Ziyad ibn Abihi (original) (raw)
زياد بن أبيه قائد عسكري عربي مسلم، كان من أعلام عهد الخلافة الراشدة، وسياسي أموي شهير، لم يعرف اسم أبيه ونسبه فقيل أنه زياد بن عبيد الثقفي وقيل أنه ابن أبي سفيان بعد أن استلحقه معاوية بن أبي سفيان. ساهم في تثبيت الدولة الأموية وكان واحدًا من دهاة العرب.
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| dbo:abstract | Abu-l-Mughira Ziyad ibn Abihi (mort a al-Thuwayya o al-Thawiyya, prop de Kufa, el 673) fou un governador de l'Iraq i les províncies orientals per compte del califa omeia, del 670 al 673. Se l'assenyala amb diversos noms: Ziyad ibn Abi-Suffín, Ziyad ibn Ubayd, Ziyad ibn Sumayya, Ziyad ibn Abi-Sufyan, Ziyad ibn Ummihi. Ziyad ibn Abihi vol dir ‘fill de son pare’. Va néixer fora de matrimoni a Taif vers el 622 o 623. Es va fer musulmà sota Abu-Bakr. Després del 657 fou governador d'una fortalesa al Fars (després anomenada Kalat Ziyad) i va restar al lloc per compte d'Alí ibn Abi-Tàlib encara després de la mort d'aquest (661) i es va haver de rendir a Muàwiya I perquè els seus fills foren agafats per aquest com a ostatges. Després d'una entrevista amb el califa fou reconegut oficialment com a fill d'Abu-Sufyan (665) i nomenat governador de Bàssora (juliol del 665) que incloïa el Khurasan i el Sistan. A la mort d'al-Mughira ibn Xuba, governador de Kufa (670) aquest govern fou agregat al de Bàssora. Hi va passar els estius, deixant a Bàssora com a substitut a Samura ibn Djunjab, mentre a l'hivern tornava a Bàssora designant a com a representant a Kufa. Va enfrontar als kharigites a Bàssora i als alides a Kufa; els kharigites van marxar de Bàssora però els alides de Kufa, sota la direcció d'Hujr ibn Adí al-Kindí van seguir operant; Ziyad va amenaçar al cap alida i va aconseguir aïllar-lo i el 671 el va arrestar i enviar a Damasc sent executat a Mardj Adhra (a l'est de Damasc) amb sis seguidors. Ziyad probablement esperava ser designat hereu al tron, però el califa va designar walí al-ahd (príncep hereu) al seu fill Yazid I. Zayid en compensació va demanar agregar Hijaz al seu govern. Sembla que finalment el califa hi va accedir però el 673 quan es va enviar el nomenament, Ziyad ja havia mort. Al Khurasan els seus lloctinents van avançar cap a l'est: (subgovernador 665-670), i (671-673) van restablir l'autoritat al Tukharistan, i Balkh i Kuhistan foren reocupats; al-Hàkam fins i tot hauria creuat l'Oxus. Ziyad va encunyar monedes amb el seu nom (com a Ziyad ibn Abi-Sufyan). Va portar al Khurasan 50.000 famílies àrabs procedents de Bàssora i Kufa. Fou un orador notable i va deixar alguns escrits. (ca) زياد بن أبيه قائد عسكري عربي مسلم، كان من أعلام عهد الخلافة الراشدة، وسياسي أموي شهير، لم يعرف اسم أبيه ونسبه فقيل أنه زياد بن عبيد الثقفي وقيل أنه ابن أبي سفيان بعد أن استلحقه معاوية بن أبي سفيان. ساهم في تثبيت الدولة الأموية وكان واحدًا من دهاة العرب. (ar) Ziyād ibn Abī Sufyān (arabisch زياد بن أبي سفيان; † 23. August 673) war ein arabischer Staatsmann in der Zeit der beiden Kalifen ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib und Muawiya I. Er war auch unter dem Namen Ziyād ibn Abī-hi ("Ziyād, der Sohn seines Vaters") bekannt. Ziyad wurde in Taif geboren und war Sohn einer Sklavin. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass sein Vater unbekannt war, wurde er auch mit dem Patronym ibn Abī-hi ("Sohn seines Vaters") bezeichnet. Er begann seinen Aufstieg als Buchhalter des Heeres in der Garnison von Basra. Nachdem er unter dem Kalifat von Ali Ibn Abi Talib zum Statthalter der Provinz Fars aufgestiegen war, leistete er den Umayyaden unter Muawiya I. zunächst heftigen Widerstand. Im Jahre 665 kam es auf spektakuläre Weise zu einer Annäherung zwischen Ziyad und dem Kalifen. Ziyad fragte ihn in einem Brief, was von den Gerüchten zu halten sei, wonach Muawiyas Vater Abū Sufyān ibn Harb auch sein Vater sei. Der Kalif erkannte ihn daraufhin offiziell als seinen Bruder an und setzte ihn schon wenig später als Statthalter von Basra ein, eine Position, mit der auch die Befehlsgewalt über die iranischen Gebiete von Chorasan und Sidschistan verbunden war. Ziyad bewährte sich als einer der treuesten Anhänger Muawiyas, der seine Herrschaft im Irak und im Iran festigte und ausbaute. Vor allem gelang ihm die Befriedung der ihm unterstellten Gebiete, indem er die Parteienkämpfe und Zwistigkeiten zwischen den arabischen Stämmen unterdrückte. Auch bekämpfte er erfolgreich die Umtriebe der Charidschiten. Wegen seiner erfolgreichen Regierung wurde Ziyad 670 auch die Provinz Kufa übertragen. Hier agitierten zu jener Zeit mehrere Anhänger ʿAlīs gegen die Umayyaden. Ziyād lieferte sie an Muawiya nach Syrien aus. Diejenigen, die sich nicht von ʿAlī lossagten, wie zum Beispiel Hudschr ibn ʿAdī und ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Hassān al-ʿAnazī, wurden von Muawiya bzw. von ihm selbst auf grausame Weise hingerichtet. Als Gouverneur des Irak unterstand Ziyād der gesamte Ostteil des Reiches. 671 siedelte er 50.000 arabische Familien aus Kufa und Basra in der chorasanischen Stadt Marw an. Auf diese Weise konnte er die arabische Herrschaft über diese Gebiete festigen. Auch die arabischen Truppen in Basra und Kufa organisierte er neu. Dies ermöglichte den Beginn neuer Feldzüge im Ostiran. Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan starb am 23. August 673. Er war, neben al-Haddschādsch ibn Yūsuf (694–714), der bedeutendste Statthalter des Irak sowie eine der wichtigsten Stütze der Umayyaden im Osten des Kalifats. (de) Ziyad ibn Abihi (arabe : زياد بن أبيه), aussi plus tard ibn Abi Sufyan, fut gouverneur d'Iraq et d'autres provinces orientales durant le califat Omeyyade, sous le règne de Mu'awiyya (r. 661-680). Il est mort à Kufa vers 673. (fr) Abu al-Mughirah Ziyad bin Abihi (bahasa Arab: أبو المغيرة زياد بن أبيه, translit. Abū al-Mughīrah Ziyād bin Abīhi; ca. 622 – 673), juga dikenal sebagai Ziyad bin Abi Sufyan (bahasa Arab: زياد بن أبي سفيان, translit. Ziyād bin Abī Sufyān), adalah seorang administrator dan negarawan Kekhalifahan Rasyidin dan Kekhalifahan Umayyah pada pertengahan abad ke-7. Ia menjabat sebagai gubernur Basra pada 665–670 dan menjadi gubernur Irak pertama dan wali raja timur Kekhalifahan antara 670 sampai kematiannya. Ia termasuk salah satu dari empat orang yang dijuluki "Dahiyatul 'Arab", yaitu orang-orang yang dianggap memiliki kecerdikan di atas rata-rata orang Arab pada masa tersebut, selain Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan, Amr bin Ash, dan Al-Mughirah bin Syu'bah. (in) Abu al-Mughira Ziyad ibn Abihi (Arabic: أبو المغيرة زياد بن أبيه, romanized: Abū al-Mughīra Ziyād ibn Abīhi; c. 622 – 673), also known as Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan (Arabic: زياد بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Ziyād ibn Abī Sufyān), was an administrator and statesman of the successive Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates in the mid-7th century. He served as the governor of Basra in 665–670 and ultimately the first governor of Iraq and practical viceroy of the eastern Caliphate between 670 and his death. Ziyad's parentage is obscure, but he was raised among the Banu Thaqif in Ta'if, near Mecca. He arrived with his adoptive tribesmen in Basra upon its foundation in 636 as the Muslim Arabs' springboard for the conquest of the Sasanian Empire. He was initially employed by the city's first governor, Utba ibn Ghazwan al-Mazini, and was kept on as a scribe or secretary by his successors. Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) appointed Ziyad governor of Fars to suppress a local rebellion and he maintained his loyalty to Ali's caliphate after the latter's assassination in 661 and the subsequent rule of Ali's enemy, Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680). The latter overcame Ziyad's opposition, formally recognized him as his own paternal half-brother and appointed him governor of Basra. Ziyad's inaugural speech, in which he announced his carrot-and-stick approach to governing the city's turbulent population, is celebrated in Arab history for its eloquence. After the death of Kufa's governor, Ziyad's mentor al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, Mu'awiya made Ziyad the first governor of a unified Iraqi province. He administratively reorganized the garrison cities and minted Sasanian-style silver dirhams in his own name. He firmly established Arab power and recommenced conquests in the Caliphate's easternmost province of Khurasan by relocating there 50,000 Arab soldiers and their families from Iraq and dispatching expeditionary forces against Tukharistan, Balkh and Quhistan. Although the mass resettlement improved Iraq's economic and political conditions by siphoning off Arab tribal soldiers from the overcrowded garrisons and creating new opportunities for war spoils, the move had major ramifications for the Caliphate as the descendants of these Khurasani Arab troops formed the army that toppled the Umayyads in 750. Ziyad died near Kufa in 673, but his sons Ubayd Allah, Abd al-Rahman, Salm, Abbad and Yazid went on to hold posts as governors or deputy governors of Iraq, Khurasan and Sijistan. Ziyad was the subject of early Arabic biographies and is remembered in Arab history as one of the four great wise men of his era and as a highly skilled administrator and orator. His administration in Iraq served as a model for his successors. (en) Ziyād ibn Abīhi (in arabo: زياد بن أبيه; Ta'if, 622 – , 673) governatore omayyade di Kūfa e poi anche di Baṣra. (it) Абу́-ль-Муги́ра Зия́д ибн Умме́я (араб. أبو المغيرة زياد بن أمية), Зияд ибн Абихи (араб. زياد بن أبيه ; ум. в 673, Эт-Таиф, совр. Саудовская Аравия) — побочный сын Абу Суфьяна. Правитель Ирака и Восточных провинций Омейядского халифата. (ru) |
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| dbp:article | ʿAbbād b. Ziyād (en) Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān (en) ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād (en) Ziyād b. Abīhi (en) Salm b. Ziyād b. Abīhi (en) Al-Baṣra — Baṣra until the Mongol conquest (en) |
| dbp:authorlink | Charles Pellat (en) Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen (en) Martin Hinds (en) Chase F. Robinson (en) |
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| dbp:caption | Sasanian-style silver dirham, struck in the name of "Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan" (en) |
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| dbp:deathPlace | al-Thawiyya near Kufa (en) |
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| dbp:name | Ziyad ibn Abihi (en) |
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| dbp:title | Governor of Basra (en) Governor of Iraq (en) Ziyad b. Abi Sufyan (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | زياد بن أبيه قائد عسكري عربي مسلم، كان من أعلام عهد الخلافة الراشدة، وسياسي أموي شهير، لم يعرف اسم أبيه ونسبه فقيل أنه زياد بن عبيد الثقفي وقيل أنه ابن أبي سفيان بعد أن استلحقه معاوية بن أبي سفيان. ساهم في تثبيت الدولة الأموية وكان واحدًا من دهاة العرب. (ar) Ziyad ibn Abihi (arabe : زياد بن أبيه), aussi plus tard ibn Abi Sufyan, fut gouverneur d'Iraq et d'autres provinces orientales durant le califat Omeyyade, sous le règne de Mu'awiyya (r. 661-680). Il est mort à Kufa vers 673. (fr) Abu al-Mughirah Ziyad bin Abihi (bahasa Arab: أبو المغيرة زياد بن أبيه, translit. Abū al-Mughīrah Ziyād bin Abīhi; ca. 622 – 673), juga dikenal sebagai Ziyad bin Abi Sufyan (bahasa Arab: زياد بن أبي سفيان, translit. Ziyād bin Abī Sufyān), adalah seorang administrator dan negarawan Kekhalifahan Rasyidin dan Kekhalifahan Umayyah pada pertengahan abad ke-7. Ia menjabat sebagai gubernur Basra pada 665–670 dan menjadi gubernur Irak pertama dan wali raja timur Kekhalifahan antara 670 sampai kematiannya. Ia termasuk salah satu dari empat orang yang dijuluki "Dahiyatul 'Arab", yaitu orang-orang yang dianggap memiliki kecerdikan di atas rata-rata orang Arab pada masa tersebut, selain Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan, Amr bin Ash, dan Al-Mughirah bin Syu'bah. (in) Ziyād ibn Abīhi (in arabo: زياد بن أبيه; Ta'if, 622 – , 673) governatore omayyade di Kūfa e poi anche di Baṣra. (it) Абу́-ль-Муги́ра Зия́д ибн Умме́я (араб. أبو المغيرة زياد بن أمية), Зияд ибн Абихи (араб. زياد بن أبيه ; ум. в 673, Эт-Таиф, совр. Саудовская Аравия) — побочный сын Абу Суфьяна. Правитель Ирака и Восточных провинций Омейядского халифата. (ru) Abu-l-Mughira Ziyad ibn Abihi (mort a al-Thuwayya o al-Thawiyya, prop de Kufa, el 673) fou un governador de l'Iraq i les províncies orientals per compte del califa omeia, del 670 al 673. Se l'assenyala amb diversos noms: Ziyad ibn Abi-Suffín, Ziyad ibn Ubayd, Ziyad ibn Sumayya, Ziyad ibn Abi-Sufyan, Ziyad ibn Ummihi. Ziyad ibn Abihi vol dir ‘fill de son pare’. Ziyad va encunyar monedes amb el seu nom (com a Ziyad ibn Abi-Sufyan). Va portar al Khurasan 50.000 famílies àrabs procedents de Bàssora i Kufa. Fou un orador notable i va deixar alguns escrits. (ca) Ziyād ibn Abī Sufyān (arabisch زياد بن أبي سفيان; † 23. August 673) war ein arabischer Staatsmann in der Zeit der beiden Kalifen ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib und Muawiya I. Er war auch unter dem Namen Ziyād ibn Abī-hi ("Ziyād, der Sohn seines Vaters") bekannt. Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan starb am 23. August 673. Er war, neben al-Haddschādsch ibn Yūsuf (694–714), der bedeutendste Statthalter des Irak sowie eine der wichtigsten Stütze der Umayyaden im Osten des Kalifats. (de) Abu al-Mughira Ziyad ibn Abihi (Arabic: أبو المغيرة زياد بن أبيه, romanized: Abū al-Mughīra Ziyād ibn Abīhi; c. 622 – 673), also known as Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan (Arabic: زياد بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Ziyād ibn Abī Sufyān), was an administrator and statesman of the successive Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates in the mid-7th century. He served as the governor of Basra in 665–670 and ultimately the first governor of Iraq and practical viceroy of the eastern Caliphate between 670 and his death. (en) |
| rdfs:label | زياد بن أبيه (ar) Ziyad ibn Abihi (ca) Ziyād ibn Abī Sufyān (de) Ziyad bin Abihi (in) Ziyad ibn Abihi (it) Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan (fr) Зияд ибн Уммея (ru) Ziyad ibn Abihi (en) |
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