Energy technology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Edited volume with contributions from H. E. Mogens Jensen, Gary C. Hufbauer, Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, Richard Samans, Jisun Kim, Joachim Monkelbaan, Arunabha Ghosh, Himani Gangania, Alan Herve, David Luff, Sunny Rai, Tetyana Payasova,... more

- by and +1
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- Climate Change, Wind Energy, International Trade, Sustainable Development

For last eight (8) years, your writer is writing weekly column on local as well as international energy problems which mainly consist of his past notes reflecting my past professional experiences, both in Turkish and English. The draft article first appears in my personal web page (Energy NewsLetter Turkey) blog to be corrected and updated with comments, criticisms, recommendations. Editors make last review, and if we feel that the draft article has come to maturity, then we publish on paper newspaper then go live on web site. We feel that this 2022 digest book during Covid-19 days can/ will fill the demand of global investors, energy professionals, energy analysts. I hope that you will enjoy reading this book.

- by Haluk Direskeneli
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- Renewable Energy, Energy Engineering, Energy, Renewable Energy Policies

The reliability of modelling and simulation of energy systems strongly depends on the prediction accuracy of each system component. This is the case of Stirling engine-based systems, where an accurate modelling of the engine performance is very important to understand the overall system behaviour. In this sense, many Stirling engine analyses with different approaches have been already developed. However, there is a lack of Stirling engine models suitable for the integration into overall system simulations. In this context, this paper aims to develop a rigorous Stirling engine model that could be easily integrated into combined heat and power schemes for the overall techno-economic analysis of these systems. The model developed considers a Stirling engine with adiabatic working spaces, isothermal heat exchangers, dead volumes, and imperfect regeneration. Additionally, it considers mechanical pumping losses due to friction, limited heat transfer and thermal losses on the heat exchangers. The model is suitable for different engine configurations (alpha beta and gamma engines). It was developed using Aspen Custom Modeller® (ACM®) as modelling software. The set of equations were solved using ACM® equation solver for steady-state operation. However, due to the dynamic behaviour of the cycle, a C++ code was integrated to solve iteratively a set of differential equations. This resulted in a cyclic steady-state model that calculates the power output and thermal requirements of the system. The predicted efficiency and power output were compared with the numerical model and the experimental work reported by the NASA Lewis Research Centre for the GPU-3 Stirling engine. This showed average absolute errors around ±4% for the brake power, and ±5% for the brake efficiency at different frequencies. However, the model also showed large errors (±15%) for these calculations at higher frequencies and low pressures. Additional results include the calculation of the cyclic expansion and compression work; the pressure drop and heat flow through the heat exchangers; the conductive, shuttle effect and regenerator thermal losses; the temperature and mass flow distribution along the system; and the power output and efficiency of the engine. These results show that the model allows an extensive study of different parameters of the engine and thus it is suitable for design optimization studies. In addition, it also presents the capability for the integration into overall Stirling engine combined heat and power systems and therefore will allow the performance evaluation of the engine integrated on these systems

- by Adhemar Araoz and +2
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- Thermodynamics, Renewable Energy, Energy technology, Stirling Engine Design

The most scientific evidence-yet of simple perpetual motion.

The solar energy is an important part of the renewable energies. Their abundance and low cost are two great strategic advantages,
that they turn it an excellent energy alternative for developed and developing countries. PCM storage unit for a solar cooker is
proposed for the this project work .The storage materials for temperatures applicable for food cooking range is required to be
selected .There is need to design the system by quantifying the storage materials ,type, technical parameters and its incorporation
in to the solar cookers or new device of the solar cookers. The project work is planned accordingly, but literature is reviewed in
every aspects of the components of the solar thermal cooking system.

- by Milorad Bojic
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- Built Environment, Energy use patterns, Energy efficiency, Energy technology
- by Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi
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- Brazilian Studies, Energy technology
- by Tobias Massier
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- Road Transport, Power System, Singapore, Electric Vehicles
- by Hamish Miller
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- Green Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Conversion, Energy technology

Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the most popular variable speed generator for wind energy application due to its superior performance, lower cost and control flexibility. The DFIG has been widely used and researched in wind generator application. Instead of back-to-back converters, matrix converter (MC) can be a good alternative for connecting the DFIG rotor to the grid. This paper presents a matrix converter based control for a variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) DFIG. Design of DFIG based wind power generation system with the help of matrix converter is analyzed by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK block set.

Agriculture and the related primary industry is an increasingly energy demanding sector. Energy is needed to different extent in all the stages of the agri-food chain. In many cases, energy cost may represent a significant proportion of the total agricultural production cost, including the cost of manufacturing and transportation of various chemicals and fertilisers. A modified and standardized energy analysis and benchmarking process is described in this paper. It is shown that energy use in agriculture varies considerably, depending on the cropping enterprise and the farming systems. Opportunities to reduce energy use and costs and greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture are discussed.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Energy, Agriculture, Life Cycle Assessment, Energy technology

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and AirConditioning) systems for space heating, space cooling and ventilation of buildings consume nearly 40% of the world energy demand and present the least expensive opportunities for reducing the greenhouse gases emission. Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) methods could monitor the operation of various processes and/or components allowing to detect and, if possible, even predict the presence of defects (deviations from normal or expected operation) as well as ideally identify (diagnose) the fault and/or its location, giving instructions for undertaking corrective actions. FDD techniques could be successfully used for managing the predictive maintenance and/or optimizing the energy/economic/environmental performance of HVAC units while assuring the comfort of occupants. This paper examines the current state of the art of the research on the development and implementation of FDD systems when applied to Air-Handling Units (AHUs), the main and most important device of HVAC systems. This paper describes the existing methodologies, approaches and tools for the utilization of FDD techniques, summarizes the most important findings available in current literature in reference to several case studies where FDD systems have been applied with reference to AHUs and indicates the main gaps to be further investigated.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Fault Detection, Energy technology, Predictive Maintenance, Heating

Hybrid lighting systems (HLS) simultaneously deliver daylight and electric light into the core of a building where they are combined, and distributed via luminaires. The systems have only been developed in the last few years and accordingly there is little accumulated experience of light delivery or design methods. This paper presents measured data for a commercially available hybrid system located in the UK. The HLS performance compared with that of the more widely investigated tubular daylighting guidance system. The results are discussed in the context of use of the systems for a range of sky conditions. Design recommendations and limitations to address knowledge shortfalls for hybrid systems are put forward.

- by Mohammed Mayhoub
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- Architecture, Renewable Energy, Energy Systems, Energy Conservation

Buildings are the leading energy consuming sector, representing about 40% of the final energy consumption in Europe. Different key performance indicators are available that can support the diverse needs and priorities of stakeholders in their efforts to improve the overall energy performance of buildings. The work first reviews the energy use and characteristics of European buildings, the main European legislation and technical developments that drive the efforts for lowering energy consumption. The main indicators that are used during the design, construction and operation of buildings are elaborated and when possible quantified, along with pertinent standards and regulations for guidance. Using common energy related indicators, a case study then focuses on Hellenic buildings and provides an insight on their performance, exploiting data from energy performance certificates. The contents document relevant work in information and communications technology for delivering simulation, modelling, analysis, monitoring and visualization tools, along with ongoing efforts to exploit building typologies for realistic assessment of energy use, during the design and operation of buildings. Future priorities are also outlined that support the ongoing European efforts to refurbish the existing building stock and the decision making process for setting effective policies towards nearly zero energy buildings.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Energy Consumption, Performance indicators, Energy technology, KPI
- by Andrea Marchionni and +2
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- Energy technology

The Ejector refrigeration system can operate using renewable energy such as solar or wasted heat. A mathematical model for an ejector refrigeration system powered by solar energy was developed. The Ejector refrigeration system depends on many factors, such as ejector geometry, NXP, and operating conditions. A flat plate solar collector is designed to predict the heat transfer performance for the whole system, and the primary factors affecting the heat transfer performance. Outlet temperature of 134.95 °C was achieved from the setup of five solar collectors (two square meters each) when the solar irradiance was 985.69 W/m 2. The water needs total power of 5016 W to reach this temperature.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Solar, Energy technology, Flat plate, Ejector
- by Dinesh Kabra
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- Energy technology

Applying a complexant agent to the contention and bioremediation of petroleum spills, although important for industry, is very rare. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present a study concerning the influence of a complexant agent, namely chitosan, on petroleum using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). Alterations in the transverse relaxation time (T2) values and peak areas were observed, inferring that the interaction of the complexant agent with petroleum causes destabilization, precipitation of chemical compounds and separation of phases (water and oil). Thus, a novel application involving this spectroscopic technique in the energy field is presented.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Chemical Engineering, Petroleum, Chitosan, Energy technology
- by Satyanarayan Patel
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- Thermodynamics, Energy technology, Ferroelectric materials, Waste Heat
- by Sreekumaran Nair
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- Energy technology

Energy security and its application is the key for economic growth to any country and state. The conventional generation is also the source of greenhouse gas emission attributing to global warming and has has adverse impact on climate. Therefore, a global shift towards sustainable renewable energy generation is being witnessed. India is blessed with abundant solar energy and if harnessed efficiently, Solar energy is extremely beneficial as it is non polluting and its generation can be decentralized. The state of Rajasthan receives maximum solar radiation Intensity in India with very low average rainfall. It also has desert land available in abundance. Therefore, Rajasthan is likely to emerge as the global hub for solar power in the country. Challenge of climate change and global warming continuously threaten the world community, and Rajasthan govt. Has also recognized the urgent need to tackle these challenges. In this paper a methodology is provided for the application of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to automated solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment analysis on the regional scale. Challenges in urban information extraction and management for solar PV deployment assessment are determined and quantitative solutions are offered. This paper highlights a need for connectivity between demographic information, electrical engineering schemes and geographical information systems (GIS) and a typical factor of solar PV suitable roof area that can be extracted per method. conclusions are developed to provide guidelines for a final methodology with the most useful information in situations of incomprehensive GIS data to facilitate the processing of LiDAR, low budgets for both time and finance, and personnel with diverse expert in computer vision. The methodology can be adapted for use anywhere that LiDAR and urban GIS data is available.

This article aims at describing and reports current issues related to the management of MSW organic fraction to energy in Cuba. The paper firstly approach those latest advancements on biochemical based technologies capable of converting MSW organic fraction to energy in a reasonable efficient and economic way, based on analysis of currently widely used biochemical based processes. Lately the paper briefly delves with Cuban previous modest experience in converting solid waste to energy as well as composting residues exiting from already installed bioreactors. Updating of the country's current solid waste to energy facility should be approached in the future.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Renewable Energy, Waste-to-Energy, Biogas, Energy technology
- by Behroz Baloch
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- Engineering, Energy technology
- by Sebastian Held
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- Energy technology

This paper deals with the exergy analysis of the biodiesel production process from the binary mixture of soybean oil and beef tallow. The biodiesel is produced by transesterification of the methyl group and through basic catalysis. Thus, it was investigated the biofuel production process of a specific plant in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, characterizing the parameters of the main equipment and analyzing the raw material and by-products of the process and quantifying the mass and energy. The exergy analysis methodology followed the mass balance of each step, calculating irreversibility and exergetic balance and efficiency of the plant. The calculation of chemical exergy of the compounds of biomass from soybean oil and beef tallow, biodiesel, glycerol and free fatty acids was accomplished by raising the calorific value of the compounds by their chemical composition and mass percentage. Moreover, they were also calculated the specific irreversibility of methanol and process inputs, the irreversibility concerning electricity, mechanical work and steam. It was found that the useful exergy was 63.4%, however, considering that the glycerin can be sold as a final product and that some raw materials can be reused, the useful exergy of the system could be equal to 94.2%. The exergy efficiency of the plant is 71.7%, due to the irreversibility of the system. The exergy destroyed was 5.8% and could be minimized by changing variables such as temperature, reaction time and type of catalyst.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Biodiesel, Energy technology, Biofuel, Exergy
- by Mihaela Florea
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- Energy technology

Increasing fossil fuel prices, electricity demand, and global concern for greenhouse gas emissions have generated an increase in research of novel renewable energy technologies for green power generation. Renewable solar-photovoltaic (PV) systems are known fosr their ability to directly convert the solar energy into electrical energy for locations where there is a desperate need and demand for electrical power, e.g. Communities and towns in remote locations, and solar energy is available. PV systems tend to generate more power if they are operated efficiently. The inclination (tilt) angle at which a solar photovoltaic (PV) module is sloped from the horizontal plane is one of the most influencing system parameters that affects the electrical power output from the PV system. This is due to the fact that the variation in the tilt angle affects the amount of incident solar radiation received on a PV system and utilized by the load once installed at a certain site. In this work, a mathematical model is used to estimate the total solar radiation incident on an inclined surface and to determine the optimum inclination angle for maximizing power generation from a solar PV system installed in Slave Lake, Alberta, Canada. The total solar energy received on the optimally inclined PV surface is computed for all months in a year. It was found that the monthly average optimum tilt angle of the PV system varied from a minimum value of 9 o in the month of June to a maximum value of 78 o in the months of January and December. The yearly average monthly optimum tilt angle for the fixed PV system in Slave Lake was estimated to be at 47 o. It was also found that the highest maximum incident radiation of approximately 21.30 Mj/m 2 for the whole year occurred in the month of June, where as approximately 30.4% of this value (the lowest in the year) occurred in the month of December. The minimum incident solar radiation for all months in the winter season occurred at almost zero tilt angle and that the variation of the monthly average daily sunlight hours varied from 6.9 hours in December to as high as 17.1 hours in June.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Energy technology, Canada, Solar Energy, Power Generation
- by Sergi Vall
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- Energy technology
- by Yusuf Isa
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- Chemistry, Energy technology
- by Maryorie Santos Santiago
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- Energy technology
- by Eva Unger
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- Energy technology
- by Donna Guillen
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- Heat Transfer, Heat Exchanger, Energy technology, Research and Development

Exploring and utilising the concept of intersectionality as research paradigm, methodological guidance, and as a tool of analysis, D3.3 provides a rich description of the perceptions and attitudes towards the energy system and large-scale energy technologies amongst the participants from ENTRUST’s six communities of practice. Drawing on the qualitative and quantitative data produced from engaging with community members, the ‘(in)visibility of energy’, and the issue of ‘power and the control of the energy system’, as well as the acceptability of RES and other forms of power generation, including nuclear, are discussed.

- by Nirmal Adhikari
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- Energy technology

A solar chimney system was established in Mansoura University which was designed as a square collector with an area of 100m 2 , the side length 10 m, height 8 m and the diameter 0.3 m. It's floor was painted with black bitumen and covered with plastic having a thickness of 150 microns. The height of air inlet collector (periphery) was 0.15 m to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the performance of solar chimney (SCS). Tests were carried out at a wide range of ambient temperatures and solar radiation. In this study, conducted on September 20 and 21, ambient temperature, air inlet temperature, the temperature under collector, the temperature under the chimney, air velocity and solar radiation during the two days were recorded with time. Experimental measurements indicate that as long as the collector air temperature increases, the velocity of air inside the chimney increases.

- by Avanti Publisher and +1
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- Renewable Energy, Energy technology, Solar Energy, Solar Chimney

This papers aims at optimizing the energy consumption of reactive distillation columns for simulation of biodiesel production. The design of the proposed biodiesel production uses lauric acid (C12H24O2) as feedstock in a reactive distillation column. In order to do so, selection has been done by selecting the design parameters of the column: the number of stages, feeding flows, reflux ratio, the height of the transfer unit as well as the analysis of the Sulzer BX packing. ASPEN PLUS TM simulation software has been used to work out the thermodynamic steady state of the system on which the optimization is based on. Energy optimization is carried out through the Pinch Point Analysis. Thus it has been proven that the Pinch Point Analysis allows optimization of the heat exchange network in a distillation column. Results showed that it is possible to reduce drastically the energy requirements of a distillation process up to 60 %. The heat exchange network showed that is promising to design more energy-efficient and environment-friendly distillation process for production of biodiesel.

- by Avanti Publisher
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- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biodiesel, Energy technology

This document reports on a study of the perceptions and attitudes towards energy technologies undertaken in six case study communities in France, Ireland, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. This exploration is conducted as part of a research project exploring the 'human factor' in the energy system, within which a complementary study of energy-related practices is also being prepared. Both of these studies are taking an intersectional approach to the analysis, recognising that people have multiple, interdependent, overlapping axes of social identity – this research is focusing on gender, socio-economic privilege and age. The purpose of the report is to move away from the dominating paradigm of treating people as uniquely rational decision-makers and introduce the very real social contexts through which they negotiate and understand their role within the energy system; with specific focus on their views on the energy technologies that comprise it. The underlying feelings, a...

The development and use of an optimum biomass energy conversion process requires details of characteristics and composition. Agricultural residues are the potential and valuable energy sources need a development of proper conversion process to use for the different applications. This paper deals with the discussion on different agricultural residue conversion processes and the different methods of characterization of agricultural residues. The main agricultural residue conversion processes are thermochemical and biochemical. These are again having the sub processes based on type of residue and end product requirement. The characterization methods are the thermogravimetric analysis/differential temperature analysis (TGA/DTA), elemental analysis (CHNS-O), Fourier transform infrared ray analysis (FTIR), near infrared ray analysis (NIR), X ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. It has been observed that the TGA/DTA and elemental analysis are important for choosing biomass energy conversion process. The pyrolysis is having the highest conversion efficiency and gasification and fermentation are moderate.

- by Dr. K.M Akkoli
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- Energy technology
- by Amir H Mohammadi
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- Kinetics, Energy technology, Gas Hydrates
- by Andrea Marchionni and +1
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- Electrochemistry, Energy Conversion, Energy technology, Carbon Dioxide Fixation

National energy demand is rising along with rapid increase of Indonesian population and household. Household sector shows the highest percentage in Indonesia’s energy consumption. An attempt to reduce household energy consumption could be done by implementing standardization and energy efficient labeling on household appliances. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of mass pot’s component towards energy efficiency on household appliances (electric rice cooker). The method of measuring energy consumption is based on Test Guidelines for Electric rice cookers: Condensed test requirements in relation to the CCEC/T11-2006 technical specification QB/T3899 – 1999 standard & JIS C 9212 – 1993. The result obtained from determining energy efficiency is then analyzed by using statistical model. The result shows that mass pot’s has significant effect on increase in energy efficiency. Firstly, the efficiency pattern shows an increasing pattern. After that it decreases until efficiency value equal to the increase in rice cooker capacity. The energy efficiency of mass pot has the highest value on 1 liter rice cooker capacity with optimal temperature and pressure vapor about 96.60oC and 667.92 mmHg

- by Bayu Utomo
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- Energy efficiency, Energy technology

To ensure a quality power supply the power system should not only match the total generation with total load and the associated system losses but also should emphasis better Ancillary Services. Even small disturbances to the power system can result in wide deviation in system frequency and quick restoration process are of prime importance not only based on the time of restoration and also should ensure stability limits. This paper proposes various design procedures for computing Power System Ancillary Service Requirement Assessment Indices (PSASRAI) for a Two-Area Thermal Reheat Interconnected Power System (TATRIPS) in a restructured environment. As simple conventional Proportional plus Integral (PI) controllers are still popular in power industry for frequency regulation as in case of any change in system operating conditions new gain values can be computed easily even for multi-area power systems, this paper focus on the computation of various PSASRAI for Two Area Thermal Reheat Interconnected Power System in restructured environment based on the settling time and peak undershoot concepts of control input deviations of each area. Energy storage is an attractive option to augment demand side management implementation, so storage devices like Super Capacitor Energy Storage (SCES) and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit can be efficiently utilized to meet the peak demand. So the design of the Proportional plus Integral (PI) controller gains for the restructured power system without and with the storage units are carried out using Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithm. These controllers are implemented to achieve a faster restoration time in the output responses of the system when the system experiences with various step load perturbations. In this paper the PSASRAI are calculated for different types of possible transactions and the necessary remedial measures to be adopted are also suggested. If PSARAI based on settling time lies between 1 to 1.5 and if PSARAI based on peak undershoot is less than 0.2 distributed generation has to be incorporated and if the limit exceeds then the system becomes vulnerable and may result to black outs.

- by Frans Snijkers
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- Energy technology

Few years back I invented Gravity Energy system, which is one of the simplest and best Energy Technologies of modern times. Not understood yet by Energy Industry and many Energy Companies this type of Energy Technology is best of them all.
It is a form of Renewable Energy in a way and really Eco-Friendly. There is no pollution of any kind produced during operation or even in developing stage of Gravity Energy.

- by Bogdan Majkic
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- Environmental Science, Energy Economics, Technology, Renewable Energy
- by ADITYA CHAUHAN
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- Energy technology, Ceramics, Electrocaloric effect