BIM Framework Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an expansive knowledge domain within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) industry. To allow a systematic investigation of BIM'sdivergent fields, its knowledge... more

Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools and workflows have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of design, construction and operation activities. Numerous BIM deliverables and their respective requirements have been widely discussed by industry stakeholders. This is evidenced by the intensity of online communications surrounding BIM topics and the accelerating availability of noteworthy BIM publications (NBP)s. NBPs are publically-available industry documents incorporating guidelines, protocols and requirements focusing on BIM deliverables and workflows. These publications are the product of various governmental bodies, industry associations, communities of practice and research institutions, intended to facilitate BIM adoption, and realize BIM’s value-adding potential.
A specialized taxonomy is employed to analyze 57 noteworthy BIM publications from across eight countries selected for their active BIM scene. The BIM knowledge content (BKC) taxonomy includes three knowledge content clusters (guides, protocols and mandates) subdivided into 18 knowledge content labels (e.g. report, manual, and contract). Ten of these content labels are used to analyze and compare publications from Australia, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Preliminary content analysis is then performed which provides insight into the availability and distribution of BIM knowledge within noteworthy BIM publications. The analysis identifies knowledge gaps within publications and highlights opportunities for future research and complementary publication efforts.
This chapter contributes to organizing BIM knowledge as contained within numerous noteworthy BIM publications and – by that - facilitates targeted access to their content. It provides a knowledge repository for construction industry stakeholder’s to utilize during BIM implementation and a research base for investigators seeking to identify and address knowledge gaps across the BIM domain.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
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- Knowledge Management, Knowledge Models, Construction Technology, Construction Management

The term Building Information Modelling (BIM) refers to an expansive knowledge domain within the design, construction and operation (DCO) industry. The voluminous possibilities attributed to BIM represent an array of challenges that can be met through a systematic research and delivery framework spawning a set of performance assessment and improvement metrics. This article identifies five complementary components specifically developed to enable such assessment: (i) BIM capability stages representing transformational milestones along the implementation continuum; (ii) BIM maturity levels representing the quality, predictability and variability within BIM stages; (iii) BIM competencies representing incremental progressions towards and improvements within BIM stages; (iv) Organizational Scales representing the diversity of markets, disciplines and company sizes; and (v) Granularity Levels enabling highly targeted yet flexible performance analyses ranging from informal self-assessment to high-detail, formal organizational audits. This article explores these complementary components and positions them as a systematic method to understand BIM performance and to enable its assessment and improvement. A flowchart of the contents of this article is provided.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
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- BIM (Architecture), Building Information Modeling, Building Information Modeling (BIM) (Architecture), Interoperability

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a set of technologies, processes and policies enabling multiple stakeholders to collaboratively design, construct and operate a facility.
There are numerous challenges attributed to BIM adoption by industry and academia. These represent a number of knowledge gaps each warranting a focused investigation by domain researchers. This study does not isolate a single gap to address but espouses a holistic view of the knowledge problem at hand. It contributes to the discussion a set of conceptual constructs that clarify the knowledge structures underlying the BIM domain. It also introduces a number of practicable knowledge tools to facilitate BIM learning, assessment and performance improvement.
This study is delivered through complementary papers and appendices to answer two primary research questions. The first explores the knowledge structures underlying the BIM domain whilst the second probes how these knowledge structures can be used to facilitate the measurement and improvement of BIM performance across the construction industry.
To address the first question, the study identifies conceptual clusters underlying the BIM domain, develops descriptive taxonomies of these clusters, exposes some of their conceptual relationships, and then delivers a representative BIM framework. The BIM framework is composed of three-axes which represent the main knowledge structures underlying the BIM domain and support the development of functional conceptual models.
To address the second question, BIM framework structures are extended through additional concepts and tools to facilitate BIM performance assessment and development of individuals, organizations and teams. These additional concepts include competency sets, assessment workflows and measurement tools which can be used to assess and improve the BIM performance of industry stakeholders.
In addressing these research questions, a pragmatic approach to research design based on available literature and applicable theories has been adopted. By combining several research strategies, paradigms and methods, this study (1) generates several new conceptual structures (e.g. frameworks, models and taxonomies) which collectively clarify the knowledge structures underlying the BIM domain; and (2) develops a set of workflows and tools that facilitate BIM assessment, learning and performance improvement.
This study delivers an extendable knowledge structure upon which to build a host of BIM performance improvement initiatives and tools. As a set of complementary papers and appendices, the study presents a rich, unified yet multi-layered environment of conceptual constructs and practicable tools; supported by a common framework, a domain ontology and simplified visual representations. Individually, each paper introduces a new framework part or solidifies a previous one. Collectively, the papers form a cohesive knowledge engine that generates assessment systems, learning modules and performance improvement tools.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
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- Management Information Systems, Knowledge Models, Construction Management, Performance Based Assessment (Education)

Career guidance for students, particularly in rural areas is a challenging issue in India. In the present era
of digitalization, there is a need of an automated system that can analyze a student for his/her capabilities,
suggest a career and provide related information. Keeping in mind the requirement, the present paper is an
effort in this direction. In this paper, a fuzzy based conceptual framework has been suggested. It has two
parts; in the first part a students will be analyzed for his/her capabilities and in the second part the
available courses, job aspects related to their capabilities will be suggested. To analyze a student, marks
in various subject in 10+2 standards and vocational interest in different fields have been considered and
fuzzy sets have been formed. On example basis, fuzzy inference rules have been framed for analyzing the
abilities in engineering, medical and hospitality fields only. In second part, concept of composition of
relations has been used to suggest the related courses and jobs.

Document presented as final work on the BIM-IPD Post-grade in Universidade Lusófona in 2015.

This study examines BIM education, theories of spatial skills, and space and time constraints in BIM education curriculum of AEC programs, towards developing a theoretical framework for integrating BIM education in the curriculum of AEC programs. The research developed a theoretical background along three dimensions: BIM education, pre-requisite for BIM education, and theories of spatial skills development. The study found that BIM education is experiencing time and space constraints owing to its vast content and pre-requisites such as knowledge of 2D and 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD). Also, the study found that complementing the traditional methods of teaching engineering graphics with the use of 2D and 3D CAD will enhance spatial skills development of the secondary school students and motivate them to pursue AEC careers. A conceptual framework was developed and propositions were made on the basis of the theoretical background. The study recommends that the knowledge of 3D CAD, 2D CAD and manual drafting should be acquired in the secondary school and should serve as pre-requisite to BIM education in the university.

- by Luis Alarcón
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- Civil Engineering, Russian Studies, Information Technology, Research Methodology

The BIM Maturity Matrix (BIm³) is intended for low-detail self-assessment of organisations and project teams. The BIm³ has two axes-BIM Capability Sets and the BIM Maturity Index. This document is released as part of the BIMe under... more

- by Hishyar Mohammed
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- Engineering, Architecture, Visualization, Project Management
- by Hamid Abdirad
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- BIM (Architecture), Metrics, Building Information Modeling, BIM/IPD Specialists

The present report summarises the findings of the Sydney Opera House (SOH) Case Study carried out as part of SBEnrc Project 2.34 Driving Whole-of-life Efficiencies through BIM and Procurement. This report is informed by outcomes from interviews and document analysis as they relate to the development and implementation of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) for asset management interface at the SOH.
The SOH is an iconic Australian building with a long-standing history of innovative information management. This history starts with a challenging design and construction process which prompted what could be the first field-to-finish system for surveyors in Australia creating great efficiency gains, and now continues with the implementation of what is expected to be a fully integrated BIM asset management system.
The SOH BIM journey started in 2004 with the Exemplar Project carried out by the Cooperative for Research Centre (CRC) for Construction Innovation which tested a partial digital facilities management model and made a number of recommendations in 2007 based on collaborative research with the SOH. Since then, BIM practices have been used for construction works and their information management team has endeavoured in completing the BIM REVIT /Architectural model.
The SOH expects to achieve significant advantages from implementing BIM. Specific drivers identified were:
 Having a single source of information
 Information management issues related to the complexity of the asset
 Improving safety
 Addressing performing art requirements
 Sustainability goals
 Heritage listing status.
During the past 10 years, the SOH has faced the following challenges in the development of their BIM for asset management system:
 Software limitations/inadequacy
 Limited funds
 Data availability
 Finding the right answer
 Resistance to change
 Public asset government requirements
 Australia’s geographic isolation
 Uniqueness of the SOH.
Success factors identified for the development of a BIM for asset management strategy:
 Inspiration and corporate culture
Sydney Opera House Case Study Report 4 | P a g e
 External collaboration
 Client involvement
 Management vision.
The SOH has taken an informed and involved client approach to the development of their BIM guidelines and requirements. They have carried out extensive research into international and national practices, significant stakeholder engagement and collaboration as well as maintaining close ties to industry and research groups.
The SOH will aim to address the following expected challenges during the BIM solution rollout:
 Required skills and training
 Ensuring acceptance by end-users
 Integrating the different databases.
Future research will aim to understand specific benefits achieved from the implementation of the BIM interface for asset management systems.

Despite the tremendous development in the field of digital technology that produced the software and techniques influenced in the field of architecture and construction, and thus the production of architectural and urban, which is imperative that we keep up with this development, and employment and continuation of the same efficiency in all phases of the project will bridge the gap between design and implementation phase, and the most important of these techniques the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM), it is a Database, Not just 3D Drawings, it refers to a digital collection of software applications designed to facilitate coordination and project collaboration, BIM has the potential to provide more efficient operation, not only as part of design and construction but also in operations and maintenance. Accuracy is another main reason. BIM appears to offer greater accuracy than what our current practices produce. This paper aims to determine the benefits of integrating BIM technique in project management and recognize the role they play in The construction industry and practical feasibility of it compared to the previous systems, the practical study depended on two parts, the first by carrying out structured questionnaire survey from construction industry' experts. The second is a case study. The paper is concluded with some important results. It seeks to show that the BIM systems improve communication, collaboration, higher-quality project decision making, and more comprehensive planning and scheduling. In the end, we should see better quality, plus increases in productivity and profitability.

Professional, organisational and educational institutions have started to adopt BIM software tools and adapt their existing delivery systems to satisfy evolving market requirements. To enable individuals within these organisations to develop their BIM abilities, it is important to identify the BIM competencies that need to be learned, applied on the job, and measured for the purposes of performance improvement. Expanding upon previous research, this paper focuses on individual BIM competencies, the building blocks of organisational capability. The paper first introduces several taxonomies and conceptual models to clarify how individual competencies may be filtered, classified, and aggregated into a seed competency inventory. Competency items are then fed into a specialised knowledge engine to generate flexible assessment tools, learning modules and process workflows. Finally, the paper discusses the many benefits this competency-based approach brings to industry and academia, and ex...

- by Tony Williams
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- Engineering, Building Information Modeling, Bim, BIM Education

- Building Information modelling is transforming the roles and responsibilities of professionals who design, deliver, operate, and maintain all types of buildings, structures and whole cities.
- The flow of digital information has many repercussions and are affecting how project teams are formed, how they communicate with each other, and how they deliver their services and products.
- Projects are increasingly procured with comprehensive – but often unclear - information requirements. Project teams are required to respond to multiple local and international standards, complex data exchange scenarios, and a wide-range of ad-hoc collaboration workflows.
- It is no longer valid to treat roles as a static set of responsibilities or to develop new roles that cannot respond to rapid digitisation, automation and standardisation.
- With digital transformation, what one ‘traditional’ role was assigned to do in the past, can now be better played by a new specialised role. And what another traditional role was assigned to do, will soon be played – significantly better - by artificial intelligence.
- Defining a role through formal one-off qualification is no longer enough; also, gaining recognition through industry certification is losing relevance. Both qualification and certification are inherently slow to adapt to rapid change. Every definition of a BIM Manager - or even a Project Manager - which has been drafted five years ago, must be re-written this year. What will be defined this year must be redefined within three years; and so on. When it comes to roles – project roles in particular - and their responsibilities, the pace of change is unforgiving.
- Therefore, there’s a dire need to develop digital-transformation-ready roles that are able to respond to rapid change, and to meet the evolving information management requirements of construction projects.

A roadmap matches a firm’s short and long-term strategic goals. It clearly outlines its goals and objectives and takes a close look at all facets of a firm’s BIM strategy.

- by Saad Al Jabri
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- BIM Framework, BIM roadmap

Many BIM experts and public functionaries in the UK are talking about the importance of PAS 1192-2, 3 and other standards. The author has attempted to explain the significance of these abbreviations.

- by Saad Al Jabri
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- BIM Framework

The adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) across markets is a pertinent topic for academic discourse and industry attention. This is evidenced by the unrelenting release of national BIM initiatives; new BIM protocols; and candidate international standards. This paper is the second part of an ongoing Macro BIM Adoption study: the first paper " Macro BIM Adoption: Conceptual Structures " (Succar and Kassem, 2015) introduced five conceptual models for assessing macro BIM adoption across markets and informing the development of BIM adoption policies. This second paper clarifies how these models are validated through capturing the input of 99 experts from 21 countries using a survey tool; highlights the commonalities and differences between sample countries with respect to BIM adoption; and introduces sample tools and templates for either developing or calibrating BIM adoption policies. Survey data collected indicate that all five conceptual models demonstrate high levels of 'clarity', 'accuracy' and 'usefulness', the three metrics measured. They also indicate (1) varying rates of BIM diffusion across countries with BIM capability near the lower-end of the spectrum; (2) varying levels of BIM maturity with-the mean of-most macro BIM components falling below the medium level; (3) varying diffusion dynamics across countries with the prevalence of the middle-out diffusion dynamic; (4) varying policy actions across countries with a predominance of the passive policy approach; and (5) varying distribution of diffusion responsibilities among player groups with no detectable dominant pattern across countries. The two papers provide an opportunity to improve our understanding of BIM adoption dynamics across countries. Future research can build upon the models and tools introduced to enable (a) an expansion of benchmarking data through surveying additional countries; (b) identifying BIM adoption changes in surveyed countries over time; (c) correlating changes in adoption rates/patterns with policy interventions; (d) identifying BIM policy variations within the same country; (e) establishing statistical correlations between the conceptual models; and (f) developing new tools to facilitate BIM policy development and encouraging BIM adoption.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
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- Construction Technology, Construction Management, BIM (Architecture), Construction Project Management

- by Bilal Succar and +2
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- Building Information Modeling, Building Information Modeling (BIM) (Architecture), Interoperability, Bim

This presentation (and video) explains the BIM Fields model, the first dimension of the Tri-axial Model. BIM Fields refer to all topics, activities, and actors across the BIM domain. The Venn diagram (three overlapping circles) identifies Field Types (Technology, Process and Policy), Field Components (Players, Deliverables and Requirements), Field interactions and Field overlaps.

- by Bilal Succar
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- Information Technology, Technology, E-learning, Construction Management

La Matrice de Maturité BIM (BIm3) est un Outil de Connaissance servant à l'identification de la maturité actuelle d'une organisation ou d'une équipe de projet. La BIm3 a deux axes – Ensembles de Capacité BIM et l'Index de Maturité BIM.... more

The rapid pace of digitalisation within the Construction Industry and the divergence from traditional practice inherent to this transformation requires the development of new knowledge to frame these emerging practices. Acting on increasing digitalisation pressures, many national and international standards, protocols, and specifications have been generated with little conceptual framing or with no theoretical underpinning. This positioning paper responds to practical business needs of organisations and project teams, builds upon existing conceptual constructs, and delivers a modular information management framework. The Lifecycle Information Transformation and Exchange (LITE) framework is an extendable conceptual skeletal for defining, managing, and integrating project and asset information. Developed, described, and explained for ongoing field testing, the LITE framework integrates multiple components-information statuses, states, milestones, flows, gates, routes, loops, actions, sets, and tiers-which collectively lay the foundations for an open access digital platform being developed by an international Community of Research and Practice. The framework describes-and aims to predict-information flows across an asset's lifecycle. Its modular conceptual structure, iterative flows, and task-oriented terminology are calibrated to guide the integrated design, delivery, and utilisation of assets of any type, function, or scale.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
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- Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Construction Management, Lean Construction

—. The teaching workgroup of the CoDE Lab of the Politecnico di Milano has always believed that analyzing, deconstructing and reconstructing the architecture teaches a lot in terms of understanding. If the process is done correctly, it entirely retraces the creative dynamics developed by the original designer. Subsequently, the practice we developed in teamwork is to choose a notable architectural work, designed and/or created by a Master of architecture, and to reproduce it in all details: aesthetical-formal, morphological, technological, structural, modular, etc. The final result is a well-developed reconstructed model of great specific interest. The true subject deals with architects of great stature and professional capabilities, who based their work and their career on the application of original "methods", rules and logics representing the foundation of their architecture. This case study deals with a recent research line based on Andrea Palladio's architecture, and especially on his villas. Palladio is one of the most famous and imitated architect of the world and his architecture has deeply affected whole generations of architects. Palladio is also one of the first, and most known, architects-writers and in his books we can get enough information to study and to do a 3D CAAD reconstruction, also of those parts that have never been built.

La Matriz de Madurez BIM (BIm3) es una Herramienta de Conocimiento para identificar la Madurez BIM actual de organizaciones o Equipos de Proyecto. La BIm3 tiene 2 ejes: el Conjunto de Capacidades BIM y el Índice de Madurez BIM. La Matriz de Madurez BIM está pensada para la auto-evaluación de organizaciones a un nivel bajo. Este documento se publicó en Inglés el 7 de julio de 2016. La versión española ha sido traducida por Víctor Roig de BIMETRIC Laboratorio de Procesos SL.

- by Bilal Succar
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- Spanish, Construction Technology, Construction Management, Assessing Performance

Construction projects involve multidisciplinary and multi-actor collaborations that generate massive amounts of data over their lifecycle. Data are often sensitive, and embody rights, ownership and intellectual property of the creator. Managing project information raises concerns about security, inconsistency and loss of data. Conventional approach of dealing with the complexities of data management involves the adoption of BIM based solutions that lack suitable means for the governance of collaboration, and access and archival of managed data. To overcome the limitations of BIM, Cloud-based governance solutions have been suggested as a way forward. However, there is a lack of understanding of construction ICT (Information and Communication Technology) practices from the perspectives of data management and governance. This paper aims to fill this gap; first, by exploring barriers related to BIM adoption and collaboration practices, in particular, issues related to data management and governance that can potentially be ameliorated with Cloud technologies, and second, by identifying key requirements for Cloud-based BIM governance solutions. A structured questionnaire was conducted among informed construction practitioners in this study. The findings reveal several barriers to BIM adoption alongside ICT and collaboration issues with an urgent need to develop a BIM governance solution underpinned by cloud technology. Further, a number of important requirements for developing BIM governance solutions have been identified.

The aim of this paper is to investigate different approaches adopted to define the content of a Building Information Model (BIM). In order to improve the effectiveness of the Built Asset during the whole life-cycle, the Construction Industry is moving towards a digital ecosystem. Thus, the implementation of Data-Driven Projects based on Building Information Modeling is widespread and becomes more and more a mandatory requirement. The Building Information Modeling methodology is based on an Information Model that contains the updated and amended information related to the project, starting from Briefing and Conceptual Design. So to achieve a performing process, it is essential to provide any needed information at the right time. For this reason, several concepts related to the definition of data sets belonging to BIM, such as 'Level of Development' and 'Level of Detail', have been established. The main focus of this study is to provide an overview on this topic and to investigate possible different approaches. The study is based on both literature review and interviews. The findings indicate that there is not a univocal approach suitable to manage this issue, and numerous definitions and acronyms have been defined in different Countries, especially in US and in UK. However, it is possible to compare them and to find similarities. The findings can be used to gain an in-depth understanding on this topic, especially for experts who work with BIM in various Countries.

This presentation (and video) introduces the BIM Framework, its principles and goals. It also explains how the BIM Framework is composed of multiple interconnected part, each simplifying a complex topic, identifying a workflow, or... more

- by Bilal Succar
- •
- Information Technology, E-learning, Construction Management, BIM (Architecture)

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a trendy topic, and rightly so. It is a new approach for the use of data and information in the construction industry which will have a huge impact, affecting not only how built assets are designed and constructed, but how they are operated too. As the application of BIM is evolving rapidly, perspectives on BIM vary and may cause confusion. The whitepaper that we have produced aims to address these concerns and clarify the key benefits of BIM according to ARCADIS.

In the past several years, Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption has grown significantly in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. In response to this trend, the industry and academia realized that BIM education in university curricula is an important requirement for satisfying educational demands of the industry, and a notable body of research has reported strategies AEC programs implemented to incorporate BIM in their curricula. However, no study has comprehensively reviewed and synthesized the research on strategies adopted by educators. To bridge this gap in the literature, this paper presents a systematic review of research on BIM curriculum design in AEC education. The authors report on the trends of research on BIM curriculum design (e.g. methods, timelines, and contexts) as well as a synthesis of implemented pedagogical strategies with detailed discussions on their implications and effectiveness across different studies and contexts. These strategies address a variety of important pedagogical issues such as enrolment of students, optional or required BIM use, important competencies and skills, tutoring methods, industry engagement, designing assignments, and assessment methods and criteria. This synthesis shows that designing pedagogical strategies for BIM education is complex and challenging, and AEC programs need to make trade-offs between advantages and disadvantages associated with these strategies. The results also highlight the need for more diverse research designs and settings to bridge the gaps identified in BIM curriculum research to date. Finally, the authors present a literature-based framework of BIM curriculum design strategies as well as a set of recommendations that can be used BIM educators and researchers as a guide for designing or assessing their BIM curricula in future research.

- by Hamid Abdirad and +1
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- BIM (Architecture), Building Information Modeling (BIM) (Architecture), BIM Education, BIM-technology

The presentation (and video) introduces the capability stages separating Pre-BIM (the status before BIM) from viDCO (virtually integrated Design, Construction and Operation) - the ultimate vision from implementing BIM. These 'revolutionary' stages, and the 'evolutionary' steps separating them, are intended to both clarify and measure BIM adoption.

- by Bilal Succar
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- Information Technology, Technology, E-learning, Construction Technology

This presentation (and video) introduces the Tri-axial Model. The model explains the multi-dimensional relationship between the three main components of the BIM framework: BIM Fields of activity identifying domain players, their requirements and deliverables; BIM Stages delineating minimum capability benchmarks; and BIM Lenses providing the depth and breadth of enquiry necessary to identify, assess and qualify BIM fields and BIM stages.

- by Bilal Succar
- •
- Information Technology, Technology, E-learning, Construction Technology

BIM concepts and tools have now proliferated across the construction industry. This is evidenced by the comparative results of BIM adoption rates reported through a number of industry surveys. However these surveys typically cover a small number of industry stakeholders; are intended to establish adoption rates by organizations rather than markets; and are unsupported by theoretical frameworks to guide data collection and analysis. Based on a published theoretical framework, this paper proposes three metrics to augment survey data and help establish the overall BIM maturity of countries. These metrics apply to noteworthy BIM publications (NBP)s and assess their BIM knowledge content (BKC). NBPs are publically-available industry documents intended to facilitate BIM adoption; while BKCs are specialized labels (e.g. report, manual, and contract) used to describe NBP contents. The three metrics – NBP availability, NBP content distribution, and NBP relevance - are applied in assessing the knowledge deliverables of three countries – United States, United Kingdom and Australia - chosen for their similar construction culture and active BIM scene. The paper then discusses how these complementary metrics can inform policy development and identify market-wide knowledge gaps.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
- •
- BIM (Architecture), Building Information Modeling, Building Information Modeling (BIM) (Architecture), Interoperability

With the rise of CPU power and massivisation of the computers popularity, the structural design process of modern construction has rapidly evolved from hand calculations, to isolated FEM approach software, up to the nowadays BIM ENVIRONNEMENT. Meanwhile, rapidly increasing efforts for material economization, cost reductions, and energy consumption criteria are putting the everyday practices under pressure, testing the limits of standard solutions. New, more integrated approaches demand to be developed in order to enable a quicker, more secure, less iterative, more effective design process regarding the structural information within a model. This report intends to propose, evaluate and test the limits of a BIM software-based workflow aiming to help the design process of pedestrian footbridges. Parametric modeling solutions in a BIM environment are examined in order to manage the S-BIM (structural BIM) information, calculate the elements and develop the fabrication phase.

A concern that project managers share is that despite the management protocols, processes, and tools contained in the Project Management Body of Knowledge® (PMBOK®), considerable resources are still spent every year correcting and adding to non-standard data needed by any or all stakeholders, team members, designers, and project owners. As well, facility and project history must be maintained A number of new tools and standards around Building Information Modelling (BIM), common data environments (CDE) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) were just beginning to see wider use and acceptance in the Project Management community as the Fifth Edition PMBOK® was issued, thus guidance on these topics was not necessarily included explicitly. This study queried the project management community for input and probed thoughts around various external BIM guidance to develop a preliminary process to integrate Information Management (IM) tools into each of the Knowledge areas and propose to develop an Information Management Framework into the PMBOK® and its Construction Extension (CE) as a new Knowledge Area, or KA.
An online survey, paper questionnaire, and formatted interview sheet were prepared with focused questions and deployed to assess the degree of insight around several broad PM topics concerning Information Management (IM) and IM formatting compatibility. As well, respondents were asked to share any information they cared to, about what guidance or procedures they used, anecdotes on what worked well or didn’t work in practice, thoughts on BIM, CDE, and their exposure to any or all. In addition, respondents’ familiarity with existing guidance details in the PMBOK® and CE were probed and used to gauge what future work might be required to reach the end goal of adding robust support and guidance for BIM, IM, and CDE.
Data suggested the respondents felt that more IM guidance was needed and could be added to the PMBOK® and CE that a separate KA addressing process, procedure, tools, and collaborative procedures could be included and raised the possibility of modifying and updating information in existing KAs to integrate IM more explicitly. All suggested IM needed to be robustly managed from facility cradle-to-grave. Some indicated support for more inclusion of process for explicit collaboration support. As well, perceived lacks in the PMBOK® and CE with respect to Communications and records-keeping were highlighted, along with the recognition of digital tools, workspaces, and procedures as primary project criteria to keep in mind as contracts are initiated, negotiated, and executed. Finally, respondents offered anecdotes illustrating experiences on previous projects, speaking to familiarity with or to limited to the routine use of BIM, Common Data Environments (CDE), and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) management. Some respondents suggested that inclusion of real-world examples of the process might be particularly useful, as well.
The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing enough information to build a skeleton outline of best practices in digital data management, which may be used to construct a digital data management knowledge area for inclusion in the PMBOK® and its construction extension, and build a foundation for collection of examples, case studies, and process around the larger area of Information Management.

- by Saad Al Jabri
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- Project Management, BIM Framework, BIM and Construction Planning

In traditional claim management system, Extension of Time (EOT) claims often lead to disputes among key construction stakeholders. This necessitates shifting traditional system to a digital environment for efficient processing. This research, therefore, focuses on utilizing Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology for developing a BIM-Based Claims Management System (BIM-CMS) to manage EOT claims. Twenty-nine problematic issues in prevalent EOT claim management process are extracted through an extensive literature review and semi-structured interviews of industry experts. Using Application Programming Interface, a plugin is developed in Autodesk Revit for managing EOT claims. The developed plugin is evaluated by industry's experts, who opined that BIM-CMS can be used to a great extent, as a tool to resolve most of the identified issues. It is also expected to proficiently mitigate potential disputes among contracting parties. The study also highlights barriers to BIM-CMS implementation and proposes corrective measures.

- by Hafiz Zahoor
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- API Design, Contractual disputes, Construction Claims, BIM Framework

The ADEB-VBA’s (Association of major Belgian contractors) BIM work group, in collaboration with G30 (Association of Architects), ORI (professional organisation for engineering offices and consultancy), SECO as representative for Third Party Control Offices and the Belgian chapter of IFMA (the international facility management association), is working on the improvement of collaboration and digital document exchanges between stakeholders of the Belgian construction industry. To do so, the work group decided to focus on the classical contract (Design-Tender-Build) and define practical guidelines related to digital exchanges within this classical context. Indeed, the classical contract supports a segmented industry while other types of contracts involving all the stakeholders earlier in the process allow an easier BIM implementation. However, today, the classical contract remains the most common contract in Belgium. Therefore, the BIM work group, instead of separating the classical contract and a digital-collaborative process, decided to define rules and guidelines allowing the BIM use on a classical Design-Tender-Build process. As the classical process is the most segmented one and thus, the one with more stakeholders working with different tools at different times, a specific attention has to be made during the transitional phases (e.g. new stakeholders, new tools) and the transposition of these rules could be easily developed to other contracts by shifting agreements between the different stakeholders earlier. This document and its annexes present a “generic protocol” as well as general rules and fact sheets allowing the stakeholders to define the collaboration rules and thus, optimize the working process. It should be stated that this document is supposed to evolve through feedback received from its use in practice. This document will be focused on three main topics: - First, this document will provide information about BIM, its use and the specific roles/actors that have to be taken into account and incorporated in a BIM process. - Second, general requirements related to BIM collaboration, document sharing and data management will be discussed. - Third, a generic BIM protocol by phase and supported by a process map representing the traditional contract will help stakeholders to determine their project-specific BIM protocol. Facility Managers are considered active stakeholders in the building life-cycle, hence, they are included in as active stakeholders in this handbook. This takes shape in two ways. First of all, at the end of the Design – Tender – Build process, the as-built information model should be decommissioned and handed over in an appropriate form to the facility manager, so that an improved building management can take place in the operational phase of the building (building use, building maintenance, rehabilitation assessment and design, demolition planning). Second, knowledge coming from the facility management domain (common practices, rules of thumb, common design errors) should find its way into the design – bid – build process via the appropriate BIM tools. The BIM handbook thus includes feedback mechanisms from facility managers into the BIM collaboration process from the very start of a project

- by François Denis
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- BIM Framework