Aviation Security Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Due to intense competition, decreasing profit margin and demanding customers in air transport business, airlines have to measure their performance in order to remain competitive as well as sustainable in the airline market. The... more

Due to intense competition, decreasing profit margin and demanding customers in air transport business, airlines have to measure their performance in order to remain competitive as well as sustainable in the airline market. The performance of an airline depends on many factors those are known as key performance indicators (KPIs). This study makes an attempt to evaluate the key performance indicators of airlines. Evaluation of KPIs is done using a combined approach based on fuzzy theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. A case example of Indian airlines is conducted to illustrate the proposed model applicability. This study makes an important contribution to various airline companies by solving significant problems in order to enhance their performances in the competitive market with proposed methodology. This proposed method considered fuzzy framework that can handle impreciseness and uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to test the robustness of the proposed model.

The manner in which Aircraft Communications , Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) is being used has significantly changed over time. Whilst originally used by commercial airliners to track their flights and provide automated... more

The manner in which Aircraft Communications , Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) is being used has significantly changed over time. Whilst originally used by commercial airliners to track their flights and provide automated timekeeping on crew, today it serves as a multipurpose air-ground data link for many aviation stakeholders including private jet owners, state actors and military. Since ACARS messages are still mostly sent in the clear over a wireless channel, any sensitive information sent with ACARS can potentially lead to a privacy breach for users. Naturally, different stakeholders consider different types of data sensitive. In this paper we propose a privacy framework matching aviation stakeholders to a range of sensitive information types and assess the impact for each. Based on more than one million ACARS messages, collected over several months, we then demonstrate that current ACARS usage systematically breaches privacy for all stakeholder groups. We further support our findings with a number of cases of significant privacy issues for each group and analyze the impact of such leaks. While it is well-known that ACARS messages are susceptible to eavesdropping attacks, this work is the first to quantify the extent and impact of privacy leakage in the real world for the relevant aviation stakeholders.

INFOHAS, l’école des métiers du Tourisme de Rabat, fondé en 1996, acteur incontournable des métiers de l’aérien. Le but : former à Rabat des candidats au DAPNC - Filière de formation ATAM (Diplôme accrédité personnel navigant commercial),... more

INFOHAS, l’école des métiers du Tourisme de Rabat, fondé en 1996, acteur incontournable des métiers de l’aérien.
Le but : former à Rabat des candidats au DAPNC - Filière de formation ATAM (Diplôme accrédité personnel navigant commercial),
diplôme demandé pour postuler en compagnie aérienne sur des postes de PNC, Hôtesses de l'air et Stewards.

In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport security of the Office for Transportation Security (OTS) came from within the government bureaucracy itself. Most notable among these... more

In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport security of the Office for Transportation Security (OTS) came from within the government bureaucracy itself. Most notable among these challenges is the refusal of certain government agencies and instrumentalities (e.g. Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, Maritime Industry Authority) to recognize the authority of OTS to adopt security standards. They invoke their respective legislative charters and argue that they cannot be subjected to the oversight authority of an agency like OTS, which was created by " mere " Executive Orders (EO) (E.O. 277 2 amended by E.O. 311 3). These agencies and instrumentalities ignore the fact that the OTS succeeded to certain functions of the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH), which is a statutorily-created agency, as well as to the fact that Philippine Congress has consistently affirmed the creation of OTS by regularly providing its operational budget in the annual appropriations law.

As can be seen from the title, our paper intends to be thought-provoking in the topic of airport (more widely aviation) security. We discuss the difference between the two terms of “safety” and “security” (the Hungarian language has only... more

As can be seen from the title, our paper intends to be thought-provoking in the topic of airport (more widely aviation) security. We discuss the difference between the two terms of “safety” and “security” (the Hungarian language has only one expression for these two terms). In the article we overview the stakeholders of aviation, the current safety management system and the security-related approaches, research, and solutions.

The technological developments in next generation avionics and air traffic management systems triggered through various regional and international research initiatives and modernization programs introduces greater interdependency and... more

The technological developments in next generation avionics and air traffic management systems triggered through various regional and international research initiatives and modernization programs introduces greater interdependency and interconnectivity between airborne systems, ground systems and various stakeholders in the supply chain. The communication infrastructure would be the backbone of Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Systems (CNS/ATM). Furthermore the introduction of the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) which is an integral part of the Global Air Navigational Plan (GANP) of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) will become the global platform for information exchange. Security considerations against the threat of intentional unauthorised electronic interactions, commonly known as cyber security are a growing concern in Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems. In this regard, this paper reviews the existing fra...

Sivil havacılık sisteminin en temel amacı hava taşımacılığındaki risklerin en aza indirilmesidir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için yürütülen faaliyetler İngilizce alanyazında " aviation safety " adı verilen kavram kapsamına girmektedir. Bu kavram... more

Sivil havacılık sisteminin en temel amacı hava taşımacılığındaki risklerin en aza indirilmesidir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için yürütülen faaliyetler İngilizce alanyazında " aviation safety " adı verilen kavram kapsamına girmektedir. Bu kavram ile benzer amaç taşıyan ancak bazı farklılıkları olan diğer bir kavram ise İngilizce alanyazında " aviation security " adı verilen kavramdır. İngilizce dili bu farklı iki kavram için farklı iki kelime kullanan nadir dillerden birisidir. Türkçe'de ise her ikisi için de aynı anlamda " emniyet " ve " güvenlik " kelimeleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu durum böylesine önemli bir konuda ciddi bir kavram kargaşası yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma sözü edilen kavram kargaşasının ortadan kaldırılmasına yöneliktir. Çalışmada İngilizce'deki " safety ve " security " kelimelerinin anlamları araştırılmakta, İngilizce ve Türkçe Havacılık Terminolojilerindeki " aviation safety-havacılık emniyeti " ve " aviation security-havacılık güvenliği " adı verilen kavramlar incelenerek aralarındaki ilişki ve farklar ortaya konulmakta, Türk Sivil Havacılık Sektöründe çalışanların bu konudaki görüşleri alınmakta ve Türkçe Havacılık Terminolojisindeki kullanımları için öneriler getirilmektedir. The main goal of civil aviation system is to reduce the risks in air transportation to a minimum level. The activities performed to attain this goal take place in a concept named " aviation safety " in literature in English. Another concept that has same goal with " aviation safety " but has some different features is " Aviation Security ". English language is one of the rare languages that uses two different words for these two concepts. On the other hand it is used the words " emniyet " and " güvenlik " for both of these in Turkish Language. This situation causes a significant confusion in such an important subject. This study is for eliminating the confusion mentioned above. First of all, the meanings of the words " safety " and " security " in English are investigated in this study. Then the relationship and differences between these two different concepts are introduced by examining the " aviation safety " and " aviation security ". Following this examination the thoughts of Turkish Civil Aviation Employees on this subject are captured. Finally some suggestions are introduced for the use of these concepts in Turkish Aviation Terminology.

Currently, In most of the Airports in India, airline tickets and passenger identity proof are checked manually at the airport entry gate which can lead to the generation of illegitimate passenger migrations. Many individuals may generate... more

Currently, In most of the Airports in India, airline tickets and passenger identity proof are checked manually at the airport entry gate which can lead to the generation of illegitimate passenger migrations. Many individuals may generate fake identities on airline tickets for bad intentions work, leading to threats for the country. To overcome this problem, we are implementing a system in which the personal identity of an individual will be verified before he/she proceeds for booking and the airline ticket will be verified digitally at the airport entry gate. The process will have an Airline ticket that will consist of a QR code which will be MD5 Encrypted, for ticket validation. The same QR code will be scanned and verified by a secured android app at the airport entry gate by security executives, which will be directly linked with Airline databases. Once the scanning and decryption of the QR code are done, the airline ticket details (PNR) of the passengers will be cross verified with the database, which will confirm whether the ticket is genuine or not. Through this implementation, we can overcome many problems such as fake tickets/ identity time consumption, security anxieties, and many illegal migrations.

This paper offers a risk assessment profiling procedure (RAPP) for air cargo based on leveraging the role of the human factor along the security process. RAPP is based on principles taken from the Israeli method of passenger profiling and... more

This paper offers a risk assessment profiling procedure (RAPP) for air cargo based on leveraging the role of the human factor along the security process. RAPP is based on principles taken from the Israeli method of passenger profiling and suspicious signs published by the United State Department of Homeland Security. RAPP is challenged with the plot of 2010 to bomb an all-cargo airplane using explosives concealed in printers originated from Yemen. The core competence of RAPP is individually assessing the risk of each shipment by a qualified agent, who looks for suspicious signs and anomalous patterns and addressing the level of risk by adjusting appropriate technological resources for detecting the explosives. RAPP allows less screening of cargo and makes the security process of air cargo more active. The combination of the human factor and the right technological resources enhances the level of success in securing air cargo.

In an era of significant air traffic expansion characterised by a rising congestion of the radiofrequency spectrum and a widespread introduction of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are being... more

In an era of significant air traffic expansion characterised by a rising congestion of the radiofrequency spectrum and a widespread introduction of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are being exposed to a variety of threats including signal interferences, adverse propagation effects and challenging platform-satellite relative dynamics. Thus, there is a need to characterize GNSS signal degradations and assess the effects of interfering sources on the performance of avionics GNSS receivers and augmentation systems used for an increasing number of mission-essential and safety-critical aviation tasks (e.g., experimental flight testing, flight inspection/certification of ground-based radio navigation aids, wide area navigation and precision approach). GNSS signal deteriorations typically occur due to antenna obscuration caused by natural and man-made obstructions present in the environment (e.g., elevated terrain and tall buildings when flying at low altitude) or by the aircraft itself during manoeuvring (e.g., aircraft wings and empennage masking the on-board GNSS antenna), ionospheric scintillation, Doppler shift, multipath, jamming and spurious satellite transmissions. Anyone of these phenomena can result in partial to total loss of tracking and possible tracking errors, depending on the severity of the effect and the receiver characteristics. After describing GNSS performance threats, the various augmentation strategies adopted in the Communication, Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management and Avionics (CNS+A) context are addressed in detail. GNSS augmentation can take many forms but all strategies share the same fundamental principle of providing supplementary information whose objective is improving the performance and/or trustworthiness of the system. Hence it is of paramount importance to consider the synergies offered by different augmentation strategies including Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS), Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), Aircraft Based Augmentation System (ABAS) and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). Furthermore, by employing multi-GNSS constellations and multi-sensor data fusion techniques, improvements in availability and continuity can be obtained. SBAS is designed to improve GNSS system integrity and accuracy for aircraft navigation and landing, while an alternative approach to GNSS augmentation is to transmit integrity and differential correction messages from ground-based augmentation systems (GBAS). In addition to existing space and ground based augmentation systems, GNSS augmentation may take the form of additional information being provided by other on-board avionics systems, such as in ABAS. As these on-board systems normally operate via separate principles than GNSS, they are not subject to the same sources of error or interference. Using suitable data link and data processing technologies on the ground, a certified ABAS capability could be a core element of a future GNSS Space-Ground-Aircraft Augmentation Network (SGAAN). Although current augmentation systems can provide significant improvement of GNSS navigation performance, a properly designed and flight-certified SGAAN could play a key role in trusted autonomous system and cyber-physical system applications such as UAS Sense-and-Avoid (SAA).

The usage of Passenger Name Record (PNR) for security purposes is growing worldwide. At least six countries have PNR systems; over thirty are planning to introduce them. On 1 December 2013, a Russian PNR system will be implemented. But... more

The usage of Passenger Name Record (PNR) for security purposes is growing worldwide. At least six countries have PNR systems; over thirty are planning to introduce them. On 1 December 2013, a Russian PNR system will be implemented. But enhanced collection of personal data leads to increased surveillance and privacy concerns. Russian
authorities state that passengers’ rights will be respected, but a closer look at the Russian regime reveals a number of critical points.
From a global perspective, the Russian regime is only one of many PNR systems, including new ones to come in the future. Apparently, for the majority of them, similar challenges and problems will apply. At the same time, for the EU, with its strict data protection requirements, PNR requests by third countries (i.e. non-EU countries) create conflicts of laws. In order to resolve them, the EU concludes bilateral PNR agreements. However, the current deals, especially the one between the EU and the USA, involve a number of weaknesses. Accepting the latter, and having a pending proposal on the EU PNR system, the EU has weakened its position in negotiations with third countries. How will the EU deal with the Russian as well as with all the future requests for PNR?
This paper provides legal analysis of the Russian PNR regime, pointing out common problems and giving prognosis on the global situation.

For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey via ‘survey monkey’. The survey focus on the following: feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with... more

For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey via ‘survey monkey’. The survey focus on the following: feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items. The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31, 2018 for three (3) weeks covering four (4) Terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila.
From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler.
The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.

The technological developments in next generation avionics and air traffic management systems triggered through various regional and international research initiatives and modernization programs introduces greater interdependency and... more

The technological developments in next generation avionics and air traffic management systems triggered through various regional and international research initiatives and modernization programs introduces greater interdependency and interconnectivity between airborne systems, ground systems and various stakeholders in the supply chain. The communication infrastructure would be the backbone of Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Systems (CNS/ATM). Furthermore the introduction of the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) which is an integral part of the Global Air Navigational Plan (GANP) of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) will become the global platform for information exchange. Security considerations against the threat of intentional unauthorised electronic interactions, commonly known as cyber security are a growing concern in Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems. In this regard, this paper reviews the existing framework for the assessment of safety and cyber security during the system design and development life cycle process, and presents an integrated safety-security assessment model for the purpose of integrated avionics and air traffic management system certification.

Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Teşkilatı (ICAO) raporlarından elde edilen bilgiler ışığında 1950’li yıllarda 100 milyon civarında olan yolcu sayısının, 2016 yılına göre %12,44 daha artarak 2018 yılında 4,3 milyara kadar ulaştığı... more

Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Teşkilatı (ICAO) raporlarından elde edilen bilgiler ışığında 1950’li yıllarda 100 milyon civarında olan yolcu sayısının, 2016 yılına göre %12,44 daha artarak 2018 yılında 4,3 milyara kadar ulaştığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde 1400 ticari hava yolu şirketinin ve 4310 havaalanının bulunduğu sektörde dünya üzerindeki 1,1 milyar turistin yarısından fazlası hava yolu ile taşınmaktadır. Bu rakamlardan da anlaşılacağı üzere sivil havacılık günümüzün en hızlı büyüyen sektörlerinden biridir. Aynı zamanda bu büyümeye uygun emniyetli ve güvenli bir sistemin ortaya konulması da ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü sivil havacılık sektörü ülkelerin yüzüdür ve bu nedenle teröristlerce eylemlerini gerçekleştirebilecekleri cazip bir alan olarak görülmektedir. Diğer yandan teröristlerin uçaklardan, havalimanlarından ve ilgili tüm faaliyetlerden uzak tutulması adına kuramsal, hukuksal ve kurumsal değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Tüm bu değişimler sivil havacılık faaliyetlerinde güvenliğin tam anlamıyla sağlanması için gerçekleştirilmektedir. Sivil havacılık güvenliğinin sağlanması için güncel bir güvenlik stratejisi ve yönetimi içerisinde teknolojik gelişimin, insan faktörünün, kurumsal değişimin tüm taraflarca kabul görecek biçimde bir güvenlik kültürü oluşturması bir zorunluluktur. Tüm bunlarlar birlikte çalışmada, ülkemizde literatüre katkıda bulunulması ve güvenlik stratejileri ve yönetimi ile havacılık güvenliği arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.

This paper discusses a methodological tool - the women ' s safety audit - initially developed in Canada, but which has been adapted and used in many regions of the world. The women ' s safety audit allows participants to... more

This paper discusses a methodological tool - the women ' s safety audit - initially developed in Canada, but which has been adapted and used in many regions of the world. The women ' s safety audit allows participants to identify safe and unsafe spaces and recommend how the unsafe spaces can be improved. In doing so, the women '

Özet Dünya çapında giderek büyüyen havacılık sektöründe gerçekleştirilen herhangi yasa dışı bir eylem masum insanların hayatını kaybetmesine, ciddi maddi kayıplara ve hem havayolu işletmelerinin hem de uçakların tescilli olduğu ülkelerin... more

Özet Dünya çapında giderek büyüyen havacılık sektöründe gerçekleştirilen herhangi yasa dışı bir eylem masum insanların hayatını kaybetmesine, ciddi maddi kayıplara ve hem havayolu işletmelerinin hem de uçakların tescilli olduğu ülkelerin imajının zedelenmesine neden olmaktadır. Havacılık güvenliğinin sağlanması amacıyla, havaalanlarında uçuş öncesinden başlayıp ve uçuş sonrası süreci de içine alan birçok önleyici uygulama ve kontrol bulunmaktadır. Uçuş ekibi, yolcular ve uçağın güvenliğini tehlikeye düşüren olaylara karşı alınan önlemlerden biri, uçuş sırasında güvenlik görevlisi bulundurmaktır. Uçuş güvenlik görevlisi uygulaması, bazı ülkelerde havacılık güvenliğinin sağlanması için uzun süredir yürürlükte olmasına rağmen, Türk sivil havacılığının gündeminde olan yeni bir uygulamadır. Bu nedenle, uçuş güvenlik görevlisi kavramı ile ilgili Türkçe literatürün oluşumuna katkı sağlamak amacıyla bu çalışmanın yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, uçuş güvenlik görevlisinin görevleri, tarihçesi, dünya çapındaki uygulama şekilleri, yasal düzenlemeleri ve bu uygulamanın Türkiye'deki son durumunu kavramsal olarak incelemektir. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla döküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda uçuş güvenlik görevlisi uygulamaları ile ilgili literatür kapsamlı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, havacılık sektöründe uçuş güvenlik görevlilerinin 1960'ların başından itibaren başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olmak üzere birçok ülkede kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Türkiye'de ise uçuş güvenlik görevlisi uygulamasının 2020 yılı içinde yürürlüğe gireceği öngörülmektedir. Bununla birlikte uçuş güvenlik görevlisinin görevleri, uçuş sırasında silah kullanma yetkileri ve uygulamanın havayolu işletmelerine maliyeti gibi konularda tartışmaların olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın havacılık güvenliği ile ilgili literatüre katkı yapacağı düşünülmektedir. Abstract Any illegal action carried out in the ever-growing aviation industry worldwide leads to death of innocent people, serious material losses and the image of both airline companies and countries where aircraft are registered. In order to ensure aviation security, there are many preventive practices and controls at airports, including pre-flight and post-flight processes. One of the measures taken against the events that endanger the security of the flight crew, passengers and aircraft is to have a security officer during the flight. Practice of in flight security officer is a new practice on the agenda

This research is concerned with the effects of the securitization on terrorism in civil aviation after the attacks of September 2001, specifically the Passenger Name Record (PNR) Data, as an innovative and controversial emergency measure... more

This research is concerned with the effects of the securitization on terrorism in civil aviation after the attacks of September 2001, specifically the Passenger Name Record (PNR) Data, as an innovative and controversial emergency measure of globalized surveillance based on the information-sharing strategy between States, adopted by the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) to prevent, detect and investigate the threat of terrorism. Through the Copenhagen School’s (CS’s) Securitization Theory (ST) lens, the dissertation aims to: understand the process of securitization on terrorism from an aviation perspective; apply the ST to the aviation context; analyse what constitutes in essence an emergency measure; and discuss the legitimacy of the PNR. This contribution is divided into two parts: analysis of the rhetoric of Securitization with reference to aviation through the trajectory narrative of the US and the EU, as securitizing actors, and the UNSC discourse, insofar it was influenced by the US and acted influencing the EU; and the examination of the PNR, as a result of a change of behavior of these securitizing actors. When the CS meets the civil aviation, it sheds light: (1) the ST argument based on prior audience sanctioning as a prerequisite for the existence of securitization has failed; (2) the success of securitization is seen from the actors’ behavioral changes; (3) PNR does not constitute an extraordinary measure, but an ordinary political choice. The study ends with a reflection upon the legitimacy of PNR by concluding that it is being constructed assertively.

In recent history, the world has experienced dramatic events which have had a substantial effect on the balance between human rights protection and security measures. Body scanners installed at airports are intended to protect our lives.... more

In recent history, the world has experienced dramatic events which have had a substantial effect on the balance between human rights protection and security measures. Body scanners installed at airports are intended to protect our lives. But at the same time they have a serious impact on privacy and data protection. The international legislation allows limiting people's rights and freedoms, but only if it is in accordance with the law and is proportionate and necessary for national security, public safety and for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Do body scanners respect these principles? The article examines the current situation , its background and future prospects. It discusses and analyzes the key terms and legal instruments, problems, disputes and proposed " safeguards ". The work concludes by pointing out the unlawfulness of current regimes and sets forth perspective on the possible solutions.

In 1992, the United States entered into an “open skies” agreement with the Netherlands, allowing for unrestricted access to each other’s airports. Since then, the United States has increased the number of such agreements with other... more

In 1992, the United States entered into an “open skies” agreement with the Netherlands, allowing for unrestricted access to each other’s airports. Since then, the United States has increased the number of such agreements with other
nations to over a hundred. In this paper, I will explore and compare the history of aviation between both countries,
the legality of international aviation, the international bodies that help govern those rules and regulations, as well as the conditions that exist in both the United States and China and try to understand the possibility of an open skies agreement between the two countries.

Building on empirical qualitative research, this article explores the nature of security and threat resulting from the contemporary security practice at Václav Havel Airport Prague. The article, building on Actor-Network Theory,... more

Building on empirical qualitative research, this article explores the nature of security and threat resulting from the contemporary security practice at Václav Havel Airport Prague. The article, building on Actor-Network Theory, interprets a security check as a chain of translation, the possibility of threat deployment as a program of action, and activities aiming to disable threats as a security antiprogram. Deployment of threats is further conceptualised as a failure of a security chain implementation, its design, threat program expectation, and the sole existence of a particular program. Considering inflight explosions as the main threat to be identified, the article proceeds by finding divergences between travellers and employees regarding the subject of protection, and analyses the notion of terrorism present in practice as well as its consequences. Security is then identified as a service of agency take-over. The article indicates the importance of security agency and the ANT-...

Discusses passenger liability of Malaysia Airlines System (MAS) and Southern China Airlines under the Montreal Convention and the older Warsaw Convention (where applicable). Briefly traces history of airlines' liability to passengers;... more

Discusses passenger liability of Malaysia Airlines System (MAS) and Southern China Airlines under the Montreal Convention and the older Warsaw Convention (where applicable). Briefly traces history of airlines' liability to passengers; liability of successive and code-sharing passenger carriers and jurisdictions where claims may be brought.

nota a CORTE DI CASSAZIONE – SEZIONE III - 9 MAGGIO 2009, N. 10285 Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Fattispecie costitutiva – Reato – Giudizio civile – Mezzi di prova. Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Responsabilità da condotta... more

nota a CORTE DI CASSAZIONE – SEZIONE III - 9 MAGGIO 2009, N. 10285
Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Fattispecie costitutiva – Reato –
Giudizio civile – Mezzi di prova.
Responsabilità extracontrattuale – Responsabilità da condotta omissiva
– Doverosità della condotta – Fonte.
Spazio aereo – Sicurezza – Ministero della difesa – Ministero dei
trasporti – Obblighi.

The expansive areas devoted to banana plantations in the region have resulted into an increase demand for inorganic fertilizers and agricultural chemicals intended for pest and disease control. These giant players of banana industry have... more

The expansive areas devoted to banana plantations in the region have resulted into an increase demand for inorganic fertilizers and agricultural chemicals intended for pest and disease control. These giant players of banana industry have gradually duplicated what the Latin American banana plantations had done by utilizing aircrafts in dispensing economic poisons for nematodes and fungi eradication . Light aircrafts are employed in the operation of spraying fumigants in the plantation sites, intended to eradicate plant diseases and insects that are considered as eminent threat to a million-dollar worth of investment. The crux of the matter is the potential danger that these agricultural aircrafts have on the populace of the metropolis and towns that are congesting at the surface.

A segurança internacional enfrenta um ambiente de ameaças cada vez mais complexo, e a aviação civil, por possuir um papel significativo na economia global, é um alvo atrativo para atentados terroristas. O presente trabalho tem como... more

A segurança internacional enfrenta um ambiente de ameaças cada vez mais complexo, e a aviação civil, por possuir um papel significativo na economia global, é um alvo atrativo para atentados terroristas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a Gestão de Riscos prioriza as ações para a Segurança da Aviação Civil contra Atos de Interferência Ilícita (AVSEC). Os resultados apontam que a melhora na identificação de riscos e o desenvolvimento da chamada Cultura Justa contribuem para a efetividade deste instrumento. Para tanto, utiliza-se o conceito de Cultura Justa para estudar o caso do Serviço Regional de Proteção ao Voo de São Paulo.