Ethnomethodology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This paper aims to develop a new understanding of normativity based upon the priority of the ordinary. By relying upon diverse sociological and philosophical traditions, the paper seeks to emphasize the ordinary tacit assumptions which provide the basic structure of our experience of the world and its normative features. The general argument is that, whereas sociological traditions of social interactionism shed new light upon the “empirical fact of normativity”, ordinary language philosophy and pragmatism offer a theoretical account of normativity which is consistent with the picture of normativity which emerges out of these empirical descriptions. The paper synthesizes the main achievements of these traditions into a unified account of normativity.

- by Roberto Frega
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- Pragmatism, Ethnomethodology, Normativity, John Dewey

L’article propose une revue de littérature des travaux français qui se sont intéressés aux usages des technologies de la communication dans une perspective ethnométhodologique et conversationnelle. La première partie, théorique et historique, décrit la structuration de ce champ de recherche en France en retraçant ses ancrages épistémologiques, méthodologiques et institutionnels. La deuxième partie rend compte des travaux réalisés sur les trois principaux terrains d’enquête: la vidéocommunication, les interactions sur téléphone mobile et sur les plateformes conversationnelles d’internet. L’article met en évidence les apports de l’ethnométhodologie à la sociologie des usages, de la communication et des technologies, à travers notamment le traitement original des notions d’usage, de pratique et de contexte qu’elle rend possible.

- by Julia Velkovska
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- Sociology, Internet Studies, Ethnomethodology, Videoconferencing
- by Chris Brickell
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- Judith Butler, Ethnomethodology, Erving Goffman, Gender Performance

Whalen, M. ; Whalen, J. ; Moore, R. J. ; Raymond, G. T. ; Szymanski, M. H. ; Vinkhuyzen, E. Studying workscapes through a natural observational discipline. Georgetown University Round Table Proceedings; 2002 October 15; Washington; DC.

- by Robert J . Moore and +1
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- Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology

Small group project work often requires students to meet outside of class. It is important that these meetings be efficacious, as the resulting projects typically figure into students' grades. The challenge is that, unlike in more formal meetings, there is typically no designated institutional authority to manage their work together. In peer meetings students have equal participatory rights; thus, formulating understandings and managing conflict can be especially delicate matters to accomplish. In this single case analysis of a small group project meeting, we examine the shifting role of a document in resolving conflict that threatens the group's work. The analysis shows how, over the course of the meeting, a personal document created during the meeting subsequently becomes oriented to by the participants as an official formulation of their decisions and an authoritative directive to complete their tasks. This shift in orientation to the document allows a way out of the conflict and the meeting to come to a successful conclusion. In addition to providing data on conflict resolution in meetings without an official leader, the finding on the changing role of a document adds to understandings of how actions are accomplished through the construction and manipulation of objects.

- by Joan Kelly Hall and +1
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- Conversation Analysis, Meetings, Ethnomethodology, Small Groups

Doing the ethnomethodology of a French TV news, this article aims to highlight some of the typical features of news story, and the way that one mobilizes sex categories for broadcasting. Taking into account the discursive components provided by the audiovisual text (talk, picture, caption and sound), I look at first into the means displayed for producing the facticitiy, the reality, the "publicity" (Habermas) and the "newsworthiness" of the event which is reported. Afterwards, in relation to the representation of a "doing gender" which ends the "recognition-type description" of the main protagonist of the story, I focus on the issue of the televisual accomplishment of an identity which is both professional and sexual. Actually, I will show that that character is not an authentic stockbreeder as far as it is a woman too. Raising that point, I will bring finally some clarifications concerning the analysis of sex categories, the question of their saliency in interaction more particularly.

- by Fabienne Malbois
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- Ethnomethodology, Télévision

Despite the growing sociological interest in the object, and the longstanding tradition in the humanities and social sciences with the creation of art and artefacts, there is relatively little research concerned with how people in ordinary day to day circumstances explore and respond to exhibits in museums and galleries. In this paper, we address the conduct and interaction of visitors to museums and galleries and consider how they examine and experience objects and artefacts in collaboration with each other. In particular, we address the ways in which one participant shapes, through gesture and talk, how those they are with look at and respond to exhibits.

- by Kirsten Ryvers
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- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Visual Sociology, Art Theory

Participant observation is employed in any academic discipline or professional field requiring in-depth studies of everyday life. The article describes the key processes of undertaking participant observation involving joining members of a social group, learning how to participate, and undertake fieldwork. Methodological issues such as validity, generalisation and representations are discussed in relation to the collection and analysis of data. Participant observation whether open or covert is seen to involve a continuous reflection on ethical issues and contributes to the inclusion of the voices of those who are marginalised or rendered invisible in public debates.

- by John Schostak
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- Discourse Analysis, Gender Studies, Cultural Sociology, Action Research

Available Online August 2014 Coffeehouses have a long history as not only spaces of and for consumption, but also as social settings that facilitate and encourage public sociality even in an epoch in which such spaces for sociability are alleged to be fading away. This paper comprises a study of coffeehouses with analytic perspectives and priorities that are very different from past research on this social form. The empirical focus here is on socalled "third wave" coffeehouses, which view coffee as an artisanal product and which deploy, among other resources, high-end equipment in their beverage creation. This equipment is itself an additional empirical focus, and the ways in which traditional face-to-face sociability and, in particular, interaction between customers and employees is facilitated by those machines is considered here. The theoretical perspective used here is ethno methodological and as such a central concern with describing lived experience at these venues is accomplished by considering photographic evidence of machines and people in situ to see how machines, people, spaces and comestibles interact in these cafes.

- by John Manzo
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- Ethnomethodology, Space, Arts and Humanities

In order to study collaborative information behaviour (e.g. information search, creation, and sharing) in the work environment, it is important that we take into consideration its embedded nature in collaborative work, however not many studies have actually taken this into consideration. In conducting fieldwork, we studied group task management in the work of IT product hardware designers. The study shows how understanding the details of information activities embedded in task management allowed us to generate some ideas for transforming task management into a more collaborative activity, and for reembedding task management more thoroughly into their work practices together with the practitioners. The paper discusses how taking an ethnomethodological approach can be fruitful for researchers who want to gain a close understanding of actual collaborative information activities and their embedded nature in work, and how understandings of this kind can be important for developing ideas ...

- by Nozomi Ikeya
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- Ethnography, Information Behavior, Workplace Studies, Ethnomethodology

This paper aims to describe the asymmetric interactions between lawyers and lay people in courtrooms, The hearings are an interesting environment where we can observe these interactions between experts and lay people. The research is based on the 20 hearings of the "Juges de Proximité" in courtrooms in southern France counting over sixty hours of observation in five different courts. The "Juges de Proximité" were created in 20030 They are non-professional judges who have the law graduation, They treat small civil claims and the misdemeanors. The main goal is to provide a thick description of these interactions for analyze with the ethnomethodological
point of view. As a result, I could describe a reflexive activity between lawyers and lay people. In one hand, the lawyers explain the law in ordinary language while the lay people make a struggle to understand the legal assessments for practical purposes. This activity is possible due to the capacity of creating cognitive tools using contextual accounts. Finally, the court hearings work allows observing how the law is accomplished with the cognitive tools which are developed by the interactions of lawyers and lay people.

REVISTA DIREITO GV, SÃO PAULO 9(2) | P. 635-658 | JUL-DEZ 2013 18 635 : RESUMO

- by Pedro Heitor Barros Geraldo
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- Sociology of Law, Ethnomethodology, Court Studies

Coffee is an important commodity and an important comestible, one that is momentous not only for nations' economies but also, at the micro-social level, as a resource for interpersonal sociability. Among a subculture of certain coffee connoisseurs, the coffee itself is a topic that is an organizing focus of, and for, that sociability. This paper is an empirical investigation of online narratives produced by hobbyist participants in what coffee aficionados refer to as the ''third wave'' coffee phenomenon and engages and challenges extant perspectives social aspects of ''taste'' by inspecting members' insights concerning their conceptions of taste and their participation in a subculture that comprises taste as an important, central defining aspect. The analytic point of view deployed in this paper is ethnomethodological, one that, instead of emphasizing a priori the social structural characteristics of these connoisseurs as do Bourdieu (In: Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, tr. Richard Nice, Routledge, New York 1984) and those who work in his tradition, emphasizes discovery of members' own displayed understandings of the topic at hand. As such, this paper is more than an investigation of the ''coffee geek'' subculture but is also an invitation to an ethnomethodologicallyinformed sociology of ''taste.''

- by John Manzo
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- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Philosophy, Ethnomethodology

University students seek counseling to discuss concerns about their academic skills, motivation, time management, and well-being. This article examines the conversational activity of normalizing currently used by counselors to manage students’ negative emotions and troubles-telling. Normalizing refers to an activity in which something in the interaction is made normal by labeling it “normal” or “commonplace” or by interpreting it in an ordinary way. Three uses for normalizing were identified in a sample of 16 videotaped counseling sessions: 1) supporting the student’s position, 2) challenging the student, and 3) presenting the student’s problem as workable. We argue that normalizing is a means of addressing students’ problematic emotions and offering support, yet in a way that maintains an orientation toward problem solving. Furthermore, while normalizing seems to serve affiliation, suggesting that the problems are not unique, it can be treated as either delicate or as problematic by the counselors and by the students.

- by Liisa Voutilainen and +1
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- Higher Education, Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology, Counseling

This paper analyses how a Big Issue vendor approached passers-by and how they responded, how recognizable courses of social and economic activity were interactionally produced from initiation through to some conclusion. The paper recovers how the vendor's work was contextually embedded in the urban landscape, how it was constrained by, and actively shaped, the social order of the street. Drawing on video-audio recordings the paper contributes to a growing body of ethnographic and ethnomethodological research which has emphasized the embodied, contingent and interactional character of economic activity. By examining such materials, the paper is well positioned to describe how the vendor found his market on the street, social interventions that propelled passers-by into buying behaviour. The paper sheds light on now familiar encounters which occur millions of times each week in the UK and beyond.

- by Robin Burrow
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- Sociology, Ethnomethodology, British Sociology, Social Order

In this article we present an ethnomethodological study of a controversial case of ‘friendly fire’ from the Iraq War in which leaked video footage, war on video, acquired particular significance. We examine testimony given during a United States Air Force (USAF) investigation of the incident alongside transcribed excerpts from the video to make visible the methods employed by the investigators to assess the propriety of the actions of the pilots involved. With a focus on the way in which the USAF investigators pursued their own analysis of language-in-use in their discussions with the pilots about what had been captured on the video, we turn attention to the background expectancies that analytical work was grounded in. These ‘vernacular’ forms of video analysis and the expectancies which inform them constitute, we suggest, an inquiry into military culture from within that culture. As such, attending to them provides insights into that culture.

- by Chris Elsey
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- History, Cultural Sociology, Conversation Analysis, Social and Cultural Anthropology

The design of Internet Relay Chat (IRC) affords for, and itself produces, non-response situations that are not possible in FTF or telephone interaction. These system-occasioned non-responses produce almost isomorphic stimuli to participant non-responses. Situations thus arise in which non-responses are interpersonally accountable despite agentive ambiguity. This study explores four intersections of participant-action and system-occasioned non-responses. An extension to Pomerantz's (1984b) 'pursuing a response' problems/solutions is proposed. The impact of IRC's design on its popularity is discussed in contrast to more recent chat systems. Suggestions are made for active and passive presence and non-response accounting features in future chat systems.

Considerable theoretical and empirical inquiry has focused on the role codes for violence play in generating crime. A large part of this work has examined the attitudes and codes condoning retaliation and violence as well as the prevalence of these among minorities residing in impoverished neighborhoods. Much about the nature of codes remains unknown, however, and this may in part reflect a narrow interest in beliefs about provocation and uses of violence among the inner-city poor. In this study, we elaborate on a code of violence as part of a system of order and honor as articulated by a network of White, working-class males in a southern U.S. city who participate in bar fights. The findings suggest that the code these men use prohibits predatory violence, puts exclusive limitations on situations that warrant violence, and constrains the level of violence in a fight. We detail the contours of this code (e.g., purpose of fighting, the rules of honorable fighting, and justifications for violating these rules) and discuss the code as both a cause and a consequence of behavior. * We thank Mark Berg and Alex Piquero for their comments on earlier drafts. Direct correspondence to

- by Heith Copes
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- Criminology, Philosophy, Applied Ethics, Ethnomethodology

This paper claims that situated normativity is part of the task constraints which affect the dynamic process of decision making. Situated normativity is mainly defined by behavioural modes and levels of expertise, expressed in and as ethnomethods.
12 Krav Maga participants (five novices, five intermediates, two
experts) were distributed into two experimental groups. Each group underwent a different experimental breaching condition: G1 faced a boxer that performed a judo
attack (Morote Dori); G2 faced a judoka that performed a boxing attack (Jab). Results showed that every participant, irrelevant of their level of expertise, was surprised by the attack in T1. During T2, expectancies of the previous trial acted as a
task constraint that affected participants in different ways. As a general trend, novices were still surprised but experts and intermediates were not. The detailed comparison of two case studies suggested that adaptability was only possible for
experts, not novices.

- by Álvaro Villarroya-Gil and +2
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- Sport Psychology, Ethnomethodology, Normativity, Affordances

It forms part of a project involving partners at the university and in Swedish emergency service centres. The focus in this project was on the possibility of developing new technology for use in these centres. One vision for the new technology is to support distribution of calls and handling of cases across several centres. Historically the work has been conducted in a number of different centres, where responsibilities are thus primarily geographically localised and where, as a result, practices in the different centres may be distinctively local. The study has focused on features of work familiar to the CSCW community, including documenting and analysing current work practices, understanding the properties of the technology in question, and perhaps most importantly how the technology functions in use. Our focus in this paper exemplifies these themes through the analysis of three cases. In the first, the issue in question is the way in which an emergency is identified and dealt with, it being the case that a typical problem to be dealt with by operators, and more commonly in the days of mobile telephony, is that of multiple reporting of a single case. Of particular interest here is the phenomenon of listening-in, which is a function in the Computer Aided Dispatch system and by contrast that of 'overhearing', which is not. The second and third cases focus on the relevance of large paper maps, given the existence of computerized maps in these centres. Based on our own analysis and on work done by others in similar contexts, we develop an argument for a sense of organizational relevance that hopefully integrates existing analytic interests in emergency service work.

Focusing on video recordings of coaching sessions in the context of basketball and powerlifting, this paper investigates how the sports coaching process unfolds as situated interactions. The work of sports coaching is pervasively oriented toward teaching athletes the correct forms of motion and play. Correction then is one of the central constitutive practices of sports training sessions. In this paper, we draw on a collection of instances of correction demonstrations from powerlifting and basketball to describe their order. We demonstrate the three phases of these demonstrations: arranging bodies and gaze for visual access, presenting the error visually, and proposing a correction with an embodied demonstration. Findings underscore the management of shared visual access in multi-party correction demonstrations. In demonstrating how multiple bodies may be involved in embodied reenactments of a cor-rectable problem, and demonstrating that it is seeing an error, more than reenactment per se, that is necessary for correction activities, the study extends existing understandings both of sports coaching processes and of instructional correction in embodied activities.

- by Edward Reynolds and +1
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- Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology, Powerlifting, Basketball
- by John Flood
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- Discourse Analysis, Sociology, Law, Criminal Law

Der Vortrag entwirft eine Soziologie der Kapazitäten inklusive zentraler Konzepte: Vollzugs-, Bezugs- und existentielle Probleme; ausgestattete und eingestellte Apparate der Problembearbeitung; Operationalisierung der Problemarbeit qua... more

- by Thomas Scheffer
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- Research Methodology, Praxis, Ethnomethodology, Soziologie

L'anthropologie culturelle de facture interprétativiste a fait place à une variété d'approches: réaliste et critique (le droit doit être cherché au-delà de son apparence formelle), pluraliste (l'expression du droit ne se réduit pas au... more

- by Irene Lizzola
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- Sociology of Law, Critical Realism, Legal Pluralism, Ethnomethodology
- by Peter Bengtsen
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- Critical Theory, History, Cultural History, Sociology
- by Yu-cheng Liu
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- Democratization, Complexity, Social Systems Theory, Ethnomethodology
- by Philippe Gonzalez
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- Ethnography, Writing, Ethnomethodology, Categorization
- by Larissa Schindler
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- Tacit Knowledge, Ethnography, Sociology of Knowledge, Ethnomethodology

Play as a learning practice increasingly is under challenge as a valued component of early childhood education. Views held in parallel include confirmation of the place of play in early childhood education and, at the same time, a denigration of the role of play in favor for more teacher-structured and formal activities. As a consequence, pedagogical approaches towards play, the curriculum activities that constitute play, and the appropriateness of play in educational settings, have come under scrutiny in recent years. In this context, this study investigates children's perspectives of play and how they understand the role of play and learning in their everyday activities. This article reports on an Australian study where teacher-researchers investigated child-led insights into what counts as play in their everyday classroom activities. Children (aged 3–4 years) described play as an activity that involved their active participation in " doing " something, being with peers, and having agency and ownership of ideas. Children did not always characterize their activities as " play " , and not all activities in the preschool program were described as OPEN ACCESS Educ. Sci. 2015, 5 346 play. The article highlights that play and learning are complex concepts that may be easily dismissed as separate, when rather they are deeply intertwined. The findings of this study generate opportunities for educators and academics to consider what counts as " play " for children, and to prompt further consideration of the role of play as an antidote to adult centric views of play.

- by Maryanne Theobald and +2
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- Ethnography, Early Childhood Education, Ethnomethodology, Interviewing
- by Chiara Bassetti
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- Performing Arts, Performance Studies, Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology

This paper explores the potential of tangible and embodied interaction for encouraging a multisensory engagement with museum objects and artefacts on display, by means of focusing on the subtleties of devising and planning for evaluation and audience research. Measuring the impact of new technologies is one of the main challenges identified in the 2015 NMC Horizon report (Museum Edition). The challenge is even greater for emerging concepts, technologies, and approaches, such as the use of tangible and embodied interaction in museums and other Cultural Heritage settings. Taking as an example two case-studies from the EU meSch project, from Museon and Allard Pierson Museum in the Netherlands, we discuss our plan for devising and carrying out audience research so as to " document, " analyse, and interpret the impact of digitally enhanced, tangible, embodied, and multisensory museum visiting experiences. Our intention is to provide an honest account of the different strengths and weaknesses encountered for all evaluation methodologies that were used, namely observations, interviews, video data, questionnaires, meaning maps, and post-visit interviews. We also share and discuss lessons learned, insights and best practices that could be of benefit for museum and audience research professionals.

- by Areti Damala and +2
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- Museum learning, Museum Studies, Digital Curation, Visitor studies
- by Will Gibson
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- Sociology, Optometry, Conversation Analysis, Organization Studies
- by Joerg Bergmann
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- Discourse Analysis, Ethnography, Mixed Methods, Qualitative Methods

In this paper, we explore an interaction between a competitive "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" player and her younger brother, whom she is tutoring in his first match in competitive mode. At least two phenomena, intertwined with each other, are prominent in this data excerpt. One is the boy's consistent orientation to his sister's instructions, accountable and observable through the work of following them. The other one deals with the intricacies and overlaps of Lebenswelt (life-world) and Spielwelt (game-world) time and how these apparently different temporalities constitute a temporal whole. Analysis suggests that communication in this instructional setting is grounded in gestalt-contextures that embrace multiple embodied forms of interaction such as talk, gesture, gaze, as well as in-game elements (such as rules to follow and goals to achieve), and how important is the re-specification of those elements as a set, not as a mere sum of individual pieces. Moreover, it is discussed how, while in a gameplay context, players use their common-sense reasoning and practices to elaborate strategies and develop skills necessary to successfully reach their goals.

- by Ricardo Moutinho and +1
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- Game studies, Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology, Phenonenology

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique au Musée national d’art moderne, cet article explore les enjeux de la documentation des collections : chaque œuvre possède en effet son dossier, où sont consignées toutes les informations qui concernent sa carrière au sein du musée. J’examine plus particulièrement le traitement de sa partie dite confidentielle, qui cristallise un certain nombre d’enjeux relatifs à la circulation du savoir sur les œuvres. En croisant analyse de contenu et observation des contextes d’usage des dossiers, j’étudie trois exemples de données confidentielles pour rendre compte de leur signification située. Mon étude montre comment le dossier offre une mise en perspective originale des œuvres, en manifestant leur attachement à l’institution et aux personnes qui s’en occupent.

- by Yaël Kreplak
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- Museum Studies, Documentation, Contemporary Art, Ethnomethodology

Four stars in the night sky have been formally recognised by their Australian Aboriginal names. The names include three from the Wardaman people of the Northern Territory and one from the Boorong people of western Victoria. The Wardaman star names are Larawag, Wurren and Ginan in the Western constellations Scorpius, Phoenix and Crux (the Southern Cross). The Boorong star name is Unurgunite in Canis Majoris (the Great Dog). They are among 86 new star names drawn from Chinese, Coptic, Hindu, Mayan, Polynesian, South African, and Aboriginal Australian cultures.

- by Duane Hamacher
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- History, Ancient History, Cultural History, Ethnohistory

Mit dem Begriff " Ethnomethodologie " ist nicht etwa eine Methodologie wissenschaft-lichen Forschens bezeichnet, sondern ein spezifisches Forschungsinteresse an den " Me-thoden " der Teilnehmer. Die dem ethnomethodologischen Ansatz zugrunde liegende Idee ist einfach: Wenn unsere Alltagswelt einen sinnvollen, strukturierten und geord-neten Charakter hat und wenn dies durch kontinuierliche Arbeit der Teilnehmer der Alltagswelt erreicht wird, dann muss es dafür bestimmte Methoden geben. Diese Me-thoden stehen im Fokus ethnomethodologischer Studien. Die Ethnomethodologie stellt also einen Untersuchungsansatz dar, der die klassische soziologische Frage, wie soziale Ordnung möglich ist, so stellt, dass man sich dem alltäglichen Handeln der Mitglieder einer Gesellschaft zuwendet, in dessen Vollzug die sinnhafte Ordnung erst herge-stellt wird. Die Ethnomethodologie als einen speziellen soziologischen Ansatz zu betrachten, wie es in diesem Beitrag im Wesentlichen geschieht, entspricht allerdings nicht ihrem Selbstverständnis. Sie selbst versteht sich eher als eine radikale Alternative zur (her-kömmlichen) Soziologie, zu der sie sich letztlich in einem " asymmetrischen und in-kommensurablen " Verhältnis sieht (vgl. Garfinkel/Wieder 1992; auch Garfinkel 1988 und 2002). Darüber hinaus entziehen sich Ethnomethodologen selbst in der Regel einer theoretischen Rede über Ethnomethodologie und empfehlen stattdessen, den Zugang zur ethnomethodologischen Vorgehensweise über konkrete Fallstudien zu suchen. Der folgende Versuch einer Überblicksdarstellung ist also notwendigerweise beschränkt und selektiv und bedarf auf jeden Fall der Ergänzung durch die unmittelbare Auseinan-dersetzung mit empirischen ethnomethodologischen Arbeiten. Schließlich erwachsen auch aus der spezifischen Begrifflichkeit der Ethnomethodologie gewisse Schwierig-keiten für eine einführende Darstellung, insbesondere insofern die meisten dieser Be-griffe nur in englischer Sprache vorliegen. Auch grundlegende ethnomethodologische Arbeiten (z. B. Garfinkel 1967; Sacks 1992) liegen bis heute nicht in deutscher Überset-zung vor und in der deutschsprachigen Bildungsforschung ist der ethnomethodologi-sche Ansatz kaum aufgegriffen worden.

- by Tanya Tyagunova
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- Sociology, Sociology of Education, Ethnography, Conversation Analysis

Firstly, the Roman Catholic «prehistory» of contact between the Panoan groups of Bolivian Amazonia and Jesuit, Franciscan and lay clergy missionaries is described. The paper then analyses the continuity of the evangelization process by diverse evangelical denominations, describing three missionary experiences with the Chacobo since 1955 to the present day. Finally, general insights are proposed relating the anthropological problem of religious conversion.

- by Diego Villar
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- Religion, Christianity, Comparative Religion, Ethnohistory

- by John Manzo
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- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Philosophy, Ethnomethodology
- by Eric Hauser
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- Conversation Analysis, Ethnomethodology