Material Architecture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by
- •
- Materials, Material Architecture

This paper focuses on the development of a modular construction system of rural low-cost housing and low environmental impact, using mud and bamboo. The system applied traditionally is known as “wattle and daub”. This system involves the use of a vegetal warp coated with a mixture of soil stabilized with lime and rice straw. This traditional construction technique has been used since ancient times in architecture without architects, mainly in American continent rural areas with slight variations from one region to another. It is intended that the final cost of the basic module is around $80 USD a square meter including facilities and finishes. Rigidity is achieved through a geodesic dome structure V1 frequency. The combination of the dome and the wattle & daub confers advantages such as seismic resistance, durability, ease of construction, optimization of natural resources and the use of local materials. The preliminary design was a basic module of 15 square meters in order to permit the gradual growth of the house. Original purpose was to make hygrothermal performance inside the prototype. However, prototype is not completed in scheduled time due to delay of approval on environmental impact for the use of native bamboo (Otatea acuminata ssp. Aztecorum) by the federal environmental authority. Instead, it was determined the monitoring with specimens of 0.25 x 0.25 m. x 0.11 m. This allowed the analysis of three different binder samples combinations: lime/sand, earth/straw and cement/sand. Recording equipment used was HOBO onsetcomp U12-012 for temperature and RH. Also thermal conductivities of the materials were determined using a conductivimeter KD2PRO. Measurement data mentioned above are intended to describe the thermal performance of materials in different configurations wattle & daub and set up an approximation of a mathematical model of the global heat transfer coefficient of wattle & daub in a stationary state.

- by Adolfo Gomez Amador and +2
- •
- Technology, Traditional Architecture, Material Architecture

This paper examines the importance of considering the behavioural properties of construction materials in the process of developing architecture projects in academia and it interrogates the pedagogic effectiveness of design-build projects in architecture schools. To illustrate this idea, the paper showcases the active-bending plywood research pavilion developed at the University of Calgary during the fall semester of 2015.

Ceramic material is certainly a key element in the cultural heritage, particularly in historical buildings. This material involves specific problems when addressing preservation, as well as conservation and restoration interventions.
This course is coordinated by International Association YOUTH IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE-YOCOCU Spain, co-organized by Geosciences Institute IGEO (CSIC, UCM), Spanish Society of Ceramics and Glass (SECV) and the Ceramic and Glass Institute (ICV-CSIC) and sponsored by ECerS, the JECS Trust and SECV.
The main goal of the course is to offer a training program of short duration focused on the ceramic material used in architectural heritage, including structural and decorative elements. Raw materials and technologies used for manufacturing, alteration and decay processes, characterization techniques for study and analysis, as well as new trends in conservation treatments will be addressed.

Hands on study on site work construction techniques used in Kampala.

- by Patricia A Rukud'de
- •
- Construction Technology, Material Architecture

Sustainable construction development is a recent term that is required to create an eco-friendly built environment using renewable and recyclable resources and to reduce energy consumption and waste within protecting the natural environment. This term means such an improvement that pleases the current requirements without limitation of the prospect of sustaining requirements in future. Many problems face builders while executing projects, especially these projects were decided to be built over difficult topographies, such as rivers, falls, inclinations, caves, ridges, cliffs, and mountains. Construction challenges to build a project over a difficult topography are diverse starting by executing piles, retaining walls, conserving stability, and choosing the proper sustainable materials that can withstand the natural environmental factors. This paper sheds the light on the potential of any site's certain criteria; mostly its topography and slope on the provision of sustainable and ...

- by Hiba Mohsen
- •
- Engineering, Architecture, Sustainable Construction, Topography

Soil is used as a building material in different parts of the world. Earth construction, with the least demand for resources, is economically the most efficient means for house construction in developing countries. The recent flood in Kerala (August 2018) resulted in a huge loss of lives, many lost their homes, houses partially destructed, landslides occurred, many animals died. The overall effect was devastating. Post-flood Kerala saw huge deposits of waste and clayey soil accumulated in lands, which needs to be cleared and life should be brought back to normal. Why can't we use these deposits as raw material for construction? To study this possibility, deposited soil from the areas of Periyar, Kerala, where the most amount of deposits were found and several tests were conducted on it to check its efficiency. Different types of blocks were prepared from this soil with and without adding stabilizers. Tests such as compressive strength and total water absorption were conducted on these blocks to evaluate their strength and durability. Finally, the values and properties of prepared sample blocks were compared and its efficiency to be used as a construction block is proved. The block can be made in low-cost and is energy efficient. This paper is a review of the construction of such clay blocks produced from flood deposits. It's an overview to demonstrate the scope of building walling using these clay bricks. Its advantages are realized in terms of rescuing the heritage and as a rediscovered environmentally friendly building material.

- by Sibin Sabu
- •
- Design, Architecture, Reinforcement Learning, Construction Technology

Non è chiaro se la scelta di fortificare il sito nasca in funzione della protezione di una strada o di un particolare percorso verso la costa, ma è certo che esso domina la breve chiusa sul fondovalle posta tra Bagnasco e Pievetta in alta val Tanaro, una dei segni morfologici più significativi dell'area. Tale posizione strategica ha avuto evidentemente un ruolo di rilievo all'interno di un territorio, posto a cavallo tra l'alta pianura piemontese e la riviera ligure di ponente, da sempre vocato al transito. La Costa della Capra è costituita da una serie geologica composta dalla sequenza carbonatica la cui originaria stratificazione non ha subito particolari deformazioni a seguito degli eventi metamorfici alpini. Tali forze orogenetiche l'hanno fatta emergere in corrispondenza dei primi contrafforti montani non ricoperti dai depositi terziari, sensibilmente meno consistenti per compattezza, proprio per non aver subito metamorfismo.

Research experiences and methods. Halldor Gunnløgsson´s house (1959). A look from the Sound towards the East. Text about research experiences and methods, published, conference proceeding volume of the I Congreso Internacional Iberoamericano Redfundamentos: Experiencias y métodos de investigación, (First International Iberoamerican Congress Redfundamentos: Research experiences and methods)

L’influenza esercitata dagli architetti italiani, o di origine italiana, a cavallo tra XIX e XX secolo, in corrispondenza di una duratura stabilità politica del paese e una conseguente prosperità economica, fu determinante per il rinnovamento architettonico dell’intera Argentina. Non solo gli architetti, ma più in generale tutti gli emigrati italiani attivi nel settore della progettazione, costruzione e compravendita immobiliare, ebbero un ruolo fondamentale nella definizione del nuovo assetto urbanistico e architettonico delle emergenti città argentine. Persino i materiali — in alcuni casi addirittura di importazione italiana, più comunemente a imitazione degli stessi — contribuiscono a caratterizzare in maniera inconfondibile l’architettura di quei decenni.

- by Luca Rocchi
- •
- Architecture, Modern Architecture, History of architecture, Architects
- by Geert Heymans
- •
- Architectural Engineering, Art History, Art, Architecture

As a remarkable case of being modern monument of Bauhaus style and social functionalist housing, Siedlung Gropius Törten Estate of Dessau needs some reassessment in architectural material study as those are rare in todays practice. The research problem is, it is not rational to bring back the original materials again. To find out both modern facilities and original appearance in alternative choices, would be challenge as well. To introduce sustainable material practice for preset day composite conservation oriented practice accordingly, would be the research question of this study. And it should be done without any maltreatment to the originals. An investigative survey, literature review and collaboration with building and finishing material experts, were adopted as method. To cope with the specifics of Dessau, some potentials of localization and substitutions of contemporary installation were advocated after such meticulous observation. Tentative recommendations based on results, might demonstrate the possible links for further maintainable remodeling regarding the distinct architectural expression in alternative, possible preservation material practice. Such results of explicit survey will also reveal the various potentials in building and finishing material conservation technique in the future. The study will determine and establish that the Bauhaus aesthetics and its authentic value are dependent over all these materials.

- by Sayed Ahmed
- •
- Heritage Conservation, Material Architecture

Conservation of historical memory is usually neglected in current building renovation practice, which involves the remodelling of plasterwork, floors, window frames and finishings in general. However, it does constitute the key element of certain renovation projects that have kept visible the traces of previous lives, rejecting the idea that new finishings should cancel all traces of the past.
Terms such as "unfinished" and "imperfect" concur with an attitude of openness to the possibility that the renovated building could be subject to new modifications, with knowledge of its past conditions offering great opportunities for the relative design. Moreover, the display of the untreated materials and the procedures undertaken corresponds to a frank, sincere, and truthful way of operating that may indeed have an ethical impact.
England and the Switzerland are the countries where you can find most cases of this tendency of refusal to smooth aver and camouflage. In these contexts we see the greatest evidence of that influence exercised by the neo-brutalist architecture of half a century ago, and by the As found tendency which, together, have contributed to mark the end of orthodoxy in the Modern Movement.

La produzione della calce nel Golfo di Policastro è ancora testimonianza viva per la permanenza dei manufatti "le calcare" e la memoria della gente che ricorda la raccolta delle fascine, il lavoro di cottura e la convivialità intorno alla calcara. La ricerca e la sperimentazione di metodologie di recupero delle conoscenze e divulgazione delle stesse sono parte del lavoro che l'associazione AUSS da tempo porta avanti.

Une visite, effectuée en 1656 lors de l’achat du domaine de Meudon par Abel Servien aux héritiers de la Maison de Guise, permet de préciser la nature des travaux menés dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle, notamment ceux exécutés sur les dessins du Primatice. L’intervention de ce dernier ne se borna pas en effet à la seule grotte que Vasari mentionne, non sans exagération, et qui au demeurant n’a pas été achevée, mais elle porta aussi sur le château : création de galeries terrasses dans la cour, des décors de la galerie dans l’aile droite, de la grande salle et d’un petit studiolo peint sur le thème d’Aristote.

- by Decrossas Michaël
- •
- Art History, Architecture, French Studies, Landscape Architecture
- by Leor Halevi
- •
- Material Culture Studies, Qur'anic Studies, Quranic Studies, Early Islam

A quarry can be defined as a place from which stone, rock, construction aggregate, sand, gravel, or slate has been excavated from the ground (Wikipedia, 2017). Quarrying is the activity carried out at the quarry. Having learnt a lot about stone in class, it was only logical to grasp a practical knowledge of this material so we visited the nearest and available stone quarry.

Architecture is always built out of architecture, there is no tabula rasa. This essay is built like the architecture it examines. It consists of fragments, interpretations, and intentions. An interplay of analogies, references, and influences emerges among the pictorial examples, written quotations, and short commentaries that bind them together. The various levels intersect and overlap – sometimes in contrast, sometimes with empathy. The reader is called upon to put the fragments together for himself or herself.

- by Alberto Alessi
- •
- Architecture, Contextualism, Design Process (Architecture), Architecture Design

Savona was not subjected to Genoa until 1528. But this independence was not reflected by a local building culture that, instead, can be compared to the buildings of the Antelami craftsmen active in Liguria since the middle of XII century. During the late Middle Age there were built several residential palaces and defensive/offensive structures. In most cases the towers were made with stones, but also in stone and bricks - the former at the base, the latter in the upper levels, as we can see in Noli or Albenga. Building materials came from nearby quarries or re-using pieces of ancient Roman buildings. Those re-used pieces were harmonized in the external walls depending on the different techniques and raw materials.
The petrographic, architectural and historical analysis of single cases perfectly frames the preferences given to some lithotypes, local and not, the re-use hierarchies and the values conferred on them

The Indian subcontinent is a land rich with biodiversity which is endangered, and faces a major threat from various sources
mainly from the ever-growing human population and global warming. Hence it is important to keep this in check and focus on
their conservation in a just manner, which could be done by creating a conservation centre in a national park which would
benefit the animals, the conservationists as well as the researchers.
This research papers is a study of the best possible methods for constructing a structure in a wildlife setting with affecting the
ecological balance of nature as less as possible. Such a requirement leads to the concept of “NON-INTRUSIVE ARCHITECTURE”
which is the architecture that functions without interfering with the surroundings by various means and methods. To name a
few: camouflaging paints and textures, natural materials, earth-berm architecture, underground architecture, net-zero
sustainable buildings, etc.

The following essay sketches varieties of imagination operative in the best architectural work. It was published in Warehouse Journal, a student-edited journal produced annually by the Faculty of Architecture, University of Manitoba.... more

- by Lisa Landrum
- •
- Aesthetics, Art History, Humanities, Art

A number of essays and interviews published between 1997 and 2008, revised for this edition, which V2_Publishing kindly made available as a complete pdf. The book contains a memorable introduction by the late Detlef Mertins, a number of early essays that were strongly influenced by Paul Virilio, and many discussions of architectural and art works combined with theoretical analyses.

- by Lars Spuybroek
- •
- Architecture, Interaction Design, Architectural Geometry, Architectural History

Aujourd’hui, à l’évocation de l’architecture japonaise, les images d’un temple ou d’une pagode viennent assez naturellement à l’esprit. Certains auront également en tête des œuvres plus contemporaines: les voiles de béton brut de décoffrage, massifs et modulaires à la manière d’Ando Tadao, les architectures plus légères d’Ito Toyo, Sejima Kazuyo ou les façades ouvragées de Kuma Kengo, pour ne citer qu’eux. Un fossé générationnel, voire historique, assez surprenant, semble s’être creusé entre les images d’une architecture traditionnelle très emblématique où le bois est le matériau de prédilection, et celles plus actuelles de projets innovants où son usage se réduit. Au Japon, bien que le charpentier en ait longtemps été le maître d’œuvre principal, la culture architecturale contemporaine semble avoir oublié ce savoir constructif accumulé durant des siècles. Une telle constatation s’applique d’ailleurs à nombre d’autres domaines de l’art comme la musique – les enfants japonais apprennent plus volontiers le piano ou le violon que le shamisen ou le koto – la peinture et la sculpture, enseignées selon les canons occidentaux depuis la réforme de Meiji à la fin du XIXe siècle. Le déclin de l’artisanat, l’industrialisation, la modernisation des savoirs et des techniques, sont des phénomènes aujourd’hui observables à une échelle globale, mais dans le cas du Japon en particulier, le contraste est saisissant, même inquiétant, entre ce qui reste d’un patrimoine ancien et ce qui se construit en majorité dans les villes japonaises.

- by Teruaki Matsuzaki and +1
- •
- Japanese Studies, Forestry, Architecture, Landscape Architecture

In this paper we try to point out the meaning of four terms which belong to the '500 and '600's technical-building language in Genova: imboccare, indarbare, indarbusare and infrascare, disappeared in Italian. Each of these terms has a complicate relationship with the others depending on the contest, the kind of building, the part of the building in which it is used. We could collect information from different sources-this is the most interesting and the main quality of the research-such as literature, technical analysis on the original buildings and, most of all, from the Historical Archives of Genova.

- by Anna Decri
- •
- Cultural History, Material Culture, Written Sources, Plasters

Secara tradisional, sebagian besar proses konstruksi bangunan berlangsung di lokasi bangunan tersebut (meskipun beberapa bagian konstruksi tersebut berlangsung di tempat lain, misalnya bagian dari kayu tersebut yang berbentuk bingkai yang bercorak dan dibawa ke produksi material untuk proses berikutnya). Namun, pada proses bangunan tradisional ini melibatkan penggunaan komponen pabrik yang dihasilkan misalnya atap gulungan. Aplikasi dari bangunan ramah lingkungan biasanya disebut juga dengan konstruksi hijau (green construction), yakni pada tahap perencanaan terlihat pada beberapa desain konstruksi yang memperoleh award sebagai desain bangunan yang hemat energi, yaitu sistem bangunan yang didesain agar mengurangi pemakaian listrik untuk pencahayaan dan tata udara.

- by Mohammad Imran
- •
- Architecture, Sustainable Architecture, Material Architecture

This report presents the findings
from a research study concern in using the stone
material as a main material of Amman city
building during past until present. What this paper
seeks to do is to study this fantastic material
which has improves its varied properties and it’s a
spatial character by considering it as the oldest
material used by man in construction and
building. Amman is famous for its extensive use
of building stone; refer to the geographic and
topographic nature as a city surrounded by seven
mountains. The research will start with a historical
overview from old ages until present and
examples will be mentioned for using it in several
civilizations which bass by Amman city.
Jordanians architects have a varied uses of stone
material and it was depending on the evolution of
architectural language and technical development,
each one of them has different concept and
different way, like Wadah Al-Abedi, Farouk
Yaghmour , Rasem badran and Imad Al-Dabbas.
The research came out with a sort of conclusion
points, which judge the local treatment for using
stone material on our Ammanis building.

- by Diala Atiyat
- •
- Architectural History, Amman jordan, University of Jordan, Material Architecture

In queste note si riferisce in maniera sintetica di quelle pietre, in grande prevalenza di provenienza regionale, impiegate nella costruzione e nella
decorazione esterna degli edifici piemontesi. Vengono considerati cioè
quei materiali che, a differenza delle pietre puramente da decorazione che vengono impiegate negli interni, possono presentare le più varie problematiche
nei riguardi della conservazione
per il fatto di essere maggiormente
esposte agli agenti del
degrado

ABSTRAK Iklim merupakan faktor alam yang sangat penting bagi eksistensi arsitektur bangunan di seluruh permukaan bumi ini. Karena iklim memiliki banyak unsur di dalamnya yang sangat berpengaruh bagi kehidupan, keberlangsungan hidup manusia sehari-hari serta bermanfaat bagi penerapannya terhadap arsitektur. Bangunan yang direncanakan harus memanfaatkan matahari dan iklim sebagai sumber energi primer dan dirancang untuk mengakomodasi perubahan perubahan sebagai konsekwensi siklus iklim secara harian, musiman maupun tahunan dan mengalami versi cuaca yang berbeda sesuai dengan keberadaannya pada suatu garis lintang geografis tertentu di permukaan bumi ini. Perbedaan iklim yang ada di belahan bumi ini ikut mempengaruhi perbedaan karakter / ciri khas dari arsitektur bangunan masing-masing wilayah yang dibagi atas empat (4) wilayah iklim. Sehingga mengakibatkan manusia merancang bangunannya sebagai tempat hunian, aktivitas / kerja dan lain-lain harus seiring bahkan memanfaatkan kondisi alam dan iklim agar memperoleh kenyamanan yang thermal. Iklim memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar bagi bentuk arsitektur suatu bangunan. Bentuk bangunan di suatu wilayah tidak akan sama, sekalipun bangunan tersebut berada di dalam satu kawasan pembagian iklim. Namun, jika ditinjau secara klimatik bentuk arsitektur suatu bangunan akan sama prinsipnya untuk satu kawasan pembagian iklim. Hal ini diakibatkan karena bentuk bangunan yang seiring dengan kondisi alam, matahari, angin, cuaca bahkan iklim yang ada di wilayah tersebut. Iklim juga berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan bahan bangunan dan berpengaruh juga terhadap penggunaan teknologi pada suatu konstruksi bangunan. Oleh sebabnya itu, teknologi produksi dalam dunia konstruksi dan material sangat berkembang dengan pesat seiring dengan berkembangnya penggunaan bahan / material suatu bangunan.

- by Mohammad Imran
- •
- Material Architecture