Hadrian Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

VI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Historia Militar (ASEHISMI) - Dominio político y expansionismo militar en la Historia. Granada, 21-24/V/2019: Las guerras dácicas de Trajano (101-106 d.C.) se saldaron con las mayores adquisiciones territoriales realizadas por el Imperio romano en el Continente europeo desde el principado de Augusto. Sin embargo, el expansionismo territorial y político, una de las causas fundamentales del conflicto entre el Imperio romano y el Estado dacio, no ha sido objeto, hasta la fecha, de un estudio concienzudo y renovador en la totalidad de sus perspectivas. Del mismo modo, la historiografía especializada ha puesto con demasiada frecuencia su atención exclusivamente sobre los motivos y procesos que llevaron al estallido del conflicto desde un punto de vista predominantemente romano, ignorando casi por completo la perspectiva del reino dacio y sus aliados en esta cuestión.
Partiendo de innovadores planteamientos en torno a la geopolítica del conflicto y sus antecedentes, esta investigación pretende abordar cómo las pretensiones territoriales y las aspiraciones a la hegemonía regional sobre el curso del Danubio y las costas del Mar Negro por parte del Estado dacio, jugaron un papel esencial en la puesta en marcha de las guerras dácicas de Domiciano y Trajano. Como veremos, desde el año 69 d.C., los soberanos dacios trataron de desplazar al poder romano del espacio danubiano mediante una astuta combinación de presión diplomática, influencia política y guerra abierta. Estos procesos se materializaron en una precisa y constante política expansionista que se extendió hasta la destrucción del reino dacio durante la segunda guerra dácica de Trajano (105-106 d.C.), llegando a desencadenar una serie de reiterados intentos para anexionar militarmente diversos territorios en la provincia romana de Mesia Inferior.
En este sentido, el Imperio romano marchó a la guerra, inicialmente, en defensa de sus propios intereses y de su amenazada hegemonía política en la región. El ascenso a la púrpura del emperador Trajano en 98 d.C. conllevaría la asunción final, por parte de Roma, de la anexión de Dacia y la expansión territorial al norte del Danubio como única solución viable a la amenaza que el Estado dacio y sus aliados suponían, no ya para la posición preponderante del Imperio en la Europa danubiana, sino incluso para su mera presencia en la región.

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- Geopolitics, Roman Dacia, Dacian civilization, Moesia inferior

Global Strategy Report 10/2020 - https://global-strategy.org/las-guerras-dacicas-de-domiciano-y-trajano-85-106-d-c-la-batalla-por-la-hegemonia-en-la-europa-danubiana/
Entre los años 69 y 106 d.C. el Imperio romano se enfrentó a una amenaza de primer orden contra su hegemonía sobre la Europa danubiana y balcánica que puso en serio peligro incluso su mera presencia en la región: bajo el enérgico liderazgo del rey Decébalo, el Estado dacio, había conformado una formidable entente con el objetivo de convertirse en la nueva superpotencia en el curso medio y bajo del Danubio y las costas occidentales del Mar Negro. Alcanzar esta meta, sin embargo, pasaba necesariamente por desplazar a Roma de la región y, por lo tanto, por un conflicto directo a gran escala que, independientemente de su resultado, cambiaría para siempre la historia de la Europa oriental.

- by David Soria Molina
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- Geopolitics, Roman Army, Emperor Domitian, Roman Dacia
- by David Soria Molina
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- Geopolitics, Roman Dacia, Dacian civilization, Hadrian
- by Vecihi ÖZKAYA
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- Anatolian Archaeology, Hadrian, Age of Trajan and Hadrian
- by Andrea Pancotti
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- Auctions, Collecting and Collections, Hadrian, Antiquities
- by Antonio Caballos Rufino
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- Ancient History, Roman History, Roman Empire, Hadrian

Nel capitolo XIII del De Iside et Osiride, Plutarco racconta che: “Ma quando Osiride fu di ritorno, egli [Tifone] ordì contro di lui un’insidia, raccogliendo settantadue congiurati e ottenendo la collaborazione della regina che governava in quel tempo l’Etiopia, di nome Aso. Tifone prese di nascosto le misure del corpo di Osiride, costruì un’arca di quelle dimensioni, molto bella e con splendidi ornamenti, e poi la portò nella sala del banchetto. Tutti la guardarono ammirati, e allora Tifone promise, come in un bel gioco, che l’avrebbe data in dono a quello che ci stesse dentro sdraiato proprio di misura.

Campaigns of Germanicus, AD 13-16 describes briefly the campaigns, joint and combined ops., tactics, strategy, foreign policy, espionage, intelligence gathering, and strategy between ca. 60 BC and AD 150 with particular focus on... more

Throughout the history of the Roman Empire, no other emperor travelled as much as Hadrian. He is the ‘restless’ emperor, an imperial tourist who spent more time travelling than in Rome, devoting half of his 21-year reign to the inspection of the provinces. His travels provided him with the political means of unifying the empire, but he may also have been personally motivated by his insatiable curiosity, philhellenism, and love of travel.

- by Carole Raddato
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- Hadrian, History of Travels

A Civil Town’s Early Roman history is more or less well known due to the more than 120 years of continuous archaeological research. The settlement started as a civilian vicus and the rapid urbanistic development began by the beginning of the 2nd c. AD (during the Hadrian’s governorship) - as a result of Aquincum’s new status as a capital of Pannonia Inferior. Receiving the rank of municipium in the early 120s – during the reign of Hadrian - also gave a great impetus to the development of the town: according to the previous researches this was the time ofconstructions of public buildings and utilities, town defences, or the fixed insula system. Re-evaluation of old materials and control excavations carried out in the past 15 years added new informations to the understanding of the structure of the town in the first decades of the 2nd c. AD as well as shedding new light on the function of some buildings. The paper will list and examine these new results and tries to fit these new data into the history of the 2nd c. Civil Town.

- by Orsolya Láng
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- Roman History, Archaeology of Roman Pannonia, Roman Provincial Archaeology, Hadrian
- by Klelia Katsakou and +1
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- Archaeology, Resilience, Hadrian, Athens and Attica
- by Alicia M. Canto
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- Urbanism, Spain, Hadrian, Hispania
- by Gil Renberg
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- Ancient Egyptian Religion, Ancient History, Near Eastern Archaeology, Classics

Novo čitanje antičkog nalazišta Osijek/Mursa zasniva se na rezultatima intenzivnih arheoloških iskopavanja koji se u provode u posljednjih 20 godi-na. Kroz pregled rezultata tih istraživanja predočeno je novo iscrtavanje to-pografije Murse, s posebnim osvrtom na položaj i izgled bedema, rastera ulica, predgrađa i gradskih groblja. Izložena je i prošlost Murse kroz razvojne faze nalazišta iščitanih iz stratigrafskih odnosa i otkrivenih struktura. Rad obuhva-ća i osvrt na razdoblje od gotovo jednog i po stoljeća koje je prethodilo osnutku kolonije, a koje je trajalo od prvog prodora rimske vojske u jugoistočnu Panoniju do osnutka kolonije. Uvod Ovaj rad namjerava prikazati rezultate arheoloških istraživanja koje Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti (HAZU) obavlja na arheološkom nalazištu Osi-jek/Mursa od 2008. do 2019. godine. U tih je 12 godina Akademija obavila istra-živanje na četiri položaja: Trgu bana Josipa Jelačića 2008. godine, u Parku kraljice Katarine Kosače od 2013. do 2017. godine, u Ulici Matije Gupca 2016. godine, te u Sveučilišnom kampusu od 2016. do 2019. godine (sl. 1). Namjera je objaviti najvaž-nije spoznaje koje su proistekle iz tih istraživanja, ali u njihovu razradu uključiti i rezultate istraživanja koje su provele i druge institucije te privatne tvrtke, a s ciljem stvaranja što cjelovitije slike antičke Murse. Važno je istaknuti da ovom pri-likom nije moguće izložiti sve ono što je otkriveno u posljednjih petnaest godina. Stoga su u ovaj rad uvršteni samo odabrani rezultati iskopavanje dostupni u obli-ku stručnih izvještaja pohranjenih u arhivu Konzervatorskog odjela u Osijeku. Dakle, namjera je ovog rada predstaviti rezultate tih istraživanja te iznijeti novi pogled na topografiju i stratigrafiju Murse proistekao iz njih.

- by Tino Leleković
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- Archaeology of Roman Pannonia, Hadrian, Roman colonisation, Roman Colonies
- by Werner Eck
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- Romanian History, Roman military history, Hadrian, Trajan
- by Santiago Montero
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- Roman History, Roman Religion, Hadrian, Omina Imperii
- by Vivian A Laughlin
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- Hellenistic History, Ancient Religion, Emperor Nero, Augustus

Etude des fonctions du voyage dans Mémoires d'Hadrien de Marguerite Yourcenar

- by Rémy Poignault
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- Intertextuality, Reception of Antiquity, Hadrian, Marguerite Yourcenar
- by Christoph Michels
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- Roman History, Imperial Rome, Roman Iconography, Roman provinces
- by Angelos Chaniotis
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- Ancient History, Latin Epigraphy, Archaeology of Crete, Hadrian

Cassius Dio has never been held in high esteem by historians dedicated to Roman History. As a Greek, he was considered unable to understand the Roman Empire. As a Roman senator, he was blamed for showing little respect for the phylogeny of the emperor Trajan when he wrote that the first provincial emperor was «an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot». In this paper I propose a new interpretation of this text. I will try to show that the source of this text is Hadrian’s Autobiography, now lost. Hadrian devised a multicultural and multiracial identity for himself, and also for the Roman Empire, in an attempt to integrate the diversity of its regions and peoples.

- by Juan Manuel Cortés Copete
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- Autobiography, Cassius Dio, Hadrian, Italica
- by James Uden
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- Homer, Second Sophistic, Hesiodic Poetry, Satire & Irony

This volume is the first in a series describing the results of the salvage excavations conducted in the northwestern part of the Western Wall Plaza, between the years 2005 and 2010, 2017 on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA). The remains of the Second Temple period - the northernmost section of te Low Level Aqueduct, and other installations are described in Chapter 2. The architecture and
stratigraphy of the Eastern Cardo - the main thoroughfare of Aelia Capitolina, in the Roman and Byzantine periods (second–early seventh centuries CE), are described in Chapter 3. The architectural decoration of the Cardo is addressed in Chapter 4 (Orit Peleg-Barkat), and the board games that were incised on its flagstones are discussed in Chapter 5 (Michael Sebbane). The coins of the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods are published in Chapter 6 (Gabriela Bijovsky). The archaeological finds within their urban context are briefly discussed in Chapter 7 (Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah). A geological overview of stone utilization in Jerusalem and the site appears in Appendix 1
(Dan Gill). The list of loci and walls was compiled in Appendix 2 (Shua Kisilevitz).

- by Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah
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- Urban Planning, Jerusalem, Roman Period, Hadrian

The Expeditio Britannica is one of the less well understood aspects of Hadrian’s reign with question marks over its date, extent and even strategic importance. The paper is going review the evidence in view of archaeological work in Britain as well as our current understanding of the general military and political situation at the beginning of Hadrian’s reign.

- by Birgitta Hoffmann
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- Roman Britain, Roman Army, Hadrian

De Trajano a Adriano, dos emperadores romanos que compartieron patria italicense, tan próximos y a la par tan diferentes: Roma matura, Roma mutans. El primer argumento, la plena vertebración y el triunfo de Roma como Imperio, así como la identificación de las fórmulas y las estructuras que lo hicieron posible. El segundo, los cambios sustanciales a que se vio sometida Roma en el siglo II, manifestados en la diferente concepción de la gestión pública de uno y otro emperador. El mantenimiento de la tradición frente a los intentos de respuesta operativa a las nuevas circunstancias históricas, a la búsqueda de fórmulas más permanentes de mantenimiento del Estado; aunque ello desembocase a la postre en el fracaso de un imposible: el del mantenimiento del equilibrio en un mundo plural, complejo y dinámico.

- by Antonio Caballos Rufino and +8
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- Ancient History, Roman History, Latin Epigraphy, Roman Empire

The association between Achilles and Alexander the Great has been accepted based on a few slim pieces of literary evidence. By looking at the work of Andrew Stewart who reaffirms that Alexander imitated Achilles, and by picking apart the sources which he uses, as well as those which were overlooked or discarded, it becomes clear that there were later figures who would benefit from cultivating this association between leaders and Homeric heroes.

- by Lauren Murphy
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- Greek Literature, Roman History, Homer, Alexander the Great

This contribution is the follow-up of a paper published in Britannia (2018) which has re-argued the case for an earlier start of the building of Hadrian's Wall, well before the imperial visit of AD 122. What issued from Hadrian's inspection, it is argued, was not so much the inauguration, but a drastic revision of the Wall project. The most incisive change was the implantation of a dozen forts on the line of the Wall, soon followed by the decision to narrow its width. This invites renewed examination of what had been built on the eve of 'dislocation' and how the 'fort decision' impacted on what followed. Of particular interest is the question where the Wall's fortified gateways, the milecastles, belong in the structural sequence. The concept of path-dependency is used to contextualise another novelty of the Wall, the Vallum. The priority accorded to this backup earthwork seems to have markedly decelerated the initial project of the mural barrier. A security crisis, possibly fuelled by the measures of AD 122 and answered by the expeditio Britannica, may have led to a complete cessation in the mid-120s. Major work, both on the forts and the mural barrier, was still in progress in the 130s. This paper addresses several long-standing Wall problems, resulting in a revised chronology for the building of this mega structure which was probably still incomplete when its principal died in 138. The proposed pathway places Hadrian's Wall more centrally in the mainstream of frontier development and sheds a fascina ting light on the making of a military megaproject in the Roman imperial context.

The 2014 exhibition "Apoteosi. Da Uomini a Dei. Il Mausoleo di Adriano" (editors of the catalogue: L. Abbondanza, F. Coarelli and E. Lo Sardo; publisher: Munus), gave the opportunity to present a entirely new study on the Mausolum of Hadrian, based on the analysis of the structure. New details of the structure were unveiled, which made possible the understanding of the original form and the interior iteneraries.

- by paolo vitti
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- Hadrian, Ancient Rome, Roman Funerary Architecture, Roman Architecture

Οι «στύλοι του Ολυμπίου Διός» στην Αθήνα
αποτελούν ένα από τα πλέον σημαντικά
ιστορικά τοπόσημα στο σύγχρονο αστικό
τοπίο. Ωστόσο, το μικρό μόνο μέρος που
σώζεται από το σύνολο του ιερού, δύσκολα
επιτρέπει στον σύγχρονο παρατηρητή να έχει
ολοκληρωμένη εικόνα για την αρχική μορφή
του. Η δυνατότητα αυτή παρέχεται πλέον
μέσω των εξελιγμένων ψηφιακών εφαρμογών
με τριδιάστατη απεικόνιση του χώρου,
που αποκαθιστά πλήρως το σύνολο χωρίς
επεμβατικές ενέργειες στα ίδια τα μνημεία.
Στόχος της παρούσας δημοσίευσης δεν είναι
απλώς η εικονική αναπαράσταση
του Ολυμπιείου μετά την ολοκλήρωσή του
από τον Ρωμαίο αυτοκράτορα Αδριανό.
Βασική προϋπόθεση για την αρτιότερη
παρουσίαση του χώρου αποτέλεσε αρχικά
η συνοπτική περιγραφή του ιστορικού
του πλαισίου, στο οποίο εγγράφονται όλες
οι φάσεις οικοδόμησης. Εξίσου αναγκαία
κρίθηκε και η αποτύπωση της μεθοδολογικής
προσέγγισης της απεικόνισης, μέσα από
την οποία όχι μόνο αναδεικνύονται
μορφολογικά και τοπογραφικά προβλήματα,
αλλά προτείνεται και η αντίστοιχη επίλυσή
τους.

- by Dimitris Tsalkanis and +2
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- 3D Modelling (Architecture), Hadrian, 3D modelling cultural heritage, Roman Athens
- by Jacek Rzepka
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- Greek Epigraphy, Ancient Greek History, Pausanias, Hadrian

The paper aims to study Hadrian’s reputation as a ruler on the move in Latin, Greek, Syriac, and Byzantine histories and chronicles from the third to the twelfth century. The paper also assesses how early Roman, late antique and medieval historians’ opinions on mobile and sedentary modes of governing influenced Hadrian’s portrait. In addition, it will study how his attitudes towards Jews and Christians were depicted in conjunction with his journeys.

- by Sabine M. E. Fick
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- Roman History, Roman Empire, Caracalla, Hadrian
- by Maria Chiara Monaco
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- Hadrian, Athens, Ancient Athens, Panhellenion

This article examines the position of the Great Panathenaia in the Olympic cycle during the second and third centuries A.D. According to scholarly opinion, the Panathenaia was shifted from the third year in the Olympic cycle, its date before Hadrian's reign, to the fourth year. Since years in which the Great Panathenaia were held happened on a fixed cycle and are easily identified, this understanding of the festival’s chronology has had important ramifications for the dating of the eponymous archons of Roman Athens. The dossier of letters from Hadrian which was recently found at Alexandria Troas (SEG LVI 1359), however, shows that this understanding of the Panathenaia and its chronology is incorrect. As I argue, these letters, together with other evidence from Athens, show that the Panathenaia continued to be held in third year of the Olympiad, rather than the fourth. Additional evidence further suggests that they continued to be held on this cycle until at least the middle of the third century.

- by Julia L. Shear
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- Greek Religion, Hadrian, Athens, Panathenaia

In the summer of A.D. 122, Hadrian (A.D. 117–38) visited Britain as part of his first major journey. It is broadly accepted that the construction of Hadrian's Wall was inaugurated on this occasion. Following recent advances in Upper Germany where the limes palisade is now known to have been under construction when Hadrian visited the province, this paper reexamines the various strands of evidence for the early chronology of the Wall. It is argued that work started well before A.D. 122 and that it was in fact the 'fort decision' which resulted from the imperial visit. The revised sequence offers a fresh perspective on several classic Wall problems and prepares the ground for a new understanding of unique features like the milecastles and Vallum.

Recent studies in Ancient History have pointed out that the progression of Hadrian’s
career shows an early promotion by Trajan that was focused on military offices. Therefore, Hadrian
might have been considered a potential successor long before Trajan’s death. Against this backdrop,
scene 48 of the Column of Trajan deserves closer attention. It depicts a legion marching over the
Danube, supposedly portraying the Profectio for the third campaign of the First Dacian War. The
legion is not led by Trajan, but by a Legatus followed by five standard-bearers. Among these
standards is an emblematic one that is crowned by a ram. Thus far, this is the only known
representation of such a standard in Roman imperial art. In fact, a ram was used only by two
legions, of which only one, the Legio I Minervia, participated in the Dacian Wars. Obviously, with
this scene and the unique depiction of such a standard a special reference to this legion and its
commanding officer must be imagined. Since it was Hadrian who led the Legio I Minervia during
the Second Dacian War, it seems reasonable to assume that with this scene his military merits
were intended to be visualized. As some scholars have posited, Hadrian may also be depicted on
Trajan’s arch at Beneventum. Similarly, if the cuirassed figure shown in the Adventus of Trajan
on the attic panel relief of the ‘city’-side on the arch at Beneventum also represents Hadrian, as
has also been suggested, this would be another representative depiction of his military virtues.

- by David Capps
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- Classics, Latin Literature, Roman History, Second Sophistic
- by Luigi Prada
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- Egyptology, Classics, Greek Literature, Demotic
- by Paolo Liverani
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- Hadrian, Roman Sculpture, Ephesos, Lucius Verus