Automobile Engineering Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In automatic transmission we generally use the centrifugal clutch which gives us the transmission efficiency of 76%. In recent practice it does not make any difference to travelling but in other way there are some losses in it. Of course, it is not major but we losses 24 % of engine power. In actual practice it is not possible to get 100 % efficiency, but we can reach nearer to it. By using fluid coupling it will extracted up to 85%. So that we can minimize the losses of engine power, this is justified experimentally, we get the efficiency up to 82% at higher load. The efficiency increased by 5 %. Fluid coupling uses the rotation which is loosed during the start up of centrifugal clutch that is first 1000 rpm. Hence, with little modification of centrifugal clutch with fluid coupling we can increase the efficiency of transmission up to 82 %. As we used a standard type of fluid coupling and we get this efficiency. With proper design and manufacturing will result up to 87 % transmission efficiency.

- by Aditya Arvind Yadav
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- Automobile Engineering

BMW has never disappointed any of the customer when it comes to dynamic sporty driving experience on the road. It is the car of dreams in every aspect. Powerful engines, dynamic power range, beautiful interior and elegant exterior make it... more

- by James Linger
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- Automotive Industry, Automobile, Automotive Engineering, Automotive

Mg–6Zn–5Al–4RE (RE= Mischmetal, mass%) alloy was prepared by metal mould casting method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and heat-treated alloys were investigated. The results show that the phase compositions of the as-cast state alloy are supersaturated solid solution α-Mg, lamellar β-Al12Mg17, polygonal Al3RE and cluster Al2REZn2 phases. The mechanical properties, especially the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloy were significantly improved by the heat treatment. Fracture surface ...

Automobile production has always been an important segment of the industries of North America, Japan and Western Europe. The technical complexity of automobiles led at an early stage to pioneering production techniques, which later on were often transferred into other industrial sectors. In this way automobile production was a driving force in the development of the industrial nations in the 20th century In this , major technological challenges are discussed and the current state of manufacturing technology and research is presented we emphasis on HEV vehicle modeling and simulation, power and energy management, energy storage devices, propulsion systems and influence of driving cycle that affect the overall efficiency and fuel economy.

A study, based in part on patents, of the evolution of racing and sports car chassis-frames in, roughly, the 1940-1980 period, with a special focus on Aston Martin and some of its contemporaries (eg Mercedes-Benz, Cooper, Lotus, etc.).

- by Ralph Gallagher
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- History of Technology, Automobile Engineering

Emission from engine exhaust is series problem for environment point of view. For that search for alternative fuel is encouraged. The main problems with the use of neat vegetable oils in diesel engines are higher smoke levels and lower thermal efficiency as compared to diesel. The problem can be tackled by inducting a gaseous fuel in the intake manifold along with air. In this investigation, hydrogen is used as the inducted fuel. It is expected that, the problems associated with vegetable oil fueled engine like smoke and hydrocarbon emissions can be brought down by supplying hydrogen in small quantities along with air. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance emission and combustion parameters in a compression ignition engine primarily fuelled with an emulsion of bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of biomass source and methyl ester of karanja with different quantities of hydrogen being inducted. The brake thermal efficiency was 28.64% and 32.02% with diesel and WPO-MEK oi...

- by gandhi pullagura
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- Chemistry, Automobile Engineering

Water is among the natural resources that needed by living organisms such as human. Rapid development through human activities leading to the water pollution existed in river, for example Malacca River. Therefore, a literature review has been conducted to identify the effectiveness of using remote sensing towards water quality in Malacca River. Various research studies conducted by scientists and researchers stated that data from the satellite like Landsat, IKONOS, SPOT, IRS, CZCS, and SeaWiFS may be applied in assessing water quality parameters including suspended matter, turbidity, phytoplankton, and dissolved organic matter. The measurement for water quality parameters can be carried out through in-situ measurement, as experimental examination may be done through on-site studies and inside laboratories. Water quality assessment is extremely needed to strengthen the result produced through analysis of remote sensing data to determine the impacts and factors that contributed to the river pollution. As a result, remote sensing data from Landsat, IKONOS, Quickbird and SPOT may be applied to determine water quality parameters such as suspended matter, phytoplankton, turbidity, dissolved organic matter, and other parameters in the Malacca River. As conclusion, remote sensing has become a tool in monitoring and solving water quality issues, serving as a basis for management activities and planning activities in terms of river water quality.

A complete car care package includes all the essentials of a vehicle. Once you take your car to the mechanic for this service, they will check all the leading systems of a car to ensure a smooth running.

- by Western Auto
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- Automobile Engineering

Since the Industrial Revolution, maintenance of engineering equipment in the field has
been a challenge. Although impressive progress has been made in maintaining
equipment in the field in an effective manner, maintenance of equipment is still a
challenge due to factors such as size, cost, complexity, and competition. Needless to
say, today’s maintenance practices are market driven, in particular for the
manufacturing and process industry, service suppliers, and so on.

- by YV Nitesh
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- Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Automation, Automobile Engineering

Nowadays, the interest in using natural fibers reinforced plastic have been increased dramatically in many engineering applications due to its distinctive properties such as low density, good Energy-absorbing capacity, and is considered environmentally friendly. In the present paper investigated experimentally the crashworthiness characteristics and corresponding energy-absorbing capability of different geometrical shapes under quasi-static loading of natural tubular jute mat/epoxy composite structures. The purpose is to determine the appropriate design of natural compounds, which can provide the potential to substitute conventional structures currently in use. Two different geometrical shapes (corrugated and circular tubes) were fabricated by a combination manual lay-up and vacuum-bagging moulding techniques, specimen thickness (2, 3 and 4 laminate plies), tulip triggering and 100mm in length, and then the post-curing has been conducted on graded temperature treatment. The influenc...

- by Salih Meri
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- Materials Science, Automobile Engineering
- by tushar gupta
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- Engineering, Automobile Engineering

Recent advances in smartphones and affordable open-source hardware platforms have enabled the development of low-cost architectures for Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled home automation and security systems. These systems usually consist of sensing and actuating layer that is made up of sensors such as passive infrared sensors, also known as motion sensors; temperature sensors; smoke sensors, and web cameras for security surveillance. These sensors, smart electrical appliances, and other IoT devices connect to the Internet through a home gateway. This project is based on implementation of an IoT based home security system, to be able to control entrance from anywhere in the world is the major aim of this project and at same time it should be secured, and this was achieved with the use of Internet of things and some other electronics components. An automatic door control system working through a mobile app and also through a keypad was achieved. IoT refers to the infrastructure of con...

Indian history in all its evidences considered women as source of power, blessing and wealth. They considered women as goddess and worshipped her for all prosperity but still this gender is known to be most downtrodden and exploited even .after passing of many centuries the condition is stagnant. Instead of endless social and legal efforts the section of society is still unable to make way for better life. This article presents a very tiny idea for women empowerment through own efforts. The concept of self-help groups is discussed and its importance in empowerment of women is enumerated. This is defined as a way for upliftment of female section of backward society.

Leadership means, " Process of influencing group activities towards the accomplishment of goals in a given situation " and from the said definition says: # Leadership is a relationship between two or more. # Leadership does not grow in a vacuum. # Leadership is function of a leader, etc. Therefore, Total Quality Leadership is a strategic approach to producing best students from the Engineering College in India and in this regard , the new economic policies of the Govt of India aimed at globalization represent a Copernican Revolution in economic thinking in this country like India. For the competitive environment, TQL has gained wide importance in industry and is generally being introduced in Educational Institutions like Engineering College in India. However, educational system can't be treated as industry. But there are similarities with respect to their sub-components. Each of these viewed as a system consists of input, process, management, resources, output and feedback. For the engineering colleges the system is complex, as it involves human beings as input to and output from the system. Students are input and customer too.

- by Porag Kalita
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- Automobile Engineering, TQM In Academics

In general, manufacturing sector is a leading industry of the world economy which has created products that have provided utility and fulfilled consumption needs. In particular, the automobile industry is one of the foremost global sectors with real socioeconomic impact on livelihood. This sector has created substantial direct and indirect jobs in addition to its integrated multiplier effect on socioeconomic activities. The sector has further contributed to technology development and transfer in the global economy. The paper summarizes the characteristics, trends, challenges and importance of the global automobile industry. It further analyzes the viability of modularization design and production model from the perspective of gains, patterns of trade, international trade and comparative advantage within the field of international economics. With the objective of proposing effective policies at the firm, Country and regional levels for the automobile as well as other high technology industries.

Suspension system is one of the challenging portions in designing a vehicle. The
complete stability of the vehicle under dynamic conditions depends on the suspension system of
the vehicle. Suspension system of a vehicle is interlinked with other systems such as steering,
Wheels and Brakes. The main objective of this document is to provide complete guidance in
designing and calculation of an independent suspension system with double control arms. The
required parameters are calculated on considering a prototype vehicle with gross weight of 350 kg
such as required stiffness of shock absorbers, Ride frequency, Motion ratio, Coefficient of
damping etc. A CADD model was made with CATIA v5 r20 and SOLIDWORKS on the basis of
calculations obtained and stress analysis was carried out for this model in various software such
as Ansys. The complete assembled model was tested in LOTUS Shark and the result was obtained.

- by Sharath Prasanna R
- •
- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Vehicle Dynamics, Electric Vehicles

It is argued by many in the field of sustainable development that the need to use cleaner, more energy efficient and less environment ally damaging technologies has never been more urgent, particularly in relation to transport and mobility. The problems of global warming and pollution, as well as issues of energy security, have acted as a spur to a global search for alternatives to the internal combustion engine.

- by Chris Kimble
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- China, Electric Vehicles, Global Warming, Automobile Engineering
- by konney naveen
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- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Wear

Aerodynamic study of Dassault rafale aircraft using computational fluid dynamics method clarified the effect of shock waves encountered by delta wing in cruising supersonic medium. Analysis was carried out by using CAD model of the RAFALE aircraft with analytical calculations of fluid parameters which helped to observe the behaviour of supersonic flow over the selected aircraft. Different supersonic airfoils were used in wing configurations and analysed with suitable boundary condition. Each airfoil with wing considered as different cases. Analytical calculation of flow parameters were determined from the shock angle that has been encountered by the wing section of RAFALE aircraft. These flow parameters further used to decide the characteristic, strength and property of the shock waves. Also helped to conclude the result by comparing the fluid parameters. For futuristic study, supersonic wedge airfoil is introduced and gave promising results for same boundary condition. This study may help in future for optimisation of delta wing for supersonic flow with constant swept back angle.

- by IJRAME Journal and +1
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- Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Military Science, Aeronautical Engineering

Product recalls in automobile industry are a recent phenomenon, This research paper examines both technological defects /problems and commercial failures across the leading automobile manufacturers in USA /UK /Europe and compares with... more

- by balasubramaniam santhanam
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- Automobile Safety, Automobile, Automobile Engineering

In the current scenario of rising fuel prices and increased environmental awareness, it has become essentially necessary for the vehicles to have a better fuel saving technology. To overcome this, advancement in automobile technology has given rise to Hybrid vehicles which has a promising and cleaner future. At present, many electric and hydraulic hybrid vehicles are available but none of them have a strong advantage over the conventional vehicles because of their inherent inefficiencies. The aim of this project is to create an improvised model of hydraulic regenerative braking system. The system consists of a reversible hydraulic unit which would act both as a pump and motor based on the requirement. The hydraulic fluid is pumped to high pressure accumulator which converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy and vice-versa during the phases of braking and acceleration, thereby recovering the energy wasted during braking. The main advantages are reduced power consumption and impro...

- by Manas Bhat
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- Mechanical Engineering, Automobile, Brake System, Automobile Engineering

The paper proposes a novel car ignition system to replace the traditional wired technology and enhance vehicle security. This new system uses wireless transmissions to start the engine and hence eliminates the ignition wire behind the dashboard. It also allows the user to set a password of his/her choice to keep the system protected. A theft alarm that goes ‘’ON’’ when an unusual activity is sensed and/or when the wrong password is attempted to unlock the system is integrated in the system. Moreover, important factors such as economic feasibility, adaptability to the new vehicle technologies and customers’ preferences have been taken into consideration in the design of the proposed vehicle security system.

- by Mouloud Denai
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- Computer Science, Automobile Engineering
- by Porag Kalita
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- Automobile Engineering

This work reports the effects of varying fiber length and percentage composition of tensile strength of okra and banana fiber
reinforced composite. The fibers were mixed with 10%, 30%, and 50% okra and banana fiber content before chopping them to
lengths of 10mm, 30mm and 50mm. The fibers were treated with 2% of NaOH, for an hour under constant stirring and allowed
for 24hrs at room temperature and then dried in open air for 6-7days. The purpose of chemical treatment is to remove the
moisture content on the fibers and to increase the tensile strength of the fibers. The fibers were subjected to tensile strength test
and the result shows that the optimum combination of banana fiber length and its content is on 50mm length and 30% banana
fiber content, while the okra fiber shows optimum value to be on 30% okra fiber content at 10mm length. Investigations,
research and development study are still on going for the determination of the optimum combination to yield the desired
properties.

- by Chidiebere S Metu and +2
- •
- Automobile Engineering

A Gearless Mechanical transmission includes a housing which supports a high speed shaft and a low speed shaft along a main rotational axis. It includes a plurality of identical linkages, each having an off-center center of rotation, an input end and an output end. It is provided for transmitting rotational velocity from an input shaft to an output shaft without gears. The transmission includes an input shaft connected to a wedge. Both the input shaft and the wedge have rotational axes. The rotational axis of the input shaft is disposed at an angle with respect to the rotational axis of the wedge.

This is a PDF/Scribd version of the PowerPoint material for a SAWE seminar given initially at the 2017 SAWE Regional Conference (Irving, Tx), and then again at the 2019 SAWE International Conference (Norfolk, Va). The course objective was to enable the student to make reasonably accurate maximum lateral acceleration, rollover lateral acceleration, directional stability, and steering responsiveness determinations in the course of vehicle design. The student was also to become acquainted with such things as the calculation of roll resistance, suspension roll center location, sprung mass roll axis inclination, sprung mass roll inertia, sprung mass roll moment arm, sprung mass roll angle under lateral acceleration, vehicle roll gain, vehicle dynamic index in yaw, transient center of rotation location, and transient yaw inertia. There was also considerable time spent on the behavior of tires under lateral load and “Ackermann Steering Geometry” relationships.
This seminar is very important for anyone engaged in vehicle design, in particular those designing with an emphasis on performance, and special effort has been expended to make it particularly relevant for those involved in the SAE Student Formula Design Competition. However, no one completing this course will walk away without having acquired some degree of enlightenment.

- by Brian P Wiegand
- •
- Automotive Systems Engineering, Automobile Safety, Automotive History, Automobile

European Union confirmed the “Vision Zero” objective in June 2019, as to achieve zero deaths and serious injuries by 2050. This can only be attained through connected and autonomous vehicles integrated into intelligent transport systems and a sustainable mobility system. This requires a cost-effective, fast,and efficient development process for advanced connected and autonomous vehicle functions. In this article, a methodology to develop low-speed Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which is one of the most important functions of an autonomous vehicle, is explained. Vehicle tracking at slow speeds is a problem especially for conventional vehicles with high levels of nonlinearities in the powertrain system. As a part of a university-industry collaboration project “SAE level 3 autonomous bus development”, a flexible and realistic discrete plant model including longitudinal vehicle and powertrain model has been developed and discrete low-speed ACC is designed. The plant model aims to perfor...

- by Orhan Alankus
- •
- Computer Science, Automobile Engineering

In the present work, a sectional model of the exhaust manifold has been studied to reduce the heat loss by insulating the pipe with different insulating materials. Four different insulating materials were used to increase the thermal resistance of the exhaust manifold so that there would be less heat loss in the manifold. The model with the insulating materials was modeled and discretized. The thermal and structural properties have been assigned to the discretized model and processed for analysis. The heat flux from the exhaust gas is taken as input to the analysis model. Heat loss and temperature difference were taken as output. From the present analysis, it can be said that by using these four materials, the heat loss through the exhaust manifold will be reduced.

The main purpose of the paper is to determine the change in vehicle energy efficiency due to using the air conditioning system. There is a connection between the changes in vehicle energy efficiency and fuel consumption together with time needed for vehicle acceleration. The paper comprises the measurement results performed at stabilized speeds as well as during vehicle acceleration. The final part of the paper outlines the result of calculation of change in vehicle energy efficiency resulting from air conditioning unit used during New European Driving Cycle.

This article was originally published in the Winter 1982/83 Issue of the Society of Allied Weight Engineers (SAWE) Journal, pp. 10 to 15, copyright Brian Paul Wiegand/SAWE. It was the precursor to the SAWE Paper #3528, “Mass Properties and Automotive Lateral Acceleration”, presented in 2011 for the 70th Annual International Conference of the SAWE at Houston Tx. It was also the seed for what ultimately sprouted into the SAWE seminar “Automotive Lateral Dynamics and Mass Properties” given initially at the 2017 SAWE Regional Conference (Irving, Tx), and then again at the 2019 SAWE International Conference (Norfolk, Va).
The maximum lateral acceleration level which an automobile can attain in turning is an important index of performance and safety. The obtaining of high maximum acceleration levels has certain inherent weight and center of gravity implications of great significance for the automotive design engineer. The purpose of this article is to examine the physics of automotive turning maneuvers so as to make those weight and c.g. implications explicit.

This is the Eco Kart, Go Kart report format made for "INDO-ASIAN SOLAR CHALLENGE 2015"

- by Abhishank Jain
- •
- Mechatronics, Mechatronics & Robotics, Automobile Engineering

The intent of this paper, again revised (Rev. G), is to show that a vehicle designed in true accordance with the balanced viewpoint of a professional mass properties engineer may not only demonstrate superior acceleration, braking, and handling, but superior ride, stability, fuel economy, and safety as well. If a design begins with the first principles of how mass properties affect automotive performance in all its aspects , and is optimized accordingly in an integrated manner, then the resulting advanced automotive design may truly “go where none have gone before”.

This paper deals with, the problems involved in two-wheel steering mechanism and how those can be overcome by implementing four-wheel steering mechanism. India's terrain varies widely, a typically used two-wheel steering system is less stable than four-wheel steering system which is best equipped while dealing with it[1]. It advances its stability and control at higher speed, neutral steering, maneuverability, turning radius. In this paper efforts are made to make a cost effective and efficient mechanism of four-wheel steering using rack and pinion and an intermediate shaft. It allows the driver to change from two-wheel to four-wheel according to its requirement. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150777

- by Denisha Vachhani
- •
- Machine Design, Automobile Engineering

The Federal Military Government under the leadership of General Yakubu Gowon initiated plans to establish the Peugeot Automobile of Nigeria (PAN). The idea was concretized on October 6, 1969 when the Government invited sixteen (16)... more

A motorcycle frame is a non-standard structural component of a motorcycle linking various components of the vehicle systems and providing the vehicle rigidity and strength while running on various road conditions. This study is aimed at designing the frame of a two-wheeler, two-seater motorcycle for an electric mobility purpose, while considering strength, safety and optimum performance of the vehicle. The said study has been carried out with a two-step approach. The first step includes modelling of the frame as per structural and ergonomic considerations, the design constraints governed by the front and rear suspension, steering and transmission systems and assemblies as well as the determination of loads acting on the frame. The second step is the stress analysis using finite element analysis software and design modifications for weight reduction without affecting structural strength.

- by Saurabh Rege
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Automobile Engineering

While cars are getting closer to complete connectivity, electric and autonomous propulsion, the need for a well-developed and wellcoordinated database increases. Also, the presence of technology in the manufacturing process of a car, can... more

- by Bogdan Voinea
- •
- Automobile Safety, Automotive Industry, Automobile, Automotive
- by Dr Etim Ubong
- •
- Automobile Engineering, Omics

1. Abstract: Increased awareness regarding the adverse effects of pollutants from automobile exhaust gases has been the main driving force for implementation of more and more stringent legislation on automobile exhaust emissions in many Countries. On Board Diagnostic (OBD), regulations in the USA for light and medium duty vehicles (I. C. Engines) are introducing to implement the air quality standard. California and the Federal Government used a driving cycle to certify 1966 and newer models which referred to as either California Cycle or the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). The California Air Resource Board (CARB) and the objective to reduce hydrocarbon (HC) emission caused by malfunction of the vehicles emission control systems adopted the California code of Regulations (CCR) known as OBD – II. The diagnosis is based on the oxygen sensor response time that is the amount of time to complete a switch from rich to lean or lean to rich transition that gives the ability to control the engine at stochiometric Air Fuel ratio. Typical values of lean mean voltage and rich mean voltage are 300 to 600 mill volts respectively. For post-cat O2 sensor, in particular, voltage level checks and heater systems checked and done and the failure thresholds for the post O2 sensor, diagnostic must not be set at a point beyond the failure limit where the catalyst diagnostic is affected.

- by Porag Kalita
- •
- Automobile Engineering

Medicinal plants make many chemical compounds for biological functions including defense against bacteria, fungi and viruses. The phytochemicals on the human body in exactly the same way as pharmaceutical drugs, herbal medicines can be beneficial and have harmful side effects just like conventional drugs. In the present investigation suggested that the analysis of qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of medicinal plants with aqueous and methanol solvent extract were performed and the medicinal plant was collected from kalrayan hills, Villupuram district, Tamilnadu. The selected medicinal plants such as Acalypha indica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Cipadessa baccifera, Eupatorium odoratum, Dodoniea viscose, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Mallotus philippensis, Mukia madasapatana, Ocimum gratisimum, Stachyarpheta jamaicenis, Solanum trilobatum, and Vitex trifolia were investigated and analysis of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols,reducing sugar saponnins, steroids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids represented in various aspects of strongly presented and some of the phytochmicals also observed. The quantitative phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids were performed from the twelve medicinal plants. Among the twelve medicinal plants, the Eupatorium odoratum was excellent indicative of phytochemicals in qualitatively as well as quantitatively recorded when compared with other medicinal plants with aqueous extract. The medicinal plants are used for discovering and screening of the phytochemical constituents which are very helpful for the preparation of new drugs.

To achieve reliable and cost effective diagnosis, Motor current signature analysis is used to investigate the use of an induction motor as a transducer to indicate the faults in multistage gearbox via analyzing supply parameters such as phase current and instantaneous power. In gearboxes, load fluctuations on the gearbox and gear defects are two major sources of vibration. Further at times, measurement of vibration in the gearbox is not easy because of the inaccessibility in mounting the vibration transducers. This analysis system can be used for measuring the characteristics for a perfectly working gearbox and use the data as a standard for measuring faults and defects in other gearboxes. The objective of this paper is to design and diagnose fault in the gearbox using motor current analysis system at different gear operations on different loads. Steady load conditions on the gearbox are tested for current signatures during different gear operations. Also found the minimum power required to run on different gears and gear ratio. The motor current analysis system can be used further to specify mainly faults in the gear, misalignment of meshed gears, loss of contact of the gears and bearing wear.

- by IJRES Journal
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- Automobile Engineering

The purpose of prototyping is to validate the material and geometrical shape of the design created for a product. The properties and quality of the prototype created plays a vital role in validating the design. The selection of an appropriate process parameters for making the prototype has more influence over the mechanical properties and quality characteristics of the finished prototype. In other words, the success and market life of a product entirely relies upon the prototyping results. Rapid prototyping techniques generally involve numerous process parameters which need to be optimized to build a prototype with superior performance. Fused deposition modeling is one of the familiar and fascinating RP technique which has gained interest in the field of prototyping products of Engineering, Architecture, Medical, Automotive and Aerospace due to its simplicity and flexibility in creating conceptual models and functional parts with desired quality. In the present work Impact Hammer testing of FDM processed PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified(PET-G) and Acronitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastics is conducted to observe the influence of FDM process parameters. The major FDM parameters such as Infill Density (ID), Layer Thickness (LT) and Printing Speed (S) are considered to obtain Frequency Response Function (FRF) for PET-G and ABS plastics. The test results have shown considerable changes in vibration properties (Frequency and amplitude) in both the materials. A 23 (2 Levels, 3 Factors) design L4 Orthogonal Array is created using Minitab 17.0 is used for conducting the experiments.

- by Ali Kurtdere
- •
- Automobile Engineering

In this study, the brake system training and test device and disc brake system and drum brake system were performed in two separate tests. Brake tester and drum brake system with different pedal forces in the range 50-250 N range, braking force, pressure and temperature values were tested by testing the test device. The outputs of the experiment were tabulated and compared and interpreted on the graphs. The purpose of this experiment is to see the differences between the disc and drum brake system (such as the pedal force requirement, temperature differences). intended to be interpreted

Nowadays, in Speed breaker systems that receive their kinematic energy from vehicles passing over them in which generated kinetic and potential energies are converted to electrical energy. The speed bumps systems transfer energy in axial direction by means of spring in which energy is stored during operation. Speed bumps constitute an excellent solution for energy recovery in countries that are poor in national energy resources such As Lebanon; Lebanon suffers from limited natural resources that are used in generating electrical power. Hence, lighting streets during night time is a secondary to the local authorities since providing power to streets lighting needs a considerable amount of power. In this context, the present work concerns a prototype of speed bumps as well as an experimental study of the system performance.

- by Chetan Borase
- •
- Marketing, Automobile Engineering

This paper aims to highlight one of the serious issues relating to smart cars and that is their difficulty in overcoming obstacles as well as investigate potential solutions to mitigate said issue. It will focus primarily on the ability of smart cars to avoid static as well as dynamic obstacles that are either grounded or suspended in air. Several surveys have been cited to understand people's perspectives of smart cars. Scenarios are presented where smart cars could have difficulty in avoiding obstacles. Use of various motor technologies including proximity sensors and the application of the anti-lock braking system are described. Various solutions are presented with supporting mathematical evidence to avert collisions with close range obstacles. Finally, a brief summary on the future of smart car technology has been focused upon.

- by Saqib Rahman
- •
- Robotics, Physics, Automobile Engineering, Self-Driving Cars
- by Pulkit Jain and +1
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Ergonomics & Human Factors, Automobile Engineering, Behavioural Economics

Save fuel by 30% or more and reduce carbon emissions

- by Habibur Rahman and +1
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- Hydrogen, Air pollution, Air Pollution and Health Effects, Automobile