Goat nutrition Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Sorghum variety Super Dan was planted and irrigated with water containing three different
concentrations of salt: 3, 6 and 9 dS/m. The sorghum fodder was termed low salinity
sorghum (LSS), medium salinity sorghum (MSS) and high salinity sorghum (HSS). The
sorghum was manually harvested, dried and chopped before feeding. Thirty-two, 3-monthold
Omani male lambs were randomly distributed into four groups of eight lambs each. The
first group was fed a control diet of Rhodes grass hay (RGH) plus a commercial concentrate.
The other groups were given one of three sorghum hays irrigated with water containing
one of the three different concentrations of salt plus the commercial concentrate. Daily feed
intakes and weekly BW were determined throughout the experimental period of 11 weeks
of which the first two were regarded as an adaptation period. A digestibility trial was carried
out using 12 animals (3 sheep per diet) consisting of 10 days of adaptation and a subsequent
10 days collection period for faeces and urine. Blood samples were drawn three times during
the experiment and analyzed for haematological and serum biochemistry levels. At the
end of the trial the animals were slaughtered. The RGH had higher mineral content than
sorghum forage grown under various levels of salinity. Animals fed sorghum-based diets
did not show any signs of ill health. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients
of acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and ether extract between RGH, LSS,
MSS and HSS diets. However, the LS diet had lower DM, Ca, CP, P and energy digestibilities
but higher ash digestibility. There were no treatment effects on hay, concentrate or total
feed intake; total body weight gain or gain per kg/body weight of experimental animals.
Sheep fed the RGH, LSS, MSS and HSS diets had average daily body weight gains of 96, 84,
82 and 68 g/day, respectively. There was no diets effect on rumen condition except that
RGH-fed animals had lower N-ammonia and butyric acid concentration. This study indicated
that sorghum forage grown under high salinity levels may be used for feeding Omani
sheep without adverse effects on health or performance.

- by and +1
- •
- Environmental Sustainability, Animal Nutrition, Goat nutrition

RESUMEN Se evaluó las potencialidades de los residuos de corteza de Aloe vera para la obtención de suplementos nutriciona-les caprinos. Mediante la caracterización físico-química se determinó que contiene: humedad 2,76 % ± 0,12; pH 4,45 ± 0,10; proteína cruda 4,37 % ± 0,13; extracto etéreo 2,15 % ± 3,06; fibra cruda 16,94 % ± 0,52; celulosa 19,76 % ± 0,20; lignina 9,68 % ± 0,30; hemicelulosa 12,45 % ± 0,39 y cenizas totales en 13,68 %± 1,62. Estos resultados son comparables con los obtenidos al utilizar bagazo de caña, banano, naranja y algas en la obtención de suplementos alimenticios para animales. ABSTRACT The potential of Aloe vera bark residue was assessed for caprine nutrition supplement. Physical and chemical characterization resulted in humidity, 2.76 % ± 0.12; pH 4.45 ± 0.10; raw protein 4.37 % ± 0.13; ethereal extract 2.15 % ± 3.06; raw fiber 16.94 % ± 0.52; cellulose 19.76 % ± 0.20; lignin 9.68 % ± 0.30; hemicellulose 12.45 % ± 0.39 and total ash, 13.68 %± 1.62. These results are comparable to results achieved with sugar cane bagasse, banana, orange and algae, to produce animal nutritional supplements.

- by Revista de Producción Animal and +1
- •
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition, Goat nutrition
- by Yüksel BOZOĞLU
- •
- Forestry, Agriculture, Goats, Goat nutrition
- by Muthi Rahmah
- •
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Ruminant Nutrition, Nutrition, Public Health Nutrition

High content of condensed tannins (CT) in diet affect the growth and quality of the goat meat. This ef- fect can be negated by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three doses of PEG (0, 10 and 20 g/day/kid) were administered... more

- by Arakrak Abdelhay
- •
- Goat nutrition

Diets containing high levels of condensed tannins (CT) can alter the production and quality of goat milk. This effect can be negated by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three doses of PEG (0, 20 and 40 g/day/goat) were... more

- by Arakrak Abdelhay
- •
- Goat nutrition

Berbagai kelebihan dan fungsi ternak kambing yang memiliki nilai tambah merupakan peluang bagi peternak, pemerintah dan swasta untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan populasi ternak kambing dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan petani peternak.
Sumber daya alam, sumber daya manusia, teknologi dan kelembagaan merupakan faktor penggerak dalam pembangunan pertanian. Potensi lahan untuk pengembangan peternakan kambing (ruminansia) di Kalimantan Barat adalah seluas 4.928.306 ha atau sebesar 33,57 % dari luas wilayah. Selain jenis pakan hijauan alam, Propinsi Kalimantan Barat memiliki keunggulan komparatif sumber pakan alami seperti dari hasil samping produk pertanian, perkebunan, perikanan dan industri pengolahan. Hanya 0,018 % potensi lahan per hektar yang telah dimanfaatkan untuk mengembangkan peternakan kambing di Kalimantan Barat.
Dengan aplikasi perbaikan teknologi dapat meningkatkan produktivitas induk sebesar 71 % dan memberikan pertambahan bobot badan harian minimal sebesar 112,5 % dari teknik budidaya yang dilakukan petani. Sinergisme antar sub sistem agribisnis sangat mentukan kecepatan pengembangan ternak kambing di Kalimantan Barat. Besarnya potensi yang dimiliki Kalimantan Barat tidak akan memberi arti tanpa perencanaan, strategi dan aplikasi langkah tindak lanjut pada tingkat operasional.

- by Salleh Sheikh Ibrahim
- •
- Goats, Goat nutrition, Sheep and Goat Production

INSTRUCTIONS:
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- by Mohamed Rauf Mohamed Aathiq
- •
- Goat nutrition
- by Dr. Özlem Demren
- •
- Mythology And Folklore, Folklore, Textiles, Turkish and Middle East Studies
- by hazirah halim
- •
- Agriculture, Goat nutrition, Sheep and Goat Production
- by Hani El-Zaiat and +1
- •
- Animal feeding and nutrition, Milk production, Rumen Fermentation, Goat nutrition

The present study evaluated the effects of essential oil (EO) from anise (AO), clove (CO) and thyme (TO) on the performance of lactating Shame goats. Eight lactating Shame goats with average body weight 34.90 ± 0.9 kg and 3 years old were randomly assigned to four treatments in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, with four periods of 22 days. In each period, the goats were adapted to the treatments for 15 days and the remaining 7 days was used for sample collection. Goats were fed a basal diet without supplementation (control) or supplemented with anise (AO), thyme (TO) or clove (CO) at a daily dose of 2 mL/head/d. Feed intake was not affected by EO supplementations. Digestibility of organic matter, ether extract and acid detergent fibre was higher (P < 0.05) with EO supplementations when compared with the control. Supplementations of EO had no effect on milk (g/d) yield, protein and lactose, as well as the composition (g/kg) of protein and lactose. Fat yield (g/d) and fat content (g/kg) were greater (P < 0.05) in EO supplemented goats versus those on the control diet. Compared with control, ruminal ammonia-N was not affected whereas, ruminal pH was increased (P = 0.02) with EO supplementations. Rumen total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of acetate (C2) were higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed CO and TO compared to control, whereas propionate (C3) and butyrate (C4) and C2:C3 proportions were unchanged with EO inclusion. With the exception of a decrease (P = 0.05) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) with EO supplementations, other blood parameters were not affected. Milk C8 and C12 fatty acids (FA) were lower (P < 0.05) with EO supplementations compared with control. Composition of unsaturated and monounsaturated FA was higher (P < 0.05) and polyunsaturated FA was decreased (P < 0.05) with EO supplementations compared with control. Proportions of C18:1 n-9 C18:3 n-3 and n-3 FA were increased (P < 0.05) and proportions of C18:3 n-6 C20:4 n-6 and n-6 FA were decreased (P < 0.05) in goats fed EO compared to the control group. Overall, all three EOs tested in this study had beneficial effects on digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and milk composition including milk FA

- by Ibrahim khattab
- •
- Essential oils, Omega-3 fatty acids, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation

Amalan Pemakanan Sunnah Budaya Hidup Sihat. Dapatkan Susu Kambing di Terengganu. Produk Tenusu Halal menjadi Minuman Kesihatan Pilihan Rakyat Malaysia. Amalan Hidup Sihat menjamin Keluarga Bahagia. Minuman Susu Kambing Suffy Kualiti... more

- by Hootoh Tudia
- •
- Food and Nutrition, Health, Beauty, Goat nutrition
- by Hani El-Zaiat and +1
- •
- Animal feeding and nutrition, Ruminant nutrition and Dairy science, Milk production, Goat nutrition

Biochemical and histological approaches were used to study the metabolic adaptations of transition dairy goats to dietary supplementation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Twenty-three Alpine dairy goats were divided into three groups and fed a basal pre-kidding and lactation diet (C) or the same diet supplemented with fish oil (FO) or stearic acid (ST) starting 1 week before kidding until 21 days in milk (DIM). No differences were observed in milk production and composition. However, the serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) concentrations were changed over time by the treatments. The mean adipocyte area, measured on a subset of 12 goats, which included four subjects from each experimental group, decreased constantly in the C and ST groups from −7 to 21 days, while the FO group did not change between days 7 to 21. These results support the idea that FO is able to limit lipolysis, although the energy balance is still negative. No inflammatory processes were observed in the liver in accordance with the blood leukocytes trend, even if moderate to severe fatty changes in the liver were observed in the experimental goats. In the FO group, however, fatty infiltration appeared more severe and it occurred more gradually compared with the other diets. Overall, these results suggest an interesting ability of dietary lipid supplements to affect the fat mobilizing machinery; FO in particular seems able to reduce/delay fat mobilization and could improve hepatocyte adaptation to fatty infiltration, allowing the cells to better maintain their function.

- by Laura F Pisani
- •
- Adipose tissue, Goats, Goat nutrition

HP 0857-3222-1923 - Susu Kambing, Susu Kambing bubuk, susu kambing dan manfaatnya, susu kambing etawa, susu kambing ibu hamil, susu kambing ibu menyusui, susu kambing manfaat, susu kambing obat asma, susu kambing obat maag, susu kambing... more

- by Yudha Jazuke
- •
- Milk production, Healthy Energy Drinks, Goat nutrition

Capri Pox Virus (Ca PV) is the causative agent of important diseases in sheep and goat with severe socio-economic impact. Sheep Poxvirus (SPPV), Goat Poxvirus (GTPV) and Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) are three members of the Capripox virus genus of Poxviridae family, which infect sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. A rapid diagnostic assay for Ca PV by using conventional PCR RNA polymerase gene RP030 and real-time qPCR would be useful for disease surveillance, detection and differentiation of Ca PV in clinical and subclinical samples for management and treatments of outbreaks. The present study aimed to detect and identify Ca PV (SPPV and GTPV) in natural, infected scabs biopsy samples, which were collected from sheep and goats in different governorates in 2017 during outbreaks in Egypt using the conventional PCR RNA polymerase gene RP030 gene based and Real-Time qPCR fluorescent based. We collected eighty scabs from clinically affected animals (54 sheep and 26 goat) that were vaccinated in Chorio-Allantoic-Membranes (CAM) from 10-days-old embryonated-chicken eggs. The positive CAM showed pock lesions, which were observed with a thickening of the membrane after 2-3 passages post samples inoculation, and harvested positive CAMs, which were determined by Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) , Counter Immune Electrophoresis (CIE), and conventional PCR and real time qPCR were examined for the presences of Ca PVs. DNA extraction from clinical samples and positive CAM with pox lesions using DNA slandered references extraction kits compared to novel modification method (Microwave extraction). The PCR based RPO30 gene and the real-time qPCR showed 15 positive with percentage 27.77% in 54 sheep and 3 positive with percentage 12.5% in 26 goats. Although, AGPT and CIE gave lower result than molecular methods, they gave 11 and 13 positive samples from 54 sheep and in goats were 1 and 2 from 26 scab biopsy samples respectively, however they are useful for early confirmation of positive Ca PVs in low-income countries. PCR based RNA polymerase gene RP030 gene and real-time-PCR considered sensitive, rapid, and reliable methods for differentiating SPPV and GTPV from AGPT and CIE in CAM or in clinical samples without further isolation and propagation in embryonated-chicken eggs. The novel microwave method used to isolate high quality of DNA extracted from infected skin biopsy with SPPV and GPPV with no further purification steps required. It was done in 3 minutes only. The results of the current study confirmed that the suitability of the PCR-based RNA polymerase gene RP030 gene is suitable for differentiating between SPPV and GTPV; in one PCR run; without any post-processing steps.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate effects of rations containing formaldehyde-protected soybean meal on meat production in Kacang goats. Materials and Methods: Fourteen yearling Kacang bucks, weighing 15.8-19.8 kg, were arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments included a control (PSBM0): 100% untreated SBM; PSBM50: 50% untreated SBM + 50% formaldehyde-protected SBM; and PSBM100: 100% formaldehyde-protected SBM. Results: The goats disliked the protected SBM. Therefore, differences in their intakes were reflected in their average daily gain (ADG). The ADG and slaughtered weight of the control group were the highest, while those of the PSBM100 and PSBM50 groups were similar. The carcass weights and meat production of the control group were higher than those of the PSBM50 group, but the retained protein to the meat conversion ratio of the PSBM50 group was lower than that of the control. The carcass percentages were similar between the treatments. Conclusion: The retained protein to meat conversion ratio of Kacang goats fed with 50% formaldehyde-protected SBM showed the lowest value, indicating that these rations efficiently produced meat in the carcass.

- by Veterinary World
- •
- Animal Nutrition, Animal Feed, Goat husbandry, Animal feeding and nutrition

Gut microflora in poultry acts in diversified manners to make the bird healthy, economical. Antibiotics and stress conditions will make imbalance of the gut microflora. To keep good healthy microflora in the entire G.I. tract new strains... more

Gut microflora in poultry acts in diversified manners to make the bird healthy, economical.
Antibiotics and stress conditions will make imbalance of the gut microflora.
To keep good healthy microflora in the entire G.I. tract new strains and new type of deliveries are essential.
PROGUT_POULTRY is one such effort.

An attempt was made to study the effect of supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophillus and
Saccharomyces cerevisiac individually and combination of both to feed, on growth performance
and feed conversion efficiency in goats. Sixteen of similar age and body weight were randomly
allotted to four treatments viz, T0 : concentrate (without probiotics), T1 : 2gm Lactobacillus acidophillus
per kg feed, T2: 2gm Saccharomyces Cerevisiac per kg feed, and T3 : mixture of 1g Lactobacillus
acidophillus + 1g Saccharomyces cerevisiac per kg feed was fed to the Osmanabadi goats. Observations
on the body weight gain showed the significant (P<0.05) differences among the treatments means.
The kids fed under treatment T3 showed higher average daily weight gain (88 gm) over the other
treatments, whereas the lowest average daily weight gain was recorded under treatment T0 i.e.
control group (26 gm). The mixture of probiotics (T3) was found most effective in reducing the feed
requirement, which was only 2.96 kg of weight gain. It is concluded that the use of probiotics either
single or in combination was useful for higher weight gain in goats.

- by Dineshsingh S Chauhan
- •
- Goat nutrition

- by Edwin Indarto
- •
- Animal Nutrition, Animal Feed, Goat husbandry, Animal feeding and nutrition
- by Gabriele Iussig and +2
- •
- Alps, Grasslands, Goat nutrition

Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain diet selection by herbivores, focusing on the maximization of nutrient intake,the minimization of plant secondary compounds, or the satiety hypothesis. This research aimed at studying diet selection revealingwhich chemical characteristics of plants form the bases for dietary preferences of goats. This was done by setting up a feeding experiment with three different combinations of tree species Acacia karroo, A.nilotica and A.sieberana. The chemical characteristics of these three Acacia species were used to predict diet selection. To test the validity of the satiety hypothesis, goats were placed on a conditioning diet of one of the three species. We found a clear preference for A. karroo and an avoidance of A. nilotica when these two were offered to the goats.In trials where
A.nilotica was present, tannin minimization was the best explaining diet selection rule.In trials where A. nilotica
was not present, however, tannin minimization was not the best explanation. Our ﬁndings suggest that tannins are not avoided but kept below a certain threshold. Below this threshold, goats based their dietary choices on other chemical characteristics of the
Acacia species. Acid detergent ﬁbre (ADF) minimization could then best explain preferences in trials with Acacia karroo
and A. sieberana that have generally low tannin content. Goats did not maximize nutrient intake or digestibility, and we found no support for the satiety hypothesis.

We are offering an outstanding opportunity for an expert in Behaviour Change to grow and develop research in the unique context of an N8 Food consortium. Leading the 'Improved Nutrition and Consumer Behaviours' theme at Leeds, you will be encouraged and supported to build fresh research collaborations which can capitalise on the innovative application of behaviour change work. As a strategic appointment at either Associate Professor or Chair in the area of Behaviour Change, you will be based in the School of Psychology, where we are ready to consolidate and grow behaviour change expertise. The role is part of the £16 million; five-year Agri-Food Resilience Programme funded by the N8 and HEFCE, the role offers unrivalled opportunities for cross-disciplinary relationships, spanning academia and industry across the N8 nationally and internationally. Many of these relationships are nascent, and ripe for creative growth. Potential directions for cross-disciplinary collaborations include research to change behaviour at the farm, supply chain or consumer level to increase resilience and improve nutrition with benefits for public health, reducing environmental impacts and increasing sustainability. A key partnership for the appointed candidate will be with the N8 theme lead, Professor Jason Halford at the University of Liverpool. You will have an international reputation in behaviour change, with clear enthusiasm and capacity for large, multidisciplinary grant applications and for publications of international standard with potential for impact. Our behaviour change team in the School of Psychology offer support, capacity and a creative environment to keep research forward-thinking, relevant and inclusive. Demonstrating an interest and ability to deliver engaging, research-led teaching to educate and inspire students is also essential. We encourage applications from people who are seeking a supportive, ambitious research environment with exciting opportunities for the application of behaviour change within and across disciplines. You will have secured significant research income, and published extensively with a significant number of 3* and 4* REF equivalent outputs, and have a track record of excellence in teaching and leadership. The University of Leeds is committed to providing equal opportunities for all. The University is a charter member of Athena SWAN and holds the Bronze award. We will be happy to consider job share applications and are committed to flexible working for all our employees.

- by Julio Damasceno
- •
- Animal Science, Ruminant Nutrition, Animal Production, Body Condition

Abstract The present study evaluated the effects of essential oil (EO) from anise (AO), clove (CO) and thyme (TO) on the performance of lactating Shame goats. Eight lactating Shame goats with average body weight 34.90 ± 0.9 kg and 3 years old were randomly assigned to four treatments in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, with four periods of 22 days. In each period, the goats were adapted to the treatments for 15 days and the remaining 7 days was used for sample collection. Goats were fed a basal diet without supplementation (control) or supplemented with anise (AO), thyme (TO) or clove (CO) at a daily dose of 2 ml/head/d. Feed intake was not affected by EO supplementations. Digestibility of organic matter, ether extract and acid detergent fibre was higher (P

- by Ibrahim khattab
- •
- Biology, Animal Production, Essential oils, Omega Fatty Acids

Abstract Biochemical and histological approaches were used to study the metabolic adaptations of transition dairy goats to dietary supplementation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Twenty-three Alpine dairy goats were divided into three groups and fed a basal pre-kidding and lactation diet (C) or the same diet supplemented with fish oil (FO) or stearic acid (ST) starting 1 week before kidding until 21 days in milk (DIM). No differences were observed in milk production and composition. However, the serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) concentrations were changed over time by the treatments. The mean adipocyte area, measured on a subset of 12 goats, which included four subjects from each experimental group, decreased constantly in the C and ST groups from −7 to 21 days, while the FO group did not change between days 7 to 21. These results support the idea that FO is able to limit lipolysis, although the energy balance is still negative. No inflammatory processes were observed in the liver in accordance with the blood leukocytes trend, even if moderate to severe fatty changes in the liver were observed in the experimental goats. In the FO group, however, fatty infiltration appeared more severe and it occurred more gradually compared with the other diets. Overall, these results suggest an interesting ability of dietary lipid supplements to affect the fat mobilizing machinery; FO in particular seems able to reduce/delay fat mobilization and could improve hepatocyte adaptation to fatty infiltration, allowing the cells to better maintain their function.

- by Laura F Pisani
- •
- Biology, Animal Production, Adipose tissue, Goats

- by Edwin Indarto
- •
- Animal Nutrition, Animal Feed, Goat husbandry, Animal feeding and nutrition

The present study was conducted for 12 weeks on 6 Osmanabadi goat kids of either sex in confinement to study the Dry Matter Intake, Growth Performance of Osmanabadi Goat kids maintained on DHN6 grass, Dashrath grass and Jowar straw. Daily feed intake, weekly body weights were recorded for 12 weeks. It was found that dry matter intake, dry matter intake percentage, weekly body weight gain, and daily body weight gain were ranged 393.94 ± 0.95 to 566.79 ± 4.07 g, 3.43 ± 0.29 to 3.53 ± 0.27%, 11.90 ± 1.0 to 16.43 ± 1.04 kg, and 47.62±1.59 to 63.81±1.41 g, respectively during the study period. It was inferred that the feeding DHN6 grass, Dashrath grass, and Jowar straw without supplementation of concentrate mixture gives satisfactory growth performance in Osmanabadi goat kids. Introduction Goats are the backbone of the economy of small and marginal farmers and landless labours in India. It is an insurance against crop failure and provides alternate sources of livelihood of farmers round the year. They play an important role in income and employment generation and improving household nutrition. The goat "poor man's cow" has tremendous potential to be projected as the 'Animal of Future' for rural prosperity under the changing agro-geo-climatic conditions and depleting resources for crop-based livelihood. There are around 880 million goats in the world out of which India has over 135.17 million (15.36%) of 34 defined and nondescript breeds that are adapted efficiently in different agro-climatic conditions all over the country. India has 26.4% goat of the total livestock population (512.02 million) out of which Rajasthan contributes to 16.03% [1]. The goats in India are reared primarily for meat and also for milk and hairs. The goat meat production in India has doubled (9.3% to 18.3%) and goat milk production showed a growth rate of 31.53% during the last decade [6]. Goats are mainly reared by grazing without feeding the concentrate mixture by the poor and landless farmers. Therefore the present study was planned to investigate the dry matter intake, dry matter intake percentage, and gain in body weight in Osmanabadi goat kids in confinement without supplementation of concentrate mixture.

- by Prafullakumar Patil and +1
- •
- Animal Science, Goat nutrition

Unconditioned food addiction is a rare phenomenon in goats. The marsilin like content existing in the Ipomea carnea plant is responsible for addiction of goats towards the respective plant. In addition, the plant contains two toxic principles, swainsonine and calystegines which induce lysosomal storage disease; a condition characterized by neurological impairments and generalized cytoplasmic vacuolation of various tissues of the body. In case 1, a doe with a history of dilated pupils, continuous head shaking, rolling of eyeballs, hyperexcitability, strabismus, severe incoordination, and ataxia was presented to the hospital. Based on the history, the condition was identified as unconditioned food addiction of the goat towards Ipomea carnea. In case 2, the goats with Ipomea addiction, were aborted at mid and later stages of gestation. In case 3, the serum SGPT, SGOT, Glucose, BUN, and Creatinine levels have decreased after complete food aversion through stall feeding. The phytochemical analysis conducted to find the anti nutritional factors of Ipomea carnea leaves revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and Glycosides.

- by Poonooru Ravikanth Reddy
- •
- Poisoning, Food Poisoning, Goats, Goat nutrition

Simple Summary: Grazing goats in forests is an ancestral practice in the Mediterranean region. This study aims to assess the seasonal variations in the feeding behavior of goats browsing in the Mediterranean forest rangeland of Northern Morocco for two years. The goats' diet was largely composed of woody species. Overall, the smaller the bite mass, the higher the biting rate, leading to an increased instantaneous intake rate. During the dry season, goats tend to compensate for the low intake rate by extending daily grazing time, thus reducing the sensitivity of intake rates to forage availability. A particular high selection of cork oak was observed over seasons. The higher diet diversity was recorded during summer and fall compared to the spring. Nevertheless, it should be remembered that the diet selection of goats is ultimately influenced by the herder's decisions. Results confirm the high adaptability of goats to the seasonality of complex Moroccan forest rangelands. Abstract: Mediterranean forest rangelands offer an important feed source for goats. Concerns about grazing strategies and management schemes in order to ensure the rangeland sustainability of Southern Mediterranean forest have revived interest in the foraging behavior of goats. This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes of feeding behavior of grazing goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland of Northern Morocco during two consecutive years beginning in 2016. The direct observation method was used to compare diet composition, intake rate, and diet selectivity of goats during three seasons (spring, summer, and fall). Bite mass of each plant species selected by goats was estimated using hand-plucked simulation. The optimal foraging theory was used as a tool to explain the goats foraging decisions. Bite mass range was extremely wide and varied seasonally. The goats' diet was largely composed of Cistus spp., Lavandula stoechas, Quercus spp., and Myrtus communis. The result shows that the smaller the bite mass, the higher the biting rate, leading to increased short term intake rates. The selection of various plant species during fall and summer enlarged the diet diversity of goats. As expected, goats preferred trees and some shrubs despite their low availability. Consequently, the most available species is not necessarily the most positively selected. Particular high and positive selection of Quercus suber was observed over seasons. The outcomes confirm the high adaptability and ability of goats to select a woody species across seasons. Knowledge about forage availability and the feeding behavior of goats could be used as the first guide for rangeland managers to ensure herd and forest sustainability.

- by Youssef Chebli
- •
- Rangeland Ecology, Mediterranean and North Africa, Diet breadth, Similarity

O experimento foi conduzido com os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho de cabras leiteiras mestiças Saanen, submetidas a duas estratégias de suplementação com concentrado (ESC): 30% das exigências diárias em energia líquida (NRC, 1981), supridas pelo concentrado, da 3ª semana até o final de lactação (ESC.1) ou 60% das exigências da 3ª à 13ª semana de lactação e 15% da 14ª semana até o final da lactação (ESC.2) e avaliar a resposta dos animais à estratégia de suplementação com concentrado em sistema de produção semi-confinamento e em pastagem. Foram utilizados 31 animais em delineamento completamente casualizado. O sistema de produção teve efeito no consumo total de concentrado e produção total de leite; no sistema em pastagem, os valores para essas duas variáveis foram superiores. A suplementação com concentrado afetou o consumo total de concentrado e a relação produção de leite/consumo de concentrado. Maior valor para relação produção de leite/consumo de concentrado e menor para cons...

- by Marcos Weber Do Canto
- •
- Animal Science, Ruminant Nutrition, Animal Production, Body Condition
- by GERALDO TADEU SANTOS
- •
- Animal Science, Ruminant Nutrition, Animal Production, Body Condition
- by Marcos do Canto
- •
- Animal Science, Ruminant Nutrition, Animal Production, Body Condition
- by Julio Damasceno
- •
- Animal Science, Animal Production, Goat Farming, Goat nutrition

Goat production system in India has started slowly moving from traditional low input extensive to high input intensive commercial production system. One of the important limiting factors of intensive goat rearing is the high level of mortality among kids, which can affect the economic viability of commercial goat farming. A study was carried out to find the various causes of kid mortality and to optimize the management strategies to improve kid survivability in an organized goat farm under intensive system of rearing with more than 500 breedable Tellicherry does at Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. During the study period (2014-2015) 52 kid mortality was recorded out of 551 live kids born and detailed necropsy was carried out. On detailed laboratory examination Clostridium perfringens type D was found to be the single major cause of kid mortality (65.38%) in this farm, while low birth weight, pneumonia, navel ill, cystic calculi, intussusception, round worm infestation and brain suppurative encephalitis were other causes for kid mortality. Among the different management interventions tried vaccination of ewes during last month of pregnancy and controlled nursing provided significant protection to kids from neonatal enterotaemia. Maximum survivability was observed in kids born to vaccinated does (98.21%) followed by control group (89.70%). In conclusion, kid mortality due to neonatal enterotoxaemia can be significantly reduced by vaccination and controlled nursing.

- by Muthu Kumar
- •
- Goat husbandry, Goat Farming, Goat nutrition