Isro Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The concept of a space elevator dates back to Tsilokovsky, but they are not commonly considered in near-term plans for space exploration, perhaps because a terrestrial elevator would not be possible without considerable improvements in tether material. A Lunar Space Elevator (LSE), however, can be built with current technology using commercially available tether polymers. This paper considers missions leading to infrastructure capable of shortening the time, lowering the cost and enhancing the capabilities of robotic and human explorers. These missions use planetary scale tethers, strings many thousands of kilometers long stabilized either by rotation or by gravitational gradients. These systems promise major reduction in transport costs versus chemical rockets, in a rapid timeframe, for a modest investment. Science will thus benefit as well as commercial activities.

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- Computer Science, Physics, Economics, Planetary Science

- by Marshall Eubanks
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- Computer Science, Physics, Economics, Planetary Science

This paper is an introduction to gravitational and space life sciences and a summary of key achievements in the field. Current global research is focused on understanding the effects of gravity/microgravity on microbes, cells, plants, animals and humans. It is now established that many plants and animals can progress through several generations in microgravity. Astrobiology is emerging as an exciting field promoting research in biospherics and fabrication of controlled
environmental life support systems. India is one of the 14-nation International Space Exploration Coordination Group (2007) that hopes that someday humans may live and work on other planets within the Solar System. The vision statement of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) includes planetary exploration and human spaceflight. While a leader in several fields of space science, India is yet to initiate serious research in gravitational and life sciences. Suggestions are made here for establishing a full-fledged Indian space life sciences programme.

- by P. Dayanandan
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- Gravitation, Astrobiology, Biology, Space Science
- by Ankit Gupta
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- Nasa, Isro, Landsat TM, Landsat

India has launched as many as 73 Indian satellites as of today since its first attempt in 1975. Besides serving traditional markets of telephony and broadcasting, satellites are on the frontiers of advanced applications as telemedicine, distance learning, environment monitoring, remote sensing, and so on. Satellite systems are optimized for services such as Internet access, virtual private networks and personal access. Costs have been coming down in recent years to the point where satellite broadband is becoming competitive.

- by IJERA Journal
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- Indian studies, India, Broadband, Indology

The space sector has grown dramatically in recent years and is now seen as an important growth engine for the global economy. Tourism, mass and mega launches, moon, mars, asteroid missions, and deployment of the Webb observatory were highlightes in 2021. The year 2022 promises to be yet another fantastic sign of the private sector expanding its hold over modern space and enabling Space Industrialization to progress.
The year-on-year global payload deployments increased by 29%, fourteen civilians experienced space tourism, ushering in a new age of space exploration, and international launch attempts reached a record high of 145, mainly owing to SpaceX's Starlink and OneWeb missions. This is unprecedented, and there has never been a more exciting or better time to be part of the global space ecosystem. Influential commercial factors, evolving technologies, and human imagination are driving the new space sector to completely unexplored heights. Furthermore, the explosive growth of the space industry has resulted in large-scale entrepreneurship and exceptional start-up culture.

- by MURALIKRISHNA REDDY
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- Engineering, Technology, Satellite Technology, Space

Wetlands can be defined as transitional landscape or the region that generally lies between the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Wetlands account for about six percent of the total land area, and are of several types like marshes, swamps, lagoons, fens, mangroves and bogs. The life on Earth is perceiving an increasing threat from climate change, primarily due to aggravated activities by humans, under the aegis of growth and development, as well as its repercussions that are having a greater impact on the ecology, to which wetlands are no exception. This situation of wetlands could be understood by monitoring and studying the variations in wetland type, soil and sediment characteristics, vegetative composition, evapotranspiration, geology, topography, hydrology and most importantly the climatic conditions of a particular region or place. Space technologies are being used for data collection and information management and dissemination and is also helpful for better planning, development and management informed decisions making, project planning. The paper provides an analysis of the uses of various space technologies used in India, their impact and suggestions to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of uses. It argues that technology and wetland environment could be integrated through innovation at all levels.

- by Ramnath Reghunadhan
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- Space Sciences, Technology, Wetlands, Infrastructure Planning
- by amit batar
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- India, Himalayas, Isro, Himalayan geology

An artificial satellite is a human made structure, which is put into space around any planetary body to gather data and impart the equivalent information to ground stations. There is a huge requirement of several types of satellite sensors which are to be mounted on spacecraft or Satellite payloads. To accommodate sensors on Spacecraft, mounting structural elements are needed to support them. This project is mainly focused on the study of those mounting configurations with modeling and analysis of support structure used to mount Sensor in aerospace application. Different configuration of support structure modeled based on the frequency (100 Hz). These models were analyzed to optimize the mass. Work involves modal analysis of the structure made of aluminum and composite material (CFRP). The configuration of mounting structure for sensors is based on various constraints like interface requirements, functional requirement of sensor, stiffness, strength and most importantly the mass. Various configurations of the support structure have to be studied using modeling and analysis software keeping in view the stiffness requirement with minimum mass. For efficient design, composite materials are considered. Normal modal analysis will be carried out to understand the dynamic characteristics of the Mounting structure and the supporting structure was modeled using Al-7075 and CFRP (Composite) materials and the results are compared in the present study.

- by Akshay Kumar Das
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- Mechanical Engineering, Design, Space and Place, FEA with ANSYS

ion to Mars, Mars Orbiter Mission, got off to a flying start on 5th of November 2013 from
the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota at 2.38 pm. The launch vehicle - PSLV-C25
successfully injected the Spacecraft into an Elliptical Parking Orbit around earth. It was a near
perfect launch for the Mangalyan spacecraft, the 25th successful mission carried out by the PSLV
rocket, the trusted workhorse of ISRO.
The spacecraft first going into orbit around the earth signalled the start of its 300-day
voyage to the Red Planet. If everything goes well during this complex and challenging journey
through deep space, it will be put into the Mars orbit on September 24, 2014. The orbiter weighs
about 1,350 kg and will carry five instruments to conduct a battery of remote-sensing
experiments on the availability of methane on the Red Planet, its upper atmosphere, its surface
features, mineralogy and so on.
One of the main objectives of the first Indian mission to Mars is to develop the
technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary
mission. From technological viewpoint, ISRO is looking at the mission that would help in
design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability to survive and perform Earth bound
manoeuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Mars orbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around
Mars. It will also explore possibilities of deep space communication, navigation, mission
planning and management and incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency
situations.The scientific objectives which ISRO intends to achieve is the exploration of Mars
surface features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere.

- by Radha Krishna Kavuluru
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- Physics, Optics, Quantum Physics, Space Sciences

A frequency synthesizer is an electronic device which generates a range of frequency mostly sine wave from a fixed clock provided. These frequency synthesizers are commonly found in radio receivers, mobile telephones radio telephones, wacky talkies, as local oscillators, satellite receivers, GPS system. Direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is a frequency synthesizer which digitally creates arbitrary wave forms of different frequencies from the fixed frequency provided as clock input. DDS generates digital wave forms and these digital waveforms are converted to analog signals by the digital to analog converter connected at the output of DDS. The DDS designed here is a ROM based DDS. DDS has many advantages over PLL and other similar approaches such as fast settling time, sub-hertz frequency resolution, continuous phase switching response and low phase noise. This system has many applications such as the confidential message transfer, speedy frequency switching.

- by ANJU NARAYANAN
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- Research Methodology, Digital Control System, Isro, Muxes
- by debalina ghoshal
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- Space Sciences, Isro, Mtcr, Ballistic Missiles

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) enables electronic Governance (e-Governance). e-Governance is all about providing reliable and efficient online services to the citizens in a secure manner. e-Governance is currently being utilized by many developing countries to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 17 SDGs are mirrored substantially in India's development plans and priorities through National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog). NITI Aayog has mapped the goals and targets to various nodal ministries through flagship programmes. Government of India has launched several ambitious missions to accomplish all the targets of SDGs. During the course of launching these missions and schemes, numerous ICT tools have been development and deployed, which has helped to significantly enhance the efficiency of Government programmes. This paper presents the results of survey data which illustrates the state of ICT enabled landscape belonging to fifty three ministries via 431 web sites, 106 mobile applications, and 57 Geo-portals. Major schemes/mission projects implemented by various ministries were also depicted along with their responsibilities for achieving the targets of SDGs in India.

- by IJCSMC Journal and +4
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- Information Systems, Computer Science, Information Technology, Communication

Rivers are often considered the arteries of the planet and are often important part of socioeconomic and cultural aspect of human civilisation. The characterisation of rapid development have but often and lead to greater fragility and have lead to problems like flooding, land subsidence and environmental degradation. Space technologies could play a major role in the management and conservation activities, while supplementing development of the river basin region, its topographical information for incorporating developmental and environmental aspects. This is provisioned through data collection and dissemination for analysis and flood forecast results. This paper provides for the conceptual framework for diffusion of technology in the form of spin-off technologies of space technology in India. The integration of space technologies for governance could bring positive effects to economic development, environmental management and societal integration, redefining the meaning of development from that of conventional usage.

- by Ramnath Reghunadhan
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- Technology, Water, Environmental Studies, Water quality

On 20 July 2021, Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon and presently the leader of the Global Billionaire's list, blasted off into suborbital space in a shuttle Blue Origin, operated by his business, heralding a new era of space exploration for private citizens. Likewise, Sir Richard Branson soared into space in his VSS Unity, a rocket operated by Virgin Galactic earlier that month. In the meantime, SpaceX, founded by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs, has partnered with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the USA to carry astronauts to the International Space Station.

The Himalayan region and hilly areas face severe challenges due to landslide occurrences during the rainy seasons in India, and the study area, i.e., the Rudraprayag district, is no exception. However, the landslide related database and research are still inadequate in these landslide-prone areas. The main purpose of this study is: (1) to prepare the multi-temporal landslide inventory map using geospatial platforms in the data-scarce environment; (2) to evaluate the landslide susceptibility map using weights of evidence (WoE) method in the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment at the district level; and (3) to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent developments, gaps, and future directions related to landslide inventory, susceptibility mapping, and risk assessment in the Indian context. Firstly, 293 landslides polygon were manually digitized using the BHUVAN (Indian earth observation visualization) and Google Earth® from 2011 to 2013. Secondly, a total of 14 lan...

- by amit batar
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- Geography, Computer Science, India, Himalayas

The largest purchases in terms of Aircrafts, both civil and military are by India. As long as the aircraft and MRO industry doesn't mature, the scene would continue to be so. The opportunities are apparent. On the other hand, with cryogenic technology maturing, India's space segment, particularly launch is set to rise as never before. A seller and buyers market awaits the world. The effect of multi-billion acquisitions and sales would most certainly have an astounding ripple effect on the Geo-politics and economy of the world. This paper attempts to examine the same.

- by Kiran Nair, PhD, LLM ,MSc, PMP
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- Aerospace Engineering, Economics, Geopolitics, Economic Growth

India has been the world's largest buyer of military arms and equipment for the past five years and would continue so for quite some time in the future. With space capabilities being endemic to military modernisation and since the Indian military is on a modernisation drive, the opportunities for space commerce and industry in the Indian Space defence sector are manifold. This is especially so since India has a civil space programme. Military space capabilities are hence virgin lands free for enterprise and commercial gain. The golden handshake beckons!

On 11 May 2022, India observed National Technology Day to commemorate a significant and landmark event in its long and illustrious path of technological advancements. The celebrations honour the professionalism, contributions, and achievements of Indian engineers, scientists, and technologists who are responsible for the country's development trajectory through epochal technological and scientific breakthroughs. This year also marks the commemoration of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, an exemplary time in India's rich history of people, culture, and achievements. ITCA is delighted to dedicate this issue of TIP, titled "Space Intelligence: The Future is Now," to this momentous occasion.

- by MURALIKRISHNA REDDY
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- Space Sciences, Technology, Economy, Rockets and Satellites

The concept of satellite navigation has started from 1973 with the very first introduction of GPS, as the time passes; in 1995 GPS navigation system becomes the very first global navigation system. There are various other systems for navigation, some are global navigation systems and some are regional navigation systems. This paper presents a literature study on various navigation systems and the signal scheme and modulation format which evolves through the time with special description for IRNSS

- by Tushar Saxena
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- Wireless Communications, GPS Applications, Satellite Communications, GPS

- by Charles F Radley and +2
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- Space Sciences, Planetary Science, Satellite Technology, Astronautics
- by Ramnath Reghunadhan
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- Space Sciences, Technology, Wetlands, Infrastructure Planning

In this paper, I document the strategy and results of my attempts at modelling and understanding the nature of multipath error in navigation satellites. I shall be discussing my python code and the math used in the python code to study the signal error. I would also briefly discuss some fundamental concepts associated with navigation satellite as and when required.

We know that virus do not have their own metabolism hence no need for food, this means a virus cannot be starved to death. Since the structure of a virus is mainly a DNA/RNA (The Life Particle) in a protein coat, this leads us to understand that just like a virus the DNA/RNA of any cell does not have a requirement for nourishment and thus cannot be starved to death. Microorganisms in their struggle for survival on being deprived of food either face regressive evolution or death due to starvation. Crush an insect under your feet; do all the cells get crushed? Owing to their small size probably none of them gets crushed but the system that feeds the individual cells gets destroyed and the cells are starved to death. Death of a human due to some disease results in failure of some organ and thus the system, resulting into cessation of supplies to the heart and the brain causing death, individual cells however are later starved to death. So we see that in most of the cases the cause of cell death is starving. In this paper we have provided evidences proving that ‘The Life Particle’ is indestructible, it does not get destroyed by starving, under extreme circumstances or under the effect of antibiotics, antimicrobials or antivirals. Thus we conclude that if life is added to any planet it will remain there forever. Further research is required to find ways to add life to other planets?

- by Sanjay Dosaj
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- Geography Of Mars, Geobiology, Earth, Mars

Several facts suggested that the country has acquired a ‘top hosting position’ in ‘space technology’ worldwide. In the wake of Chandrayaan 2, On Sep 07, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has lauded India’s historic Chandrayaan-2 mission, adding that the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) attempt to soft-land ‘Vikram module’ on the lunar South Pole has “inspired” it and the United State (US) space agency is looking forward to explore the “solar system” with its Indian counterpart. However, The US space agency offer for joint exploration came even as ISRO launch its first mission to study the sun (Aditya L-1 solar mission).

- by Trilok Singh
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- Technology, Space Technology, Isro, NASA-ISRO-SAR

No âmbito da Pós-graduação "Globalização, Diplomacia e Segurança" (Uni NOVA+IUM), na UC de Estratégia. Análise sucinta ao programa espacial indiano e sua dimensão enquanto arma de usos diversos (económico, militar...) concorrentes à... more

- by Diogo J Jesus
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- International Relations, India, Astronomy, India's Foreign Policy
- by Swathi Prabha
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- Isro