Environmental GIS Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Nowadays, daily life intensively depends on public services. Increasing population and urbanization take humans away from environment which may lead to chaos in usage of city lands. Consequently, human is in trouble using public services and facilities including green spaces. Isfahan, one of the metropolitans, has 18 m2 green spaces per person while City Park of district 8 is of inappropriate distribution with regard to population density. To create a localization map of civil park, Isfahan district 8 has been selected. The selected district delimits to Baharestan in north and to Kaveh street in west and to Shahid Forouqi in south and to Emam Komeini street in west-south. Finally, GIS has been used to create given layers and calculate weights based on AHP. According to overlap between layers, the most appropriate places have been identified.

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- 3D GIS, Historical GIS, Public Participation GIS, Archaeological GIS
- by Mustafa Hatem Jebur
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- Geology, Indonesian Studies, Indonesia, Environmental Remote Sensing

Climate change is a looming threat for many aspects of human society, not the least of which is agriculture and food. Theobroma cacao, the plant behind the much-loved chocolate bars, is especially vulnerable to shifts in precipitation and temperature regimes. It also forms the backbone for many smallholder farmers in tropical areas. This study examines the bioclimatic suitability of current cocoa growing areas under future climate change projections, and proposes areas to focus further attention on research. While the cocoa belt as a whole faces declining suitability for growing, some of the most crucial regions for the cocoa industry – West Africa and the Amazon – are under augmented threat as the century progresses. With this knowledge as backdrop, it is possible to direct energy not only into adaptation measures for regions at risk (including alternative management and crop diversification), but also look to new opportunities for cocoa farming.

- by Rachel Friedman
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- Climate Change, Environmental GIS, Climate Change Impacts, Cocoa

The ArcGIS® Botanical Garden & Zoological Park Data Model is an evolving free and open source geographic information system (GIS) template for implementing GIS projects at botanical gardens, zoos, and similar public landscapes that is designed for Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESRI) ArcGIS® software. The data model is being designed by a consortium of domain specialists from the botanical garden and zoological park community called the Alliance for Public Gardens GIS that is led by the UC Davis Arboretum to provide institutions of all sizes and funding levels an effective means of achieving a return on investment with GIS. This paper describes the need for GIS in botanical gardens and zoos, the collaborative process used to design the data model, the current status of the project, and the future plans for the model’s evolution.

Urbanisation is correlated with population density and built-up density. The haphazardly increasing trend of urbanisation creates problems like increasing cost of land, urban congestion, poor housing structure, low educational status, lack of basic urban services and other related problems. This is mainly due to uncontrolled and unplanned urban expansion. The present research work is an attempt to monitoring physical expansion of Pune City during 1973-2014 with the help of GIS and remote sensing techniques. The city has been expanding in all directions during the last four decades but this is more pronounced to the east of the city than to the west, due to natural barrier like hills and undulating topography. The major problem of the study area has shifting of agricultural areas into non-agricultural uses.

- by Dr. Nitin Mundhe
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- Geography, Urban Geography, Urban Studies, Environmental GIS

Reclaimed water from small wastewater treatment facilities in the rural areas of the Beira Interior region (Portugal) may constitute an alternative water source for aquifer recharge. A 21-month monitoring period in a constructed wetland treatment system has shown that 21,500 m3 year−1 of treated wastewater
(reclaimed water) could be used for aquifer recharge. A GIS-based multi-criteria analysis was performed, combining ten thematic maps and economic, environmental and technical criteria, in order to produce a suitability map for the location of sites for reclaimed water infiltration. The areas chosen for aquifer
recharge with infiltration basins are mainly composed of anthrosol with more than 1 m deep and fine sand texture, which allows an average infiltration velocity of up to 1 m d−1. These characteristics will provide a final polishing treatment of the reclaimed water after infiltration (soil aquifer treatment (SAT)),
suitable for the removal of the residual load (trace organics, nutrients, heavy metals and pathogens).
The risk of groundwater contamination is low since the water table in the anthrosol areas ranges from 10 m to 50 m. On the other hand, these depths allow a guaranteed unsaturated area suitable for SAT. An area of 13,944 ha was selected for study, but only 1607 ha are suitable for reclaimed water infiltration.
Approximately 1280 m2 were considered enough to set up 4 infiltration basins to work in flooding and
drying cycles.

Spatial modeling using multi-scale grid system is adopted to determine the threshold and distribution pattern of regional carrying capacity. Water-provisioning service is used as a quantitative approach. Closed system was applied in which it was based solely on the potential of existing resources in the region without taking in to account the ﬂow of material in or out of the system. Steps being taken include the distribution of water demand – of land and domestics – and supply; and the determination of carrying capacity status based on the threshold of water-provisioning services. A grid system with 5″×5″resolution is used to accommodate the various sets and scale, of data. The result shows, 82.29% of Sumedang Regency; 68.43% of Cimahi City; 61.29% of Bandung City; 60.51% of Bandung Barat Regency; and 57.34% of Bandung Regency are still able to fulfill the demands of the population.

Prahova County is one the most urbanized and economically developed areas of Romania, and one of the main waste-generating counties. The present study aims to analyse, by using GIS techniques, waste landfill placement suitability, based on environmental and legal criteria. Firstly, the restrictive factors, established by law, were analysed, including distance from localities, forests, protected areas and water courses. Secondly, natural factors that influence the waste landfill siting suitability were also analysed, such as: slope, seismic risk, soil texture, and mean annual rainfall. The results, expressed by the suitability index for waste landfills (SIWL) in Prahova County, showed that 11% (516 km²) of the study area is favourable to waste landfill siting, but only 3.4% (160 km²) of the area is highly suitable.

It has long been acknowledged that there is a gap between the advancement of GIS in the research field and its application in planning practice. This paper demonstrates the potential for employing simple GIS mapping overlays as a way of communicating complex planning issues in a ‘language’ that is easily understandable and effective at stimulating policy debate, critical thinking, and learning. The analysis focuses on capturing the synergies and conflicts in two key planning challenges in England, progrowth and housing delivery agendas. In a political context where spatial evidence-based policy making has been eroded in recent years, the analysis demonstrates the need for policy makers to ‘think spatially, act spatially’ when developing different policies and programmes. The paper concludes that only by making spatial relationships of policies and programmes explicit in a manner that is easily understood by a range of actors, can different spatial scenarios and metaphors of future opportunities and challenges be developed to inform long-range development and planning.

- by Stephen Hincks and +1
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- Geography, Human Geography, Urban Geography, Regional Geography

Learn how to use ArcGIS Desktop to create, edit, manage, display, analyze, and share geographic data Use common geo-processing tools to select and extract features A guide with example-based recipes to help you get a better... more

Learn how to use ArcGIS Desktop to create, edit, manage, display, analyze, and share geographic data
Use common geo-processing tools to select and extract features
A guide with example-based recipes to help you get a better and clearer understanding of ArcGIS Desktop

- by Daniela Cristiana Docan
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- Urban Geography, Geometry And Topology, 3D GIS, Metadata

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based tools used to collect, store, manipulate and display spatially-referenced information. They are used to support decision-making in a wide variety of contexts, including spatial planning and environmental management. Because the process of GIS production, from software development to visualization of GIS output, is characterized by political, economic and social motivations, it is important that GIS practitioners are aware of issues such as access to data and the political economy of information, and the nature of GIS epistemologies vis-a-vis multiple coexisting perceptions of reality. Lack of such appreciation can lead to social and spatial marginalization of communities. Use of GIS in a research program for environmental management of the Cooum River in Chennai, and in support of participatory processes for managing environment and health in slums are used to demonstrate appropriate applications of GIS in India. Internet-distr...

- by Martin J Bunch
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- Geography, Human Geography, Economic Geography, International Development

Hydrogeochemical investigations with emphasis on groundwater fluoride concentrations were carried out in the Shivani watershed area, Karnataka, South India. This drought-prone watershed is characterised by poor groundwater potential and is composed of different lithounits like gneisses, migmatites, tonalites, mafics–ultramafics, conglomerates and quartzites. Analysis of spatial variation of groundwater fluoride concentration through the use of GIS technology software platforms like ArcView 3.2a and MapInfo Professional 8.5 has enabled the identification of low-fluoride and high-fluoride areas within the watershed. Geochemical data indicates that 38% of groundwater samples have excessive fluoride concentration which poses a health risk to the population of the area. Correlation studies indicate that higher groundwater alkalinity activates leaching of fluoride resulting in elevated concentrations of fluoride. No other significant geochemical interrelationship could be identified between fluoride and rest of the physico-chemical parameters owing to the lack of any significant correlation coefficients. This holds good in the case of both low-fluoride (<1.5 mg/L) and high-fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) groundwaters of the watershed. However, differential or non-uniform type (positive or negative) of coefficient of correlation is observed between fluoride at different levels and other physico-chemical parameters. Among the different lithounits of the study area, gneisses house comparatively more number of high-fluoride groundwaters. Fluoride-bearing minerals biotite, hornblende and apatite are the probable natural sources of groundwater fluoride.

- by Tejaswi Lakkundi
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- Cartography, Geology, Remote Sensing, Fluoride

A conservation and development plan for the Beaver Creek Watershed in north Knox County, Tennessee.

- by Mark DeKay
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- Botany, Landscape Ecology, City and Suburban Integration, Environmental Education

تطبيق إنشاء قاعدة بيانات جغرافية مؤسسية لبلدية الزوايدة وعمل بعض التحليلات المكانية ..
Application to create a database of geographic institutional Zawayda Municipality and the work of some spatial analysis ..

- by Kamal El Sayed
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- Geometry And Topology, Geodesy, Geomatics, Remote Sensing

This paper aims at establishing changes in land use and land cover in Igbokoda municipality using Geographic Information System and remote sensing techniques. Three satellite images for three different epochs 1986, 1999 and 2013 were used to produce a land use/land cover map classification for Igbokoda. In determining the extent of land use/land cover changes in the township from 1986 through 1999 to 2013, Landsat images of the town were downloaded from the United State Geological Survey online archive. The images were analyzed using change detection technique (NDVI differencing) along with SRTM 90m DEM of the study area to generate the extent of the changes that have occurred. Ground trotting was carried out to ascertain the accuracy of data and the major changes in the land use/land cover. Results show that vegetation has decreased from 75.04% in 1986 to 46.81% in 2013 which was due to increase in population and rapid urbanization. In 1996 the Built-up area covers 19.6321 km2 of the study area but has increased rapidly to 39.1505 km2 in the year 1999 with an average annual increment of 2.025Km2/year. By the year 2013, the built-up area has increased to 64.1520Km2. Also in the same vein, the bare surface area which was 13.28029km2 in 1986 was increased to 39.6053 and 50.240Km2 in 1999 and 2013 respectively. On the contrary, the vegetated area of Igbokoda reduced from 196.3046Km2 in 1999 to 122.4680Km2 in 2013. This study has demonstrated that remotely sensed data and GIS based approach is timely and cost effective than the conventional method of analysis, classification of land use pattern effective for planning and management. It further shows that If the rapid change in land use is not properly manage, the situation poses a serious threat to Igbokoda town by increasing surface runoff and susceptibility to flooding.

- by Fidelis O . AJIBADE and +1
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- Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Civil Engineering
- by Biswajeet Pradhan
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- Remote Sensing, Hydrology, Flood Risk Management, Malaysia
- by Sivarajah Mylevaganam
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- Remote Sensing, Satellite remote sensing, Web GIS, Environmental GIS
- by Carlos Peguero Orta
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- 3D GIS, Historical GIS, Archaeological GIS, Environmental GIS

Floods are one of the most common and widely distributed natural risks to life and property. Due to such hazards associated with flooding as disruption of services, health impacts, famine and disease, flood protection must be taken into account in almost all development projects. Feasibility study of flood and evaluating the sensitive places prone to flood is the main step for controlling and managing the flood and utilizing it. Kaleybar Chay basin, that is located in East Azerbaijan province, is one of the areas which has experienced several floods during the last years and because of mismanagement, it has caused several life and property losses to the residents of this area. In this study, the effective factors which impact on flooding, from physical, hydrological and environmental factors were explored through executing the ANP model. Through the present research, the ETM + image of the Landsat satellite and the ANP model were used considering their abilities in analyzing the criteria and coefficient of their results with their real world. The results of the study showed that in ANP method, 20 percent of the area which is in the north areas of the basin has the high risk from flooding aspect; the results of the study were supplied for recognizing the area with high possibility of flooding in Kaleybar Chay basin and the provided maps will be used in executive organizations (such as governorate, natural resources) for logistics planning and controlling the flood.

- by Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari and +1
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- Remote Sensing, 3D GIS, Historical GIS, Archaeological GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based tools used to collect, store, manipulate and display spatially-referenced information. They are used to support decision-making in a wide variety of contexts, including spatial planning and environmental management. Because the process of GIS production, from software development to visualization of GIS output, is characterized by political, economic and social motivations, it is important that GIS practitioners are aware of issues such as access to data and the political economy of information, and the nature of GIS epistemologies vis-à-vis multiple coexisting perceptions of reality. Lack of such appreciation can lead to social and spatial marginalization of communities. Use of GIS in a research program for environmental management of the Cooum River in Chennai, and in support of participatory processes for managing environment and health in slums are used to demonstrate appropriate applications of GIS in India. Internet-distributed GIS as a potential avenue to address issues of public access to data is also considered.

- by Martin J Bunch
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- Human Geography, Economic Geography, Spatial Analysis, International Development

Rapid urbanization has greatly increased the volume of runoff generated in many developed areas and subsequently resulting in flooding. This study evaluated the flood prone area of Igbokoda town in Ondo State and developed a flood risk map to facilitate proper planning and future flood mitigation. Scientific technique of GIS was used to identify flood risk areas within the study area. The Landsat 5 (TM), Landsat 7 (ETM+) and Landsat 8 (LC) images for 1986, 1999 and 2013 coupled with STRM 90 m DEM data of the area were used to identify three categorized risk zones. A total of 339 basins were delineated and stream network on the landscape of this area were carved. Hydrological and vegetation cover analyses were conducted using the satellite imageries obtained from United States Geological Surveys Archive online over the study area for three different epochs 1986, 1999 and 2013. There was a sharp decrease in area of vegetation cover from 1986 (19,630 ha) to 1999 (16,527.36 ha) and in 2013 (12,246.80 ha). The hydrological analysis results revealed that a major part of the residential area within the largest basin delineated was associated with low elevation and high slope angle. The combined stream network and slope of the area were used in developing flood risk zones. Three zones were specified: high, medium, and low flood risk zones. The total area covered by the high risk zone was 28.5615 km 2 while the area of the medium and small risk zones were 15.94759 km 2 and 31.3619 km 2 respectively. It is recommended that an increased awareness on flood risk zone should be created among the populace of Igbokoda to guide them in further development.

The Coastal Chumash resided in permanent towns supplied by an economy of hunting, gathering and fishing practiced in a region possessing high ecological diversity. An elaborate exchange system trading food, raw resources and manufactured goods was developed most likely to deal with the occasionally unpredictable environment. Anthropologists argue that it was the environmental productivity of the region where Chumash peoples resided which contributed to higher populations and greater sociopolitical complexity than that of other hunter-gatherer societies. The Burton Mound site, CA-SBA-28, was consistently documented by the Spanish expeditions of the 16th-19th centuries as being adjacent to a principal town of the Barbareño Chumash. As a result of historic and modern construction, this important site and many others in the Santa Barbara Channel Region either no longer exist or are inaccessible. Thus, the collections resulting from three excavations at CA-SBA-28 are of considerable significance. Only one of the collections has been the subject of a major publication (Harrington 1928). In 1969, Dr. Claude Warren directed excavations of the site prior to pending construction. The faunal remains recovered from the 1969 excavation are studied for the first time to investigate Coastal Chumash subsistence during phases of the Early and Middle periods for which little is known. Analysis of the faunal assemblage provides insights into timing and use of Chumash watercraft, and how climatic uncertainty may have affected subsistence and settlement patterns.

- by Heather McDaniel
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- Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, California Indians, Archaeological GIS
- by Sandra Gaskell
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- Environmental Engineering, Landscape Ecology, Cartography, Archaeology

Dans le domaine de la géomatique on assiste actuellement à une véritable révolution au niveau de la production des données avec l’apparition de nombreuses « Big Data ». Cette révolution est directement liée aux évolutions matérielles et technologiques qui permettent d’embarquer un logiciel SIG (système d’information géographique) sur un smartphone ou une tablette, de saisir une multitude d’informations géolocalisées qui seront directement stockées dans des serveurs via une connexion Internet. Théoriquement un chercheur peut maintenant voir en temps réel les données relevées sur un domaine expérimental. Du côté de l’utilisateur sur le terrain il peut visualiser plusieurs couches géographiques sur sa tablette et saisir des informations descriptives ou vectorielles avec les options de navigation sur les données d’un SIG couplées aux fonctionnalités du géonavigateur qui facilitent sa prise de relevés. Ces SIG nomades sont avant tout des SIG qui doivent répondre aux contraintes liées à la mobilité. Les concepts clés déterminant la fonctionnalité de votre SIG nomade sont principalement l’accessibilité (communication entre les appareils mobiles, à la base de données depuis le mobile ou depuis le bureau), la
synchronisation (mise à jour des mêmes données par plusieurs personnes sur le terrain, sauvegardes) et l’interopérabilité (communication / exploitation entre différents SIG). Ces concepts seront illustrés à partir de deux exemples : un exemple simple où une personne fait ses propres relevés et un exemple plus complexe où plusieurs personnes travaillent sur la même donnée (un agent sur le terrain avec QGIS en mode mobile, données stockées dans PostgreSQL avec l’extension PostGIS et hébergées dans alwaysdata.com, et un utilisateur dans son bureau observant l’avancée des relevés en direct sur ArcMap).

- by Renaud Lahaye
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- GPS Applications, Archaeological GIS, Web GIS, Environmental GIS

Calvert K and Simandan D (2010) Energy, space, and society: a reassessment of the changing landscape of energy production, distribution, and use Journal of Economics and Business Research XVI(1), pp. 13-37.
ABSTRACT: While geography has always mattered for the energy sector, the relative effects of location and distance on the economics of energy regimes are increasing as we begin to deploy more renewable energy technologies. This reintroduction of the friction of distance is leading to an energy landscape that is far different from fossil-based regimes. The new energy paradigm, based as it is upon the physics and the economics of renewable energy, is being reflected in the landscape as distributed, decentralized, and diversified patterns of energy generation. Because the increased use of renewable energy technologies is beginning to change the spatial patterns of political and socioeconomic activities, a thorough understanding of these patterns is crucial to increasing the socio-political acceptability of new technologies and to avoiding the socially costly unintended consequences of policy and investment decisions. This paper proposes a theoretical foundation upon which economists and economic geographers could scaffold their analyses of the spatial characteristics of the economics of energy use. To this end, we bring together two complementary conceptualizations of economic geography: firstly, as the study of the effects of location and distance on energy economics, and secondly, as the study of the ways in which political, economic, and technological energy-related practices give rise to particular spatial patterns of socio-economic welfare. We end the paper by developing the concept of energy rationality and showing how it relates to discussions of metarationality, common sense, and wisdom.

- by Dragos Simandan
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- Critical Theory, Environmental Engineering, Economic History, Landscape Ecology

In a challenging world of exponentially increasing numbers, relationships, and complexities, the GIS-based technologies make possible the gathering, compilation, analysis, as well as representation of very large amounts of hypothetical and/or real-world data. The computational and representational capabilities offered by these technologies promise the ability to deal effectively with even greater complexities and challenges of maintaining sustainable urban patterns in the future. This study offers an introductory outline of prominent sustainability issues as they relate to the planning and design of urban areas, where growth and sprawl bring other major concerns. Due to their unprecedented computational and representational capabilities computers, programs, digital satellite imagery, remote sensing and numerous other GIS-based technologies are regularly employed in many processes supporting such urban planning and design processes. The GIS applications in sprawling urban areas typically involve tracking land uses, monitoring the specific changes in urban population, densities, construction, housing, roads, as well as services. The GIS-based technologies, tools, and methodologies reviewed in this study are particularly chosen because of their significance in measuring, monitoring, modeling, and analyzing urban sprawl. This study finds that some of the most common methodologies include the use of software such as ERDAS (Leica) and ArcGIS (ESRI), as well as data retrieved from sources such as Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ and IRS LISS-III.

- by Tulu Toros, PhD
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- Civil Engineering, Landscape Ecology, Future Studies, Renewable Energy

Although it is known that air pollution may lead to increased asthma prevalence, no clear scientific evidence of direct
association between air pollution and asthma rate has been reported. In the present study, a Geographical Information
System (GIS) approach was developed to determine the association between asthma hospital discharge rate (ADR) and
seasonal exposure to specific ambient air pollutants in eastern Texas, USA, during the period 2009 to 2011. Quarterly
asthma data were obtained from Texas State Department of Health, National Asthma Survey surveillance of Texas State,
USA. Quarterly mean concentrations of fine particular matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were
determined from the corresponding measured daily data collected by various air quality monitoring stations distributed in different counties in the study area. Using Pearson correlation analysis, quarterly average of air pollutant concentrations was compared to quarterly Asthma discharge rate (ADR). The results revealed that the association between quarterly exposure of air pollution and ADR was not statistically significant in the study area. During the study period, a negative correlation coefficient was observed between the quarterly mean concentration of ozone and NO2 with the quarterly ADR. However, in most of the cases a positive correlation coefficient was observed between the quarterly mean concentration of PM2.5 and the quarterly ADR, indicating a probable association between ambient air pollution exposure and asthma prevalence.

- by Neha Shaw and +3
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- Asthma, Air pollution, Air Pollution and Health Effects, Health
- by Jordan Tzvetkov
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- Landscape Ecology, Cartography, Cultural Landscapes, Web GIS
- by Biswajeet Pradhan
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- Earth Sciences, Radar, Malaysia, Satellite remote sensing

Mamy ogromną przyjemność oddać do rąk czytelnika długo oczekiwaną publikację prezentującą opracowania użytkowników licencji SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Wspólną i spójną tematyką niniejszego wydania jest wykorzystanie technik Systemów Informacji Przestrzennej (GIS) w różnych dziedzinach: zaczynając od nauk przyrodniczych i kończąc na cyfrowej humanistyce. Niniejsza publikacja, choć nieco w innej odsłonie, stanowi kontynuację pomysłu stworzenia forum wymiany informacji na UW prowadzącego do rozwoju i upowszechniania warsztatu badawczego wykorzystującego narzędzia GIS w różnych dziedzinach nauki. W zamyśle ma zachęcać do propagowania interdyscyplinarności
projektów realizowanych na Uczelni. Pierwszy tom serii, pod redakcją Jerzego Lechnio, powstał w 2015 i nosił tytuł „GIS w UW. Pierwsze forum użytkowników licencji edukacyjnej SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Materiały pokonferencyjne„. Stanowił bardzo ciekawą relację z postępów prac studentów i doktorantów, którzy wzięli udział w pierwszej ogólnouniwersyteckiej konferencji Forum Użytkowników Licencji SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Konferencja ta, w założeniu jako impreza cykliczna, ostała zainicjowana przez Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych UW i odbyła się po raz pierwszy 6 lutego 2014 roku. Konwencję „Forum” zaproponował wówczas mgr Jerzy Lechnio i dr Maciej Lenartowicz
Niniejsze wydanie zawiera owoce prac dwóch kolejnych edycji konferencji: drugiej zorganizowanej na Wydziale Geologii UW (w dniu 18 lutego 2015 roku), oraz trzeciej, która odbyła się w Instytucie Archeologii UW (10-12 grudnia 2015 roku). Sprawozdania z wspomnianych konferencji zostały włączone do niniejszego woluminu. Niniejsza publikacja zawiera przede wszystkim artykuły prezentujące wybrane i najciekawsze wystąpienia z dwóch kolejnych konferencji, a stąd zachowuje porządek chronologiczny, czyli podział na tom II i III.
Wspomniane tomy obejmują ogółem dwanaście artykułów. Ich tematyka koncentruje się na takich zagadnieniach, jak: GIS w badaniach środowiskowych, zróżnicowanie tematyczne i rola danych przestrzennych w nauce i praktyce oraz komunikacji społecznej, analiza zdjęć satelitarnych i jej zastosowania, GIS w archeologii i humanistyce. Szerokie spektrum poruszanych tematów i różnorodność zastosowań technik GIS świadczą o dużych kompetencjach i potencjale absolwentów
UW na rynku pracy.
Artykuły poświęcone zastosowaniu metod i technik GIS w ocenie stanu środowiska poruszają problemy istotne z perspektywy Polski, jak i skali globu. Ich zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych, ewapotranspiracji (parowanie z powierzchni gruntu), analiz przepuszczalność gruntu w miastach, problematyki globalnego ocieplenia, podatność lasów na uszkodzenia silnym wiatrem, czy też procesów urbanizacji.
Przykłady wykorzystania analiz zdjęć satelitarnych obejmują zarówno analizy bazujące na zastosowaniach wysokiej rozdzielczości zobrazowań panchromatycznych CORONA, jak i multispektralnych z misji Landsat i Worldview-2.
Ważnym zagadnieniem poruszanym przez autorów jest kwestia dostępności danych z zasobów publicznych, w tym Centralnej Bazy Danych Geologicznych, bazy otworów geologicznych PITAKA, Corine Land Cover i Urban Atlas. W wspomnianym nurcie mieści się prezentacja projektu udostępniania danych geograficznych w postaci Regionalizacji geomorfologicznej Karpat.
W publikacji znajdziemy, również przykłady zastosowań technologii GIS w dokumentacji archeologicznej, które rozwijane są z powodzeniem w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim.
Prezentowane opracowania obejmują przede wszystkim wyniki prac magisterskich i licencjackich studentów i absolwentów oraz badań bardziej doświadczonych badaczy z UW. Dowodzą dobitnie, że na naszych oczach dokonuje się rewolucja za sprawą szerokiego i multidyscyplinarnego wykorzystania metod i technik GIS oraz danych przestrzennych, która wpływa na pomnażanie wiedzy o otaczającym świecie, a także rozwój nowych pól badawczych w dziedzinie humanistyki, czy dystrybucję informacji w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego.
Rangę publikacji podnosi fakt, że wszystkie z prezentowanych artykułów podlegały recenzji naukowej i opracowaniu redakcyjnemu.

- by Julia M. Chyla and +13
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- Archaeology, Geology, Geomorphology, Forestry

The tendency of disasters in Indonesia continues to increase from year to year. Hydro-meteorological disasters such as floods, droughts, landslides, cyclones and tidal waves are the dominant type of disaster in Indonesia that occurred almost 80% of the total disaster in Indonesia. Value of an area prone to landslides is determined from the total sum of the multiplication of the weights and scores of 7 (seven) parameters that influence the floods and landslides at the top, while the risk of landslides is determined from the potential landslide prone are integrated with the results of the vulnerability analysis and the element of risk. The results of the analysis of landcover change from year 2000-2013 shows the extent of forest cover has decreased significantly, from 10.02% in 2000 to 1.37% in 2013 (a decrease of 8.65% over 13 years). The downward trend is the same for bush/shrub and dryland agriculture, amounting to 7.34% from the year 2000-2013 to scrub/shrub, and amounted to 11.81% from the year 2000-2013 to dryland agriculture. While the settlements cover area increased significantly, from 11.40% in 2000 to 25.14% in 2013 (an increase of 13.74% over 13 years). The same tendency of the increase occurred in the mix garden/plantation, amounting to 16.53% of the years 2000-2013. Hazard potential for landslides Citarum dominated by Not Prone (36.28%), Low Prone (36.47%) and Medium Prone (21.44%). While the High Prone potential amounted to only 5.13% and 0.68% for Very High Prone. To the potential risk of landslides is dominated by Not Risk (37.66%), Low risk (44.86%) and the Medium Risk (17.45%). High Risk While a very small percentage (0.04%). The potential of high and very high prone to landslides are in Bandung (14.1% and 1.9%), Bandung Barat (5.8% and 0.1%) and Cianjur (4.2% and 1.7%), which caused the three districts have the physical characteristics of the land physiographic and potentially for the occurrence of landslides. As for the potential risk of moderate and high risk contained in Bandung (33.2% and 0.1%), Bandung Barat (23.9% and 0.01%) and Cianjur (21.3% and 0.1%) , which is caused in these districts have a higher vulnerability value and the value of the element of risk that is lower than the county/city other. The result of the integration of West Java RTRWP 2010-2030 shows in the preparation of spatial pattern has the aspect of a potential vulnerability to landslides. It is known from the placement of potential areas for the occurrence of landslides is high and very high as the pattern space for Forest Conservation (51.2% and 13.7%) and the Protected Forest (32.2% and 2.9%). As for the placement of residential location patterns of the population that is divided into urban spaces, fields and villages, mostly located in the class are not risk, low risk and medium risk to being; that is equal to 58.7%, 38.1% and 3.1% for Urban; 83.1%, 16.8% and 0.01% for Paddy Field and 40.5%, 51.7% and 7.8% for Rural.
Keywords : landslide, landcover change, hazard, risk, spatial pattern

In California, the Vegetation Type Map (VTM) project of the 1930’s has provided valuable historical vegetation data. Albert Wieslander led this effort to survey the forests of California in the 1930’s. His crews surveyed over 150,000 km2, drawing detailed vegetation maps, taking 3000 photos and 17,000 vegetation plots. We developed a technique to digitize the Placerville 309quadrangle VTM, rendering it to a Geographic Information System (GIS). The map covers 2408.8 km2 of the west slope of the Sierra Nevada. In this area VTM crews identified 59 dominant plant species and eight genera or land cover classes and mapped their distribution into 3422 polygons. They identified recently disturbed areas that covered 13.5%of the landscape. We compared the digital VTM quad to CALVEG, a satellite-derived vegetation map from 1996. Land cover change for California Wildlife Habitat Relationship (WHR) vegetation types had occurred on 42.1%of the area. WHR types with the largest gains were: Montane Hardwood, Douglas-Fir, and Annual Grassland. Low elevation hardwoods, particularly Blue Oak Woodland (dominated by Quercus douglasii, Fagaceae), chaparrals and upper elevation conifers were the types that lost the most area. Differences in mapping techniques are unlikely to be the cause of this change because the analysis used controlled for map-based errors. Potential causes of the observed change at these physiognomic levels of classification include human perturbation, succession, and climate change.

- by Brian Morgan
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- Historical GIS, Temporal GIS, Vegetation Ecology, Environmental GIS

The Kastrouli Late Bronze settlement in Phocis province, central Greece, has been proved to have been an important center in the periphery of the Mycenaean palaces. It was reused at least partially and was cultivated until the 20th century. The presence of a flat area off the Kastrouli hill and the seasonal flooding nowadays led to the present investigation, questioning the formation of an ancient lake or marsh/swamp. A methodological approach was applied combining the digital elevation model (DEM) and GIS of the wider and confined area, examining slopes between 0 and 5 degrees (0 and 8.75%), with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) traverses of around 300 and 500 m, reaching a depth of 100 m. The ERT data were rapidly collected on profiles and provided a crosssectional (2D) plot. It was found that, in the area, there is a basin with a length of 100 m and a depth of around 40-50 m. The sedimentation process over the millennia has filled the basin, with the upper 5-6 m surface layers of the area having a low resistivity. The presence of two natural sinkholes with apparent engineered hydraulic works is noted to conform to drainage and produce a habitable environment, protecting the cultivated land and avoiding a swamp associated with health issues.

- by IOANNIS LIRITZIS and +2
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- Prehistoric Archaeology, Limnology, Archaeological Science, Archaeological GIS