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意味・対訳 同性愛の、ホモの、ゲイの、同性愛者が集まる、陽気な、快活な、楽しそうな、派手な、華やかな、きらびやかな

音節gay 発音記号・読み方

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gay

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Gay

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gay

gay（ゲイ）

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Gay

Gay

gay

gay

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gay

発音

• enPR: gā, IPA(key): /ɡeɪ/
• 韻: -eɪ

語源 1

Male gay couple

Female gay couple

From Middle English gay, from Old French gai (“joyful, laughing, merry”), usually thought to be a borrowing of Old Occitan gai (“impetuous, lively”), from Gothic *������������ (*gaheis, “impetuous”), merging with earlier Old French jai ("merry"; see jay), from Frankish *gāhi;[1] both from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz, *ganhwaz (“sudden”). This is possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to stride, step”), from *ǵʰēy- (“to go”),[2][3] but Kroonen rejects this derivation and treats the Germanic word as having no known etymology.[4]

Cognate with Dutch gauw (“fast, quickly”), Westphalian Low German gau, gai (“fast, quick”), German jäh (“abrupt, sudden”).

Anatoly Liberman, following Frank Chance and Harri Meier, believes Old French gai was instead a native development from Latin vagus (“wandering, inconstant, flighty”), with *[w] > [g] as in French gaine.[5]

The sense of homosexual (first recorded no later than 1937 by Cary Grant in the film Bringing Up Baby, かつ possibly earlier in 1922 in the poem "Miss Furr かつ Miss Skeene" by Gertrude Stein[6][7]) was shortened from earlier gay cat ("homosexual boy") in underworld and prison slang, itself first attested about 1935, but used earlier for a young tramp or hobo attached to an older one.[8]

Pejorative usage is probably due to hostility towards homosexuality.

The sense of ‘upright’, used in reference to a dog’s tail, probably derives from the ‘happy’ sense of the word.

形容詞

gay (comparative gayer, superlative gayest)

Symbol for a male gay union

Symbol for a female gay union

1. Homosexual:
   1. (of a person) Possessing sexual and/or romantic attraction towards people one perceives to be the same sex or gender as oneself. [from 1950]
      • 1947, Rorschach Research Exchange and Journal of Projective Techniques[2], page 240:
      • 2005, Mark Caldwell, New York Night, page 133:
        Of the dozen or so surviving articles, squibs, and letters to the editor, the most remarkable appeared in the _Whip and Satirist_’s February 12, 1842, issue, and disclosed the existence of a cabal of gay men in New York's otherwise wholesome nightscape of brothels and riots. Moreover it identified the spider who minced so delicately along the wide-flung strands of the sodomitical web. "There is not one so degraded as this Captain Collins, the King of the Sodomites." He was a foreigner, an Englishman, in the long tradition of blaming homosexuality on the influence of aliens. Among the syndicate of perverts, the writer announced, "we find no Americans as yet—they are all Englishmen or French" (the English called homosexuality the French vice かつ the French the English vice; for the Whip it was the French かつ English vice).
      • 2007, Kevin P. Murphy, Jason Ruiz, David Serlin, Queer Futures, Radical History Review (Duke University Press), page 58:
        The two failed attempts to receive the necessary access to medicalized transition procedures by the renowned FTM activist Lou Sullivan—a gay man who refused to comply with the imperative that transsexual men must desire women— […]
   2. (strictly) Describing a homosexual man.
   3. (of an animal, by extension) Tending to partner or mate with other individuals of the same sex.
   4. (of a romantic または sexual act または relationship) Between two or more persons perceived to be of the same sex or gender as each other.
   5. (colloquial) Not heterosexual, or not cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.
      Coordinate term: LGBTQ
   6. (of an institution または group) Intended for gay people, especially gay men.
   7. (slang, with for) Homosexually in love with someone.
   8. (slang, humorous, with for) Infatuated with something, aligning with homosexual stereotypes.
   9. In accordance with stereotypes of homosexual people:
      1. (loosely, of appearance または behavior) Being in accordance with stereotypes of gay people, especially gay men.
      2. (loosely, of a person, especially a man) Exhibiting appearance or behavior that accords with stereotypes of gay people, especially gay men.
2. A pejorative:
   1. (slang, derogatory) Effeminate or flamboyant in behavior.
   2. (slang, derogatory) Used to express dislike: lame, uncool, stupid, burdensome, contemptible, generally bad.
      Synonym: ghey
      • 1996, Lisa's Date With Density, The Simpsons (cartoon television series). Upon discovering Nelson kissing Lisa:
        Dolph: "Oh, man! You kissed a girl!"
        Jimbo: "That is so gay!"
3. (dated) Happy, joyful, and lively.
   • c. 1692, William Walch, preface to Letters and Poems, Amorous and Gallant, in John Dryden, The Fourth Part of Miſcellany Poems, Jacob Tonson (publisher, 1716), page 338:
   • 1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:
   • 1934, George Marion Jr. et al., (title):
     The Gay Divorcee.
4. (dated) Quick, fast.
   • 1918, Hunter-trader-trapper, page 36:
5. (dated) Festive, bright, or colourful.
   Pennsylvania Dutch include the plain folk and the gay folk.
   • 1881, J. P. McCaskey (editor), “Deck the Hall[_sic_]”, Franklin Square Song Collection, number 1, Harper & Brothers (New York), page 120:
   • 1944, Ralph Blane, “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas”, Meet Me in St. Louis, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
6. (obsolete) Sexually promiscuous (of any gender), (sometimes particularly) engaged in prostitution.
   • 1806 (edition of 1815), John Davis, The Post-Captain, page 150:
     As our heroes passed along the Strand, they were accosted by a hundred gay ladies, who asked them if they were good-natured. "Devil take me!" exclaimed Echo, "if I know which way my ship heads; but there is not a girl in the Strand that I would touch with my gloves on."
   • 1889, Albert Barrère, Charles Godfrey Leland, A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant: Embracing English, American, and Anglo-Indian Slang, Pidgin English, Tinker's Jargon and Other Irregular Phraseology‎[6], volume 1, page 399:
7. (of a dog's tail) Upright or curved over the back.
8. (Scotland, Northern England, possibly obsolete) Considerable, great, large in number, size, or degree. In this sense, also in the variant gey.
   • 1876 (edition; original 1871), Richardson, Talk 1:
     A gay deal different to what I is noo.
   • 1881, Dixon, Craven Dales:
     There were a gay bit of lace on it.
   • 1903, Robert Smith Surtees, Handley Cross, New York: D. Appleton, page 431:
     "It's a gay bit off, though." "Trot on!" retorted Mr. Jorrocks anxiously, spurring Arterxerxes vehemently, an insult that the animal resented by a duck of his head and a hoist of his heels. Bump, bump, trot, trot, squash, splash, swosh, they went ...

使用する際の注意点

• The predominant use of gay in recent decades has been in the sense homosexual, or in the pejorative sense. The earlier uses of festive, colorful and bright are still found, especially in literary contexts; however, this usage has fallen out of fashion and is now likely to be misunderstood by those who are unaware of it.
• Gay is preferred to homosexual by many gay (homosexual) people as their own term for themselves. Some claim that homosexual is dated and evokes a time when homosexuality was considered a mental illness by the mental health community, while others feel that the word homosexual(ity) does not express the emotional aspects of sexual orientation.
• In the broad political sense, gay usually refers to anything pertaining to same-sex relationships, whether male or female: gay rights and gay marriage. When used in coordination with other terms for sexual orientations, it usually specifically refers to men who are attracted only to men, and excludes lesbians, bisexuals and other orientations, as in phrases like lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB). Context is sometimes necessary to determine whether or not gay implies male in a given phrase.
• Since at least the 1950s, gay has sometimes been used as a broad umbrella term for all queer and gender-nonconforming (transgender かつ genderqueer/non-binary) people, similar to LGBTQ.[9][10][11]

同意語

• (homosexual): See Thesaurus:homosexual

派生語

sexual sense

• anti-gay
• don't say gay
• fake and gay
• gay-ass
• gay baby jail
• gay bar
• gay bash, gay-bash
• gay basher
• gay bob
• gay bomb
• gayborhood
• gay boy
• Gaybraham
• gay cancer
• gay chicken
• gay curious
• gaydar, gay-dar
• gay death
• gay district
• gaydom
• gay enclave
• gay for pay
• gay for the stay
• gay-friendliness
• gay-friendly, gay friendly
• gay ghetto
• gay-hate
• gay icon
• gay-in
• gay liberation
• gay man
• gay marriage
• gay marry, gay-marry
• gay neighborhood, gay neighbourhood
• gayness
• gay panic
• gay panic defense
• gay plague
• gay pride
• gay quarter
• gay-related immune deficiency, gay-related immunodeficiency
• gay rights
• gay-shame
• gay-shaming
• gaysome
• gay-straight alliance
• gay tyke boy
• gay up
• gay village
• guncle
• homogay
• I'm gay
• land rights for gay whales
• pray away the gay
• pray the gay away
• prison gay
• pro-gay
• trans the gay away

other senses

• begay
• gaiety
• gay 90s
• gay as a lark
• gay as springtime
• gay blade
• gay dog
• Gay Dutch
• gayety
• gay lady
• gay old time
• nosegay
• with gay abandon

関連する語

• jay

派生した語

• → Cantonese: 基 (gei1)
  • → Mandarin: 基 (jī)
• → Catalan: gai
• → Esperanto: geja
• → French: gay
• → German: gay
• → Greek: γκέι (gkéi)
• → Irish: aerach (calque)
• → Italian: gay
• → Japanese: ゲイ (gei)
• → Mandarin: gay (gèi)
• → Portuguese: gay, guei
• → Romanian: gay
• → Spanish: gay
• → Telugu: గే (gē)
• → Thai: เกย์ (gee)
• → Turkish: gey

名詞

gay (複数形 gays)

1. (now chiefly in the plural) A homosexual, especially a male homosexual.
   Coordinate term: lesbian
2. (dialectal, obsolete) Something which is bright or colorful, such as a picture or a flower.
   • a. 1900, W. R. Eaton of Norfolk, quoted in 1900, Joseph Wright, The English Dialect Dictionary:
     There's a good child; look at the gays, and keep quiet.
3. (obsolete) An ornament, a knick-knack.
   • 1906, Cornish Notes & Queries: (first Series) (Cornish Telegraph, Peter Penn), page 132:
     If however the stranger be suspected of “sailing under false colours," when they are all in familiar chat about nothing in particular, “Cousin Jacky” will take occasion to say to the new chum, “My dear; ded 'e ever see a duck clunk a gay?" […] no more deceived by him than a duck can be made to clunk (swallow) a gay (fragment of broken crockery).

使用する際の注意点

• Gay may be regarded as offensive when used as a noun to refer to particular individuals.[12]
• Gay is sometimes used broadly to refer to any man who is attracted to and/or sexually active with other men, or any woman attracted to or active with other women, even if not exclusively, e.g. if their orientation is in fact bisexual.[13]

同意語

• see Thesaurus:homosexual person and Thesaurus:male homosexual

派生語

• (gay person): A-gay, baby gay, ex-gay, gay bashing, gold star gay, homogay, stage gay
• (colorful object または flower; ornament): nosegay

副詞

gay

1. (Scotland, Northern England) Considerably, very.
   • 1892-3, Mrs. Humphry Ward, The History of David Grieve, volume I, page 19:
     She'll mak naw moor mischeef neets—she's gay quiet now!

参照

• Eric Partridge (2005) “gay”, in Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor, editors, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, volume 1 (A–I), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 845.
• Joseph Wright, editor (1900), “GAY”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volumes II (D–G), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC.

1. ^ Alain Rey, ed., Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, vol. 2, s.v. “gai” (Paris: Le Robert, 2006).
2. ^ Marlies Philippa et al., eds., Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, A-Z, s.v. “gauw” (Amsterdam UP, 3 Dec. 2009): [1].
3. ^ Louis Guinet, Les emprunts gallo-romans au germanique (Paris: Klincksieck, 1982).
4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ganhu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167f.
5. ^ Anatoly Liberman (2012 February 1) “The deep roots of gaiety”, in OUPblog
6. ^ Blackmer, Corrine E (1995), "Gertrude Stein", in Claude J. Summers, The Gay and Lesbian Literary Heritage, →ISBN
7. ^ Gertrude Stein (1922) “Miss Furr and Miss Skeene”, in Geography and Plays:
8. ^ Robert K. Barnhart, ed., Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, s.v. “gay” (Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap, [2008], c1988), 425.
9. ^ Stephan Cohen, The Gay Liberation Youth Movement in New York: ‘An Army of Lovers Cannot Fail’ (2007, →ISBN), quoting Sylvia Rivera: "'If you want Gay Power, then you're going to have to fight for it. And you're going to have to fight until you win.' For Rivera, 'gay' meant non-heteronormative (または 'queer' in today's lexicon), crossing sexual and gender boundaries to include lesbians, gay men, and transvestites, as well as the street youth who had participated in Stonewall."
10. ^ Rachel Kranz, Tim Cusick, Gay Rights (2014, →ISBN), page 3: For convenience, this volume uses gay, gay rights, and gay people as umbrella terms to include gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals. In some cases transgender people are also included in the term, although many transgender people do not consider themselves gay or lesbian, and at some points in gay history, transgender rights were considered part of the gay rights movement.
11. ^ Lacey Sloan, Nora Gustavsson, Violence and Social Injustice Against Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People (2014, →ISBN), page 116: Latina lesbians, Latino gays and bisexuals may experience a triple stigma and oppression when they are not fully accepted in the gay community because of their ethnicity[.]
12. ^ The American Heritage® Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English (1996), "gay"
13. ^ For example: David Kaufman, Untying the Knot: A Husband and Wife's Story of Coming Out Together (2012, →ISBN): Gays, and apparently lesbians, are discouraged from being openly bisexual. The cultural standard in the gay community is that you have to pick one sex and stick to it.

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G-A-Y

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/06/13 00:02 UTC 版)

英語による解説

ウィキペディア英語版からの引用

Gay

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/05/18 23:05 UTC 版)

英語による解説

ウィキペディア英語版からの引用

Gay?

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2010/12/13 11:33 UTC 版)

英語による解説

ウィキペディア英語版からの引用

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