutants de la Shoah étaient les Einsatzgruppen, la Wehrmacht y a aussi collaboré. (fr) Selama Perang Dunia II, pasukan gabungan tentara Jerman yang terdiri dari: Heer, Kriegsmarine dan Luftwaffe, melakukan kejahatan perang sistematis termasuk pembantaian, pemerkosaan massal, penjarahan, eksploitasi kerja paksa, pembunuhan tiga juta tawanan perang Soviet, dan berpartisipasi dalam pemusnahan orang Yahudi. Wehrmacht diciptakan oleh Adolf Hitler pada tahun 1935 dengan disahkannya undang-undang yang memperkenalkan wajib militer ke dalam angkatan bersenjata dan pasukan Wehrmacht terdiri dari para sukarelawan dan wajib militer. (in) During World War II, the German combined armed forces (Heer, Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe) committed systematic war crimes, including massacres, mass rape, looting, the exploitation of forced labor, the murder of three million Soviet prisoners of war, and participated in the extermination of Jews. While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbände, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces of the Wehrmacht committed many war crimes of their own (as well as assisting the SS in theirs), particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. According to a study by Alex J. Kay and David Stahel, the majority of the Wehrmacht soldiers deployed to (en) I crimini di guerra della Wehrmacht furono quelli commessi dalle forze armate tedesche durante la seconda guerra mondiale, che tra il settembre 1939 e il maggio 1945 si macchiarono di innumerevoli crimini di guerra, crimini contro le popolazioni civili e violazioni delle norme internazionali che regolavano i conflitti armati. Specialmente sul fronte orientale la Wehrmacht si distinse per l'eliminazione di almeno 4,3 milioni di prigionieri sovietici, nel massacro di oltre 16 milioni di civili nel contesto della guerra di sterminio, e nella collaborazione attiva e a tutti i livelli gerarchici dello sterminio degli ebrei. Il Processo di Norimberga ai principali criminali di guerra alla fine del conflitto provò che la Wehrmacht, senza essere un'organizzazione intrinsecamente criminale, si era (it) |
| rdfs:label | War crimes of the Wehrmacht (en) جرائم الحرب النازية (ar) Válečné zločiny Německa během druhé světové války (cs) Verbrechen der Wehrmacht (de) Εγκλήματα πολέμου της Βέρμαχτ (el) Crímenes de guerra de la Wehrmacht (es) Kejahatan perang Wehrmacht (in) Crimes de guerre de la Wehrmacht (fr) Crimini di guerra della Wehrmacht (it) Crimes de guerra da Wehrmacht (pt) |
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