standard - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Middle English standard, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Frankish *standahard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand +‎ -ard. An alternative etymology derives the second element from Frankish *oʀd (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old French ordé (“pointed”), Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). Merged with Middle English standar, stander, standere (“flag, banner”, literally “stander”), equivalent to stand +‎ -er. More at stand, hard, ord. As a hill-naming term possibly a calque from Cumbric; equivalent to Welsh lluman (“standard”), arising with confusion with the hill-naming element llumon (“chimney”).[1]

standard (comparative more standard, superlative most standard)

  1. Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
    Synonyms: customary, ordinary, typical; see also Thesaurus:normal, Thesaurus:standard
  2. (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc.
    • 1863, Anthony Trollope, Rachel Ray:
      There are women who cannot grow alone as standard trees;—for whom the support and warmth of some wall, some paling, some post, is absolutely necessary […].
  3. Having recognized excellence or authority.
    standard works in history; standard authors
  4. Of a usable or serviceable grade or quality.
  5. (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having a manual transmission.
  6. As normally supplied (not optional).
    • 2024, NTSB, Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:
      Although marketed by Daimler as standard equipment, Triton requested that Daimler deliver the 2022 truck-tractor without collision avoidance technology. As a result, Triton received a cost discount on its truck order, which included this truck. Triton told the NTSB that the owner and several of the drivers had field-tested an earlier version of the equipment, and they did not like its performance.
    • 2024, NTSB, Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:
      A study funded by the FMCSA found that although several heavy-vehicle manufacturers have voluntarily made AEB “standard” on many new truck models, they also offer “deletion credits” to customers who choose to remove AEB, which provides customers financial incentive to forego the technology and which ultimately reduces voluntary adoption rates
  7. (linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety.

falling within an accepted range

conforming to the standard variety

A mail standard of the 16th century; the transition between the more densely linked upstanding throat/neck part and the less densely linked shoulder section of the collar can be seen.

standard (plural standards)

  1. A principle or example or measure used for comparison.
    1. A level of quality or attainment.
      Synonym: benchmark
      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
        The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; […]. Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.
    2. Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
      Synonym: yardstick
      • 1712, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal For Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue:
        the court, which used to be the standard of propriety and correctness of speech
    3. A musical work of established popularity.
      • 1983 December 3, Jolanta Benal, “Spandex, Sousa, Bad Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 20, page 6:
        I was disappointed when the concert ended with a "Tribute to Irving Berlin" that included "God Bless America" and two John Philip Sousa numbers, the "Washington Post" and "Stars and Stripes Forever." […] I think it's wrong, wrong, wrong for a gay band to play music that celebrates the martial life. There's plenty of other rousing music around, so how about dumping some of those armed forces standards.
    4. A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government.
      • 2024 April 10, Jen Christiensen, “Biden administration sets first national standard to limit ‘forever chemicals’ in drinking water”, in CNN‎[1]:
        The Biden administration finalized the first national standard to limit dangerous “forever chemicals” found in nearly half of the drinking water in the United States.
      • 2024 October 9, Hadas Gold, Liam Reilly and Brian Stelter, “Shari Redstone says CBS leaders made ‘bad mistake’ with handling of Ta-Nehisi Coates interview fallout”, in CNN‎[2]:
        In stark opposition to what CBS editorial leadership told staff on Monday, Redstone said that she did not believe Dokoupil had violated the network’s editorial standards when he grilled Coates over the contents of his new book.
    5. The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established for coinage.
      • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations:
        By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.
    6. (sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language[2]
    7. A bottle of wine containing 0.750 liters of fluid.
    8. (India) Grade level in primary or secondary education.
      I am in fifth standard.
      • 2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 179:
        I finished my twelfth standard with less than stellar marks.
  2. A vertical pole with something at its apex.
    1. An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
    2. The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.
    3. One of the upright members that supports the horizontal axis of a transit or theodolite.
    4. Any upright support, such as one of the poles of a scaffold.
    5. A sturdy, woody plant whose upright stem is used to graft a less hardy ornamental flowering plant on, rather then actually planting it.
    6. A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.
      • 1685, William Temple, Miscellanea. The Second Part. […], London: […] T. M. for Ri[chard] and Ra[lph] Simpson, […], published 1690, →OCLC, page 111:
        In the more temperate parts of France [gardens are] part laid out for Flowers, others for Fruits, ſome Standards, ſome againſt Walls or Paliſades, [...]
      • 1907, William Schlich, Schlich's Manual of Forestry, page 415:
        It [Loranthus europaeus] grows chiefly on the branches of standards over coppice.
    7. The sheth of a plough.
  3. (in place names, chiefly Northern England, Scotland) a cairn or tumulus
    1. a hill with a cairn or tumulus at its summit
  4. A manual transmission vehicle.
  5. (botany) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.
  6. (shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
  7. A large drinking cup.
  8. (historical) A collar of mail protecting the neck.
    Synonym: pisane
    • 1903, The Archaeological Journal, page 104:
      The scales generally showed on the face of the garment or defence, and we find body armour, gorgets, habergeons, standards or neck defences, and even the camailt of this class of armour.
    • 1992, Matthias Pfaffenbichler, British Museum, Armourers:
      Goldsmiths also made gold and silver mail for the decorations of helmets and gorgets. The will of Duke Philip the Good shows that he owned a mail standard (collar) made of solid gold.
    • 2008, Josephine Wilkinson, Richard III: The Young King to be, Amberley Publishing Limited, →ISBN:
      The throat and upper chest was protected by the gorget plate, mail standard or a metal wrapper. Whichever helm Richard chose to wear, it might have had a keyhole at the top to allowed insignia to be inserted.
    • 2013, George Cameron Stone, A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor: in All Countries and in All Times, Courier Corporation, →ISBN:
      [page 286:] A defense for the neck variously described as a combination of gorget and bevor worn with a salade, and as a standard of mail, or collar, worn under the plate gorget.
      [page 426:] Baron de Cosson says (Helmets and Mail 110): “Thus in the British Museum there is a standard of mail of which the rings of the top edge are exceedingly close and stiff, […] "
    • 2016, Ivor Noel Hume, Audrey Noel Hume, The Archaeology of Martin's Hundred: Part 1, Interpretive Studies; Part 2, Artifact Catalog, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 151:
      Mail was also used to provide skirts substituting for tassets, for collars called "standards" substituting for gorgets, as well as for coats (long) and shirts (short). Consequently finding a few links gives little or no clue to their source. The few from the Fort, however, include copper-alloy (brass?) links, ...
  9. Ellipsis of standard poodle.
    • 1968, Jeff Griffen, The Poodle Book, page 36:
      Since standards are large dogs, they grow much more rapidly than miniatures and toys, which means that they require more supplements.
  10. A measure for timber. [3]

Descendants

a flag or ensign

standard

  1. (UK, slang) An expression of agreement.

  2. ^ William John Watson (1926), Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, Edinburgh: Birlinn, →ISBN, page 212

  3. ^ Jack Croft Richards; Richard W. Schmidt (2010), Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Pearson Education Limited, →ISBN, page 554

  4. ^ Standard (timber unit) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

standard m inan

  1. standard

From English standard.

standard c (singular definite standarden, plural indefinite standarder)

  1. standard

English standard. Doublet of étendard.

standard m (plural standards)

  1. standard
  2. switchboard

standard (feminine standarde, masculine plural standards, feminine plural standardes)

  1. standard
  1. ^ “standard”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Borrowed from English.

standard (invariable)

  1. standard

standard m (invariable)

  1. standard
  1. ^ standard in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Borrowed from Old French estandart, probably from Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”), from Frankish *standan (“to stand”) + *hard(ī) (“hard, firm”).

standard (plural standards)

  1. A standard; a flag identifying a military unit.
  2. Any upright or supporting object:
    1. (espcially construction) A vertical pole or support.
    2. A tower (such as a water tower or siege engine)
    3. A large candlestick or its holder.
    4. A tall upright container (such as a chest or vessel)
    5. (rare) A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking)
    6. (forestry, rare) An uncut tree.
  3. A reference for or exemplar of a standard measure.
  4. (by extension, rare) A standard or exemplar.
  5. (cooking, rare) The primary dish in a course.
  6. (armour, rare) A gorget; an armoured neckpiece.

From Old French estandart, via English standard.

standard (singular and plural **standard, comparative mer standard, superlative mest standard)

  1. standard

standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standarder, definite plural standardene)

  1. a standard

From Old French estandart, via English standard.

standard (singular and plural **standard, comparative meir standard, superlative mest standard)

  1. standard

standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standardar, definite plural standardane)

  1. a standard

Borrowed from English standard. Doublet of sztandar.

standard m inan

  1. standard

Unadapted borrowing from English standard, from Old French estandart. Doublet of estandarte.

standard m (invariable)

  1. standard

standard (invariable)

  1. standard

Borrowed from French standard.

standard n (plural standarde)

  1. standard

stàndard m inan (Cyrillic spelling ста̀ндард)

  1. standard

standard c

  1. a standard, a norm