Geospatial Analysis Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by Andrea Ballatore
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- Computer Science, Open Source Software, Survey Research, Open Source

The theoretical framework of history used in an Annales approach can and should be a guide to spatial analysis. To illustrate this approach, the authors use spatial data from the RASA Project archaeological research on prehistoric human... more

- by Joy McCorriston
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- Spatial Analysis, Landscape Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Annales school

The current study intended to geospatially analyze the potentiality and site suitability of geo-ecotourism in West Bengal, India. The state of West Bengal is a great platform for diverse tourism and has enormous potential to cultivate geo-ecotourism, as has come up in recent years. The current effort throws some valuable light on the possibility of turning the many geologically, geomorphologically and ecologically significant tourist spots of West Bengal into geo-ecotourism sites, aided with geospatial techniques. The study deals with the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the potentiality of the whole state by dividing it into several geo-ecotourism zones, based on its physiographic setting and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) features, using satellite image data. The application of geospatial technology combined with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed for this geospatial analysis to portray the potential zones using cartographic and stati...

Geographic Information Systems or to cover a broader aspect of Geo-Spatial analysis, are changing the way businesses are done across the world. The number of satellites that was launched in the latter half of the previous century and all the investment that went into geographic and spatial is now bearing fruits trying to minimize the error rates in the business models. The "birds eye" is slowly becoming an important planning and strategic tool for management to take decisions. One industry that is reaping most of this innovation globally is the retail industry. Use of data in the retail industry is not new as retailers have been using a variety of data set from finding new locations to getting in more footfalls. They have been playing around data and draw insights to learn about customers and provide them with better service. But with changing times and retail business models, those data sets provide a limited scope to judge and make decisions. This is creating demand for new data sets that can provide access to deeper and more precise consumer-behaviour data. While the Indian market is witnessing a rapid change in retail consumer behaviour and newer and newer retail channels are being established, the geospatial analysis could be a big boon for businesses to clobber down their error rates as well as help them maximize their sales and generate a formidable customer base.

Abstract: The Pacific Ocean as site of global-capitalist dynamism remains riddled with antagonisms of political, territorial, and commercial conflict any contemporary version of the “Pacific Rim” needs to conjure with and contest. In an environmental sense all the more so, we can all but forget this Pacific Ocean while most citizens are dwelling in an urban life-world that depends for its material well-being on, from, and across this ocean. As in long-standing Romantic affects, this ocean becomes troped as alien presence of elemental sublimity, at once a threat and source of curative powers, as in deep-sea microbes that eat up the potent greenhouse gas, methane. This ocean of alien obliviousness can also flip into site of waste and remainder, from oil spills to radioactive contaminants, as the waters become filled with the heaviness of our military history and technological blunder. From the Bikini atoll atomic testing to the latest nuclear disaster in Fukushima Japan in 2011, humans of late-capitalist modernity threaten not just the water and air of locality but the Pacific as planetary bioregion. The tsunami reminded Pacific dwellers from Sendai in coastal Eastern Japan to Santa Cruz in Northern California that the Pacific Rim is not just a discourse, it is also an unstable, interconnected, and geologically interactive bioregion. Figurations of oceanic interconnection could thus move us towards a vision of “Becoming Oceania,” here projected in this essay as a site of transpacific, cross-border, and transnational solidarity. The forging of a transpacific ecopoetics (in Pacific-based writers like Epeli Hau’ofa, Brandy Nalani McDougall, Craig Santos-Perez, Juliana Spahr, as well as the earlier American writer Jack Kerouac) can push urban-ocean citizens towards figurations and affects of a “Pacific becoming Oceania” connected to planetary belonging, ecological confederation, peace, and trans-racial solidarity.

- by Rob S E A N Wilson
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- American Literature, Cultural Studies, Asian Studies, American Studies

Spatial modeling using multi-scale grid system is adopted to determine the threshold and distribution pattern of regional carrying capacity. Water-provisioning service is used as a quantitative approach. Closed system was applied in which it was based solely on the potential of existing resources in the region without taking in to account the ﬂow of material in or out of the system. Steps being taken include the distribution of water demand – of land and domestics – and supply; and the determination of carrying capacity status based on the threshold of water-provisioning services. A grid system with 5″×5″resolution is used to accommodate the various sets and scale, of data. The result shows, 82.29% of Sumedang Regency; 68.43% of Cimahi City; 61.29% of Bandung City; 60.51% of Bandung Barat Regency; and 57.34% of Bandung Regency are still able to fulfill the demands of the population.

Il terzo capitolo è dedicato ad un'approfondita descrizione della tecnologia GIS nella prima parte (caratteristiche, funzioni, ambiti d'applicazione e prospettive future) della cartografia numerica nella seconda parte (strutture e... more

In the northeastern highlands of Peru, the Chachapoya people used above-ground tombs to place their dead. The Chachapoya were a collection of different ethnic groups who shared similar cultural practices and lived within the borderlands of Andean mountains and Amazonian lowlands from approximately 900 to 1530 CE. However, within the Chachapoya region, above-ground tombs are significantly diverse. This study uses geospatial analyses to suggest that the heterogeneity of the Chachapoya people is materialized through the different ways in which they perceived and experienced the landscape of above-ground tombs. It considers how visibility and mobility shaped the everyday experience of communities in the past as people engaged with places of death in multiple and diverse ways.

Este artigo representa uma continuidade ao tema sobre Sistema de Referência de Coordenadas no QGIS. Hoje vamos tratar dos Sistemas de Coordenadas personalizados para compatibilizar dados em SAD 1969 de forma correta no SIG. Após a definição de um dado no sistema definido pelo usuário, devemos realizar a reprojeção dessa informação para SIRGAS 2000, pois esta é a referência oficial do país.

- by Jorge Santos
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- Opensource, Geospatial Analysis, Qgis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Learn how to use ArcGIS Desktop to create, edit, manage, display, analyze, and share geographic data Use common geo-processing tools to select and extract features A guide with example-based recipes to help you get a better... more

Learn how to use ArcGIS Desktop to create, edit, manage, display, analyze, and share geographic data
Use common geo-processing tools to select and extract features
A guide with example-based recipes to help you get a better and clearer understanding of ArcGIS Desktop

- by Daniela Cristiana Docan
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- Urban Geography, Geometry And Topology, 3D GIS, Metadata

ABSTRACT
This paper is concerned with solving the problem of indiscriminate location of telecommunication masts in Lagos Island Local Government, Lagos Nigeria. The study shows that in most cases, the masts were sited without regards to the stipulated Town Planning and Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) regulations. Therefore the non compliant masts poses various degrees of dangers for the nearby residents and occupants of nearby houses. Various strategies were suggested as ways of mitigating the indiscriminate location of telecom masts in the study area.

Social Capital is a vital asset that contributes to the development of professions as well as communities, specifically in small scale urban settings with a dense social structure. This research aims to investigate Social Capital for furniture industry grassroot economy in Damietta-Egypt. In this particular case, the furniture enterprises form the main economic base of the city socially inherited through generations. The research examines the dynamics of Social Capital as the main success factor of this economic cluster, building on Porter's Competitive Advantage theory and Putnam's Social Capital theory, linking networking, trust and norms to the spatial distribution of furniture enterprises in the city. The case study's complexity related to current challenges in light of recent development directions that compromise the existing coherent urban and social patterns. This paper is part of a project to Quantify Social capital, which is a generally qualitative, to provide data-driven commendations for community-oriented decision-making towards socioeconomically sustainable development. The methodology used in this paper incorporates semi-structured interviews, and the results feed into the following parts of the research by verifying a field survey for the geospatial GIS network map, as well as systemic urban observations. The output is a framework built on the understanding of furniture industry value chain, which forms the base of the quantification approach that follows. This framework of measuring Social Capital can be appropriated to other industries and urban settings that resemble similar characteristics to Damietta.

Solar energy enables to replace conventional or non-renewable energy sources. This
scenario has been widely implemented all over the world these days. Generally solar
harvesting plants are constructed by demolishing vast vegetation land parcels or forest
covers. But utilizing rooftops is known as feasible and trending one. But before installing
solar panels over rooftops, assessing where solar panels should be placed is an important
factor. This can be significantly benefited panel performance.
Currently, one of the most challenging problem which makes notable impact on efficiency
of producing solar energy is casting shadow by other objects such as buildings besides to
respective rooftops. GIS and Remote Sensing techniques were addressed in great level to
figure out optimum solution by excluding shadow casted sectors. Study consists of two
phases. First one is modeling 3D buildings and simulate shadow over model. And following
one is spatial analysis over temporal shadow simulation models with solar data. 3D
modelling with SketchUp and the integration of geospatial techniques (spatial analysis)
were pillars of present work processes. Especially, SketchUp was well customized and
resourceful for most required factors of study such accurate sun movement, position and
angle. Frequent weather imbalance of day and seasonal changes over year were considered
by analyzing annual solar data (i.e. Global Horizontal Insolation). By hourly casted shadow
raster models of a day, were got into spatial analysis (i.e. weighted overlay) with ArcGIS
desktop. Resultant of process was rooftop solar potential map. By assessing this, users
would be able to find out right solar potential spots over rooftops.

- by mr.rifas ahamed
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- Civil Engineering, Geography, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

As a result of the increase in road traffic accidents and the involvement of Federal Road Safety Corps in the rescue and management of road crash victims in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), this study deemed it apt to examine the effectiveness of the Emergency Ambulance Service Scheme (EASS) in road traffic accident in FCT Abuja. The study uses data from questionnaires administered to road safety zebra crew and the motorist in selected motor packs in Abuja. A total of 121 and 440 questionnaires were administered to Zebra crew members and motorists respectively using random sampling and cluster sampling. The study revealed that the level of awareness of the existence of the Abuja Zebra crew ambulance services is still very poor and that most accident victims are been conveyed to the hospital via private or public vehicles. It also revealed that road safety Zebra crew is still operating below the GOLDEN HOUR given by global standard as within 1 to 20 minutes of the crash. The study therefore recommended additional two (2) Zebra crew locations to be located along Airport road and NICON junction. The existing number of emergency ambulance vehicles and manpower should be increased in order to meet the global standard.

Perhaps one of the mostly hotly debated topics in recent years has been the question of "GIS and Big Data". Much of the discussion has been about the data: huge volumes of 2D and 3D spatial data and spatio-temporal data (4D) are now being... more

- by Guy Lansley
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- Population, Big Data, Census, Geospatial Analysis
- by Solomon Oladimeji
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- Geospatial Analysis

The research objectives were to examine the concentration of crime and its temporal patterns in Niš and compare the related research results in spatial criminology. Longitudinal property and violent crime data were geocoded and assigned to three types of grid cells. Descriptive statistics were used to examine crime concentration, and spatial stability of crime was tested using a spatial point pattern test. The findings suggest an intense concentration of all crime types within all areal units and years of study. The higher rates of concentration were found in the analysis of less common robbery and violent crime. Findings of spatial pattern analysis suggest moderate to a high degree of similarity in spatial patterns among all crime types. However, sensitivity analysis indicates significant changes in the spatial distribution of both property and violent crime. Therefore, an alternative method is applied. Theoretical implications are discussed, highlighting routine activities and crime pattern theory. The study aims to instigate more spatial analysis of crime and evidence based criminal policies within the region.

- by Dušan Stanković
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- Criminology, Spatio Temporal Analysis, Crime Mapping, Geospatial Analysis

The Philippines is one of the densely populated country in the world with over 337 persons per square kilometer. Most of the population is situated in Metro Manila with roughly 21,000 per square kilometer density in an area of over 600 square kilometers.. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology has published an updated trace of the Valley Fault System traversing the densely populated are of the Philippines. Amidst existence of the fault line, the Philippine government does not have a strict implementation of policies that pertains to the resiliency of structures from tremors and proper zoning that prohibit construction of structures within the deformation zones of the fault. Thus, the importance of identification of structures directly on top of the fault line and population is required for planning in case the " Big One " strikes.

Inductive and deductive modeling examples for spatial analysis.

ABSTRACT
Everyday life is dependent on telecommunication and as population increases so the need to cover more area for effective coverage thus the need for more telecommunication infrastructure to take advantage of the benefit attached to it. The study examined the spatial distribution of telecommunication mast and its environmental effects. Both primary and secondary data were collected from Kano metropolis. The GPS receiver was used to collect the coordinates of the mast locations and analysed with the Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR) in ArcMap 10.2. A total of 82 masts were identified within the metropolis. A total 400 copies of questionnaire were administered purposively and 355 retrieved for analysis. Random (balloting) sampling was used to select a total of 14 masts (two in each of the LGA in the metropolis) among those that do not meet the minimum setback distance. Distances were marked at 5m, 10m, 15m and 20m away from the masts to capture the varying spread of effects from the respondents. Results shows that the masts are clustered with NNR of 0.612568, critical value of <-2.58 and test of significant of P-value of 0.000 and Z-score of -6.75250 which implies that there is less than 1% likelihood that the pattern is as a result of random chance. The degree of clustering was also measured using Gestis Ord General statistical tool and result shows that the degree of clustering is low. Result also shows that 46% of the masts are in compliance with NCC/NESREA regulation out of the 82 captured and 54% violated the regulatory setback. The data collected were tabulated and result shows that reported effect cases decreases as distances increases from the mast and even at 10m the effect are still high which implies that the regulatory setback may still need to be reviewed. The varying effects observed at distances away across the metropolis was subjected to correlation analysis and the result shows that there is a strong relationship between the location of telecommunication mast and their effects on the wellbeing of residents. The study recommends that there is need to review the regulatory setback distance and service provider should embrace co-location to avoid clustering. Also, there is the need for public awareness and sensitization on the dangers of residing close to a mast and further research should be carried out to unveil other factors affecting the residents close to mast location.

Bangkok is indeliberately one of the complex and complicated cities. One of the major causes is the very late coming of zoning regulation. If you live in Bangkok, you can see that the city has a lot of dead-end streets, the complications before you get to main public transportation, and so on. All of these are difficult ways of travelling and commuting. The complication is that today we still haven't or maybe couldn't quantitatively diagnose which part of the city has a good transportation quality, and which has not. The question arose: How can we determine the quality of neighbourhood transportation. And, what if we can, is it going to be easier for policymakers to shape a better city?

- by Taitawip Thirapongphaiboon
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- Spatial Analysis, Urban Planning, Creative City, City planning
- by Jorge Santos
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- Geoprocessamento, Geoprocessing, Geografia, SQL

The paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing project that combines historical cartographic and economic sources on Cyprus through the employment of geospatial analysis. The main sources are: the 1883 trigonometrical survey of the island by Horatio Herbert Kitchener; the 1572 fiscal survey and 1832/33 property survey by the Ottomans; and the 1931 British agricultural census. The Ottoman and British censuses, different though they are and separated by three and a half centuries, provide vital information on production, economic activity, population, and toponymy. The project correlates this data with the detailed recording of topographical, hydrological, and land use features of the Kitchener map, which constitutes an extremely close depiction of Ottoman conditions given that the transformation of the countryside witnessed during the British colonial period was not yet initiated. This allows the identification of certain constants in the Cypriot environment and landscape. The paper presents the interdisciplinary methodological challenges the project has encountered and proposes a framework for the combination of these different datasets and their analysis in order to better record and understand certain long-term patterns in the Cypriot economy, environment and landscape. It uses viticulture as a case study for the visualisation of data to determine the spatial distribution of vines in the historical long term. Finally, the paper situates its conclusions within broader historiographical discussions on the historical development of viticulture in the Mediterranean.

- by Antonis Hadjikyriacou and +1
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- Ottoman History, Cyprus Studies, History of Cartography, Ottoman Empire

Fundamentals of Spatial Modeling in a Geographic Information System.

India has unique problems in assessing environmental impacts due to its vastness, varying nature of terrain, climate, flora and fauna, agricultural practises and widely diversified culture. A number of methodologies exist for impact appraisal and assessment with varying levels of technical sophistication. During the last two decades, the applications of remote sensing in our country has shown tremendous progress in various diversified fields, which among others, include natural resources management, environmental monitoring and conservation. For pursuing impact assessment due to developmental projects, Geographic Information System (GIS) may also be used as a decision making tool along with remote sensing techniques. Keeping this in view, it is planned to develop a remote sensing and GIS based geospatial model for environmental impact assessment. Remote sensing coupled with GIS offers powerful and speedy tools for assessing and combating some of the urgent and large scale problems related to the environmental degradation in our country. It is expected that this geospatial model will serve the environmentalists and other academicians in a better way to assess the impact of major developmental projects on the environment.

- by RD Gupta
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- Remote Sensing, Spatial Modeling, EIA Studies, Geospatial Analysis
- by Monica Medel
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- Spatial Analysis, Latin American politics, Urban Planning, Computer Aided Design

Rapid developments in science and technology have driven utilization of Geographical Information Science (GIS) in various fields of Planning, Management, and exploitation of environmental resources and provision of social services. As information technology gains momentum, GIS uses information science infrastructure to address the problems of geography, cartography, geosciences locations and related branches of science and engineering; that is shortly referred to as Geo-informatics. Increased application of GIS calls for more demand of advanced Geo-informatics education worldwide. This study has established major challenges for the advancement of Geo-informatics education in Tanzania and any possible opportunities which can be utilized for the improvement of the same. Prominent challenges identified could be associated with lack of reliable power, internet connection, computer system and accessories and appropriate software. Other challenges were related to the nature of the school curriculum and insufficient knowledge and skills of the human resources. Opportunities identified involve available government plans for increasing power supply, increasing mobile phones networks, Tanzania ICT and education and training policy with a major aim of improving ICT education and the competency based school curriculum under implementation. But the government should further support directly or indirectly all efforts by various groups that participate in advancing Geo-informatics education in the country.

- by Neema Sumari and +1
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- Land-use planning, Image Classification, Geospatial Analysis, Geo information Science Earth Observations

The existence of wetlands in central Biqā‘ has been reported by various textual sources ranging between the Hellenistic and Medieval periods. Intensive large-scale drainage work operated by the Mamluks in the 14th century C.E. has led to an important loss of its expanse. The aim of the following study is to initially establish a new predictive model of these wetlands by cross-referencing the geographical data provided by textual sources with remote sensing surveys and geographic information system. The territorial landscape of the Biqā‘ in the Roman period will then be revisited and discussed at a second stage. These wetlands seem to have formed a buffer zone between the territory of the Roman colony of Berytus located in northern Biqā‘ and Sidon in the South.

- by Georges Abou Diwan and +1
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- History, Ancient History, Military History, Cultural History

Digitally-mediated practices of archaeological data require reflexive thinking about where archaeology stands as a discipline in regard to the ‘digital,’ and where we want to go. To move toward this goal, we advocate a historical approach that emphasizes contextual source-side criticism and data intimacy—scrutinizing maps and 3D data as we do artifacts by analyzing position, form, material and context of analog and digital sources. Applying this approach, we reflect on what we have learned from processes of digitally-mediated data. We ask: What can we learn as we convert analog data to digital data? And, how does digital data transformation impact the chain of archaeological practice? Primary, or raw data, are produced using various technologies ranging from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS), LiDAR, digital photography, and ground penetrating radar, to digitization, typically using a flat-bed scanner to transform analog data such as old field notes, photographs, or drawings into digital data. However, archaeologists not only collect primary data, we also make substantial time investments to create derived data such as maps, 3D models, or statistics via post-processing and analysis. While analog data is typically static, digital data is more dynamic, creating fundamental differences in digitally-mediated archaeological practice. To address some issues embedded in this process, we describe the lessons we have learned from translating analog to digital geospatial data—discussing what is lost and what is gained in translation, and then applying what we have learned to provide concrete insights to archaeological practice.

- by Heather Richards-Rissetto and +1
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- Cartography, Landscape Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Digital Archives

المستخلص: تتناول الورقة استخدام خوارزمية صلة جوار لتحليل المعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بمدن ولاية الخرطوم باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية، حيث تمثلت مشكلة الورقة في قلة الدراسات التي تربط بين مجالات تقانة المعلومات والتاريخ السوداني، وقلة المعلومات الخاصة بالمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بولاية الخرطوم، وعدم وجود تحليل جغرافي للمواقع الجغرافية التاريخية بدولة المهدية. كما تتمثل أهمية الورقة في توضيح أهمية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية ودورها في التحليل الجغرافي وتقييم للمعالم التاريخية لدولة المهدية. كما تتمثل أهداف الورقة في جمع وتصنيف المعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بولاية الخرطوم، بناء نموذج تحليل صلة الجوار الجغرافي للمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بولاية الخرطوم، تقييم نمط التوزيع الجغرافي للمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بولاية الخرطوم. سوف يتم استخدام المنهجية التحليلية الوصفية المتمثلة في التحليل والتصميم والتطبيق. توصلت الورقة الي العديد من النتائج من أهمها: بناء نموذج تحليل صلة الجوار للبيانات الجغرافية للمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بولاية الخرطوم، تقييم نمط التوزيع الجغرافي للمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بولاية الخرطوم. كما توصي الورقة الي العديد من التوصيات من أهمها: جمع وتصنيف المعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بالسودان، بناء نموذج التحليل المكاني للبيانات الجغرافية للمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بالسودان، تقييم واقع التوزيع الجغرافي للمعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بالسودان. ومن أهم التوصيات المستقبلية للورقة تحليل انماط التوزيع الجغرافي لجميع المعالم الجغرافية التاريخية لدولة المهدية بالسودان.

Many years, urbanisation research has largely focused the development of urban agglomerations and megacity regions, whereas less attention was paid on the development of medium-sized cities, small towns, villages, or rural areas. Yet many interrelations and spatial linkages between urban and rural areas exist. In this paper, we present a novel method called ‘TOPOI’ for the integrated analysis and description of settlement units in an urban–rural setting. The TOPOI-method enhances the understanding of the built environment by clustering and describing settlement units of similar characteristics with view to their physical form, function, and connectivity. The method is built on known planning parameters, but does not limit the analysis of settlement units to their administrative boundaries. Based on 11 indicators, 13 TOPOI-classes were identified in two exemplary study regions revealing new insights into urban–rural settlement types. This allows a better understanding of urban–rural linkages and therefore opens up new pathways for a more sustainable development.

- by Vanessa Miriam Carlow and +2
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- Settlement Patterns, Sustainable Rural Development, Sustainable Urban Development, Rural Urban Relations
- by Tarek Abou El Seoud
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- Urban, Geospatial Analysis

In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the morphometric characteristics of Didessa catchment which is part of Blue Nile River basin located in South Western part of
Ethiopia. The study focused on evaluating the effect of morphometric parameters on the hydrology and morphology of the basin. The primary data for this study was an elevation data in raster format (Digital Elevation Model or DEM) also known as ASTER DEM of 30m spatial resolution. Stream networks and watersheds were delineated in ArcGIS 10.1 software environment by utilizing ArcHydro and Spatial Analyst Tools. Based on the results of the software analysis, linear, areal, and relief aspects of the basin were computed. The result
indicates that Geo-spatial techniques and DEMs data are efficient for extracting stream networks and characterizing the morphology of watersheds as well as computing the various
indices of drainage basin morphometry. Hence, the results of this study provide useful inputs for watershed level planning and management.

Nel presente lavoro si mettono a confronto, attraverso un caso di studio locale, le librerie di diversi software proprietari, free e open source, nella trasformazione di coordinate dal sistema catastale a Gauss-Boaga. L' analisi si è basata sul confronto delle coordinate Gauss-Boaga riportate nelle monografie dei trigonometrici catastali e i risultati delle trasformazioni effettuate con le librerie prese in esame. Nello specifico sono stati scelti i trigonometrici catastali “rete IGM” e quelli di “dettaglio, della rete catastale”. In ultima analisi, si sono messe a confronto le coordinate Gauss-Boaga riportate in monografia catastale con quelle riportate in monografia IGM, per la stessa materializzazione. Scopo del lavoro, è stato di valutare la bontà delle trasformazioni effettuate e avere dei valori numerici che ci consentono di scegliere o scartare le librerie, per la zona in esame (Roma), nelle trasformazioni dei sistemi da Cassini-Soldner a Gauss-Boaga.

This thesis presents an exploratory approach to identify the most popular/attractive urban heritage areas with their temporal distribution. For this research, geotagged photographs from Flickr are used. 285.130 geotagged photos are harvested from Flickr and the most photographed locations are defined using a density-based algorithm (DBSCAN). A method is processed to define the most concentrated areas in Amsterdam. The temporal distribution of tourists and locals is analysed per POIs and per heritage types to define differences regarding time stamp. Clusters generated by DBSCAN are used to find heritage distribution by using geoprocessing tools in QGIS. The results from POI analysis and heritage analysis are evaluated by comparing promoted tourist map. Also, eating-drinking points and tram-metro stops from Amsterdam City Data are processed to investigate the relation between urban facilities and the most attractive/popular urban heritage areas. It is concluded that newly available datasets are useful sources to investigate spatio-temporal pattern of tourists and locals in the urban heritage areas. It provides a better understanding of distribution of people in time and space.