Media Innovation Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Abstract: We conducted a survey of radio station program directors and general managers to explore the perception and role of innovation within radio programming and the key factors that influence this perception. In the study, we found... more

Abstract: We conducted a survey of radio station program directors and general managers to explore the perception and role of innovation within radio programming and the key factors that influence this perception. In the study, we found that, in general, programmers and general managers perceive little innovation in programming except at their own stations. Results also indicate perceptions that more risk taking is needed in radio programming, that risk taking is essential for the financial health of a station, that increased artist diversity and an innovative music rotation influence the perception of innovation at the station level, and that too many commercials are being placed within an average hour of programming.
Citation: Owens, J., & Dillman Carpentier, F. (2004). Radio station innovation and risk-taking: A survey of programmers and general managers. International Journal on Media Management, 6, 226-234.

This research explores the present status of the CR in India in the initial sections. But the main focus has been given on the innovative practices of the community radios scattered in nook and corner of the country. Emphasis has also... more

This research explores the present status of the CR in India in the initial sections. But the main focus has been given on the innovative practices of the community radios scattered in nook and corner of the country. Emphasis has also given to classify the possible innovations in the sector and a list of areas on innovation has been identified. This endeavor would open up new paths to create a robust community radio environment in the country. Dutta, A. (2014). Innovations in Community Radio: With special reference to India. Retrieved from Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India website: http://mib.nic.in

The notion of embeddedness, as it was first introduced into economics and economical sociology, refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic factors. In this paper, I argue that the process of... more

The notion of embeddedness, as it was first introduced into economics and economical sociology, refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic factors. In this paper, I argue that the process of digitalization is similarly embedded within non-technological contexts. Digitalization is further a historical process, whose outcome is also the result of actions, decisions and events in the past, as highlighted by terms such as path dependence and lock-in. The notion of embeddedness functions as a starting point for the analysis of digitalization processes, especially as they are played out in media industry contexts. Drawing on examples from my PhD project on digitalization in the Norwegian book industry (Colbjørnsen, 2014), I present a framework model of Embedded Digitalization (ED), which includes elements from the institutional context such as the structure and dynamics of industry and organizations, features of market and policy, as well as technological aspects. Besides arguing for the relevance of embeddedness as a useful concept in media studies, the paper also presents a discussion and definition of the concepts digitization and digitalization, often used interchangeably. The paper is mainly a theoretical contribution, but is grounded in real-life contexts from case studies in media and book industry innovation. After a short introduction to various theories of technological change, the paper presents different understandings of digitalization, before moving on to the concept of embeddedness and finally merging these in the framework dubbed embedded digitalization. By broadening the concept and placing digitalization within an institutional context, I hope to contribute to a more focused discourse on digital developments. In my thesis (Colbjørnsen, 2014), this takes the form of several analyses of actual digitalization processes in book publishing, where I argue that a purely technical outlook on digital publishing (conversion, sampling, quantization, compression etc.) fails to capture how digital publishing connects with, among other things, historical processes in the book industry, changes in the status of the book as an object, continuities of design, marketing and usage, political struggles over legitimacy and several other broader issues. Please note that the paper is based on a thesis under consideration by the doctoral committee and should not be cited from. As the concept has only been applied empirically to digitalization in the book industry, its wider applicability needs to be tested.

The chapter discusses the characteristics of audiovisual (AV) media sectors in the Baltic Sea region. Therein it focuses on the specifics of media indus- tries in small countries in the region as they are challenged in ways notably... more

The chapter discusses the characteristics of audiovisual (AV) media sectors in the Baltic Sea region. Therein it focuses on the specifics of media indus- tries in small countries in the region as they are challenged in ways notably different from large countries with large domestic markets for media con- tent. It discusses the differences between the AV media industries in the Nordic and Baltic countries and suggests that while in the first case long- term welfare society policies and conscious policy-driven system building have conditioned growth and international success then also in the second case innovation policy rationales have facilitated recent growth and dynam- ics. It then discusses the specific challenges, especially platformisation to small media industries in contemporary globalising media markets, and suggests that opportunities to resist these challenges may be in local inter- sectoral cooperation, that is, in building cross-innovation systems.

With the transition towards digital television, users are believed to have more control, which could lead to disruptive changes in the television business model. Advertisers and media planners are challenged to find new ways to reach... more

With the transition towards digital television, users are believed to have more control, which could lead to disruptive changes in the television business model. Advertisers and media planners are challenged to find new ways to reach their target audience, taking into account the possibilities that digital television offers to users, broadcasters and distributors. Digital television can thus be seen as an innovation not only for users but also for advertisers and other players within the television sector. This chapter discusses the challenges for different actors in the TV value network due to digitalisation, referring to issues of convergence, specialisation of media, differentiation of audiences and increased user control. Focus is particularly placed on the TV advertising sector and its role in the value network for commercial television. What are the main characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of advertising on digital television? These questions are answered through interviews with experts in the Flemish TV advertising sector.

This article focuses on the historical roots of pornography in different media. Theoretically, it is built upon the premise that there is a substantial and persistent audience demand for sexually explicit content and that new technologies... more

This article focuses on the historical roots of pornography in different media. Theoretically, it is built upon the premise that there is a substantial and persistent audience demand for sexually explicit content and that new technologies have helped to overcome traditional hindrances often associated with accessing, producing and distributing this kind of material. We aim to go beyond a simple technological deterministic approach and focus on both user and supply side. The development from early printing to the development of photography and moving pictures in the 19th century and 20th century media innovation developments will be tracked. Cases will be used to demonstrate the ways porn and adult content has been commodified from naughty pictures and stories for few into a global industry that serves mass audiences across a number of media formats. The commodification of pornographic content in mass media formats is also developing earnings logics and business models of its own. The article will draw attention to the consumers’ relationship to the market and industry practices that are particular to adult content businesses. Finally, it will illuminate how attitudes, legal and moral issues in relation to the content itself have shifted; making room for development of business practices that reveal important aspects in relation to privacy, marketing strategies, monetary transactions, technological and cross media innovations in a market economy.

Esta pesquisa parte do surgimento, retomada e revitalização de laboratórios de mídia em todo o mundo (PLOHMAN; BUTCHER, 2010; SALAVERRÍA, 2015; TANAKA, 2011) para investigar a inovação midiática, particularmente a jornalística, em... more

Esta pesquisa parte do surgimento, retomada e revitalização de laboratórios de mídia em todo o mundo (PLOHMAN; BUTCHER, 2010; SALAVERRÍA, 2015; TANAKA, 2011) para investigar a inovação midiática, particularmente a jornalística, em contexto experimental. Para tanto, endereça os seguintes problemas de pesquisa: qual o contexto de emergência e as características dos media labs focados em mídia e/ou jornalismo?; quais as premissas dos processos de inovação destes laboratórios?; quais as características da inovação em mídia e/ou jornalismo em contexto experimental a partir da percepção dos líderes destes media labs?; e finalmente, quais as características da inovação em mídia, particularmente às relacionadas à indústria do jornalismo, em contexto experimental a partir destes laboratórios? Autores como Lavine and Wackman (1988), Fergusson (1991), Lindmark et al., (2013), Storsul e Krumsvik (2013) e Dogruel (2013; 2014; 2015) contribuem com particularidades já mapeadas da inovação midiática e jornalística. A relação com o jornalismo tem como base autores como Deuze (2008), Boczkowski (2005), Salaverría (2015), García-Avilés et al., (2019) e Posetti (2018). Do ponto de vista empírico, esta investigação parte da construção de um banco de dados de media labs, de questionário com líderes destes laboratórios e da análise documental de seus projetos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em colaboração com a World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), através do Global Alliance for Media Innovation (GAMI) e identificou 123 laboratórios ativos com predominância na América Latina, América do Norte e Europa. Ainda, contou com a participação de 54 líderes de media labs, de 15 países. Como resultado, a tese propõe a emergência de quatro tipos de inovação midiáticas: (1) Inovação Criativa: essencialmente criativa-intelectual, impactando exclusivamente o conteúdo/narrativa jornalística e consumo; (2) Inovação reflexiva: organizacional ou de processo sem mediação tecnológica; (3) Inovação exploratória:
apropriação de tecnologias para produção, distribuição e/ou consumo, e (4) Inovação Generativa: desenvolvimento e implementação de inovação funcional para produção, distribuição e/ou consumo. Ainda, defende que a inovação midiática, particularmente a jornalística, demanda eixos específicos de análise que partem de cinco dimensões: (1) pressupostos da inovação, (2) iniciativa inovadora, (3) cultura organizacional e estrutura (4) apropriação da inovação e (5) contribuição/resultados.

‘Transmedia’ refers to a storyworld that occurs on multiple platforms where each component text makes a “distinct and valuable contribution to the whole”. In much of the practitioner discussion about transmedia storytelling, the... more

‘Transmedia’ refers to a storyworld that occurs on multiple platforms where each component text makes a “distinct and valuable contribution to the whole”. In much of the practitioner discussion about transmedia storytelling, the attraction to audiences of transmedia products is taken for granted. In the present paper I ask: what is the respective value of a transmedia offering to the audience and to the originator? A review of diverse literatures shows that while transmedia audience engagement strategies largely seek to elicit fanlike behaviors entailing psychological investment and social involvement in 'spreading', distributing, commenting on, and creating media content, this is also true of less complex media products. It is a challenge to design transmedia products that appeal to audiences with very different propensities to engage, and although transmedia-enabled scope economies are attractive, they seem to be more accessible to larger than smaller firms.

The second wave of Internet development (2000-2015) that enabled the app economy and mobile revolution is moving into the third wave of exponential connectivity era (2016- ) of Internet of Things, in which big data and algorithmic logic... more

The second wave of Internet development (2000-2015) that enabled the app economy and mobile revolution is moving into the third wave of exponential connectivity era (2016- ) of Internet of Things, in which big data and algorithmic logic are taking the lead to help us deal with the uncertainty and our disoriented or “tribal” relationship to “truth seeking”.
Major legacy media such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, The Guardian and innovative journalism scaling up startups such as Quartz, Vox, ProPublica and BuzzFeed are investing in data-first, story-centric, computational journalism approaches, in search of providing more accuracy, more transparency and deeper engagement with the communities or audiences they aim to serve. Algorithms and automation are trusted to manage and correlate data, hard science facts and information, to provide context, understanding, to tell stories that matter. All embedded in big data.
In this paper we present our work in progress of an ethnographic qualitative research, taking as case studies two data-led newsrooms in the US, where there is a very strong and influential data journalism community of scholars and media professionals.
We aim to shed a close-up light on how the organizational context of data journalism production impacts the evolution of two data-led newsrooms, taking the cases of one leading legacy organization (MarketWatch) and one digital-native, data-led by design organization (Quartz), focusing on their data- driven news work-flows, collaborations and challenges between journalists and data editors to produce data storytelling, and possible newsroom redesigns to mirror new data-led priorities and role dynamics.
We conclude with presenting two different newsroom models and work-flows, one data- “centric” and one data-“remote” model followed by some suggestions for future research and some thoughts on the new challenges ahead in a rich interconnected data-immersed society and humanity.

Este libro recoge una serie de contribuciones al XXIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Periodística. La conversación del Congreso giró en torno a tres temas de debate: a) producción de contenidos y nuevas narrativas, b) canales de... more

Este libro recoge una serie de contribuciones al XXIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Periodística. La conversación del Congreso giró en torno a tres temas de debate: a) producción de contenidos y nuevas narrativas, b) canales de distribución, redes sociales y audiencias activas, y c) modelos de negocio y vías de innovación en el sector. En la línea de Producción de contenidos y nuevas narrativas, se abordó la importancia de los Datos Masivos como fenómeno sociocultural, las aportaciones de la realidad virtual al periodismo, el diseño de la prensa gratuita digital en los dispositivos móviles, la aplicación de las narrativas inmersivas en reportajes, casos exitosos del uso de narrativas transmedia y periodismo móvil, la gamificación del contenido periodístico para favorecer el engagement o el papel de los laboratorios de periodismo en España. En lo referente a los canales de distribución, redes sociales y audiencias activas, se abordó el consumo de noticias online en España: temáticas, formatos e itinerarios de acceso, la innovación radiofónica en las pantallas a través de las aplicaciones de las principales cadenas, cómo medir el valor aportado por el consumidor a las marcas periodísticas y el uso de bots como servicio de noticias. Con respecto a los modelos de negocio y vías de innovación en el sector, se debatió sobre las metodologías para determinar si una idea es innovadora y permite un desarrollo emprendedor, el capital social como arma defensiva ante grandes plataformas como Facebook y Google, la participación del usuario desde el crowdfunding a la distribución social de los contenidos y las estrategias de innovación en la radio deportiva.

Both culture coverage and digital journalism are contemporary phenomena that have undergone several transformations within a short period of time. Whenever the media enters a period of uncertainty such as the present one, there is an... more

Both culture coverage and digital journalism are contemporary phenomena that have undergone several transformations within a short period of time. Whenever the media enters a period of uncertainty such as the present one, there is an attempt to innovate in order to seek sustainability, skip the crisis or find a new public. This indicates that there are new trends to be understood and explored, i.e., how are media innovating in a digital environment?
Not only does the professional debate about the future of journalism justify the need to explore the issue, but so do the academic approaches to cultural journalism. However, none of the studies so far have considered innovation as a motto or driver and tried to explain how the media are covering culture, achieving sustainability and engaging with the readers in a digital environment.
This research examines how European media which specialize in culture or have an important cultural section are innovating in a digital environment. Specifically, we see how these innovation strategies are being taken in relation to the approach to culture and dominant cultural areas, editorial models, the use of digital tools for telling stories, overall brand positioning and extensions, engagement with the public and business models.
We conducted a mixed methods study combining case studies of four media projects, which integrates qualitative web features and content analysis, with quantitative web content analysis. Two major general-interest journalistic brands which started as physical newspapers – The Guardian (London, UK) and Público (Lisbon, Portugal) – a magazine specialized in international affairs, culture and design – Monocle (London, UK) – and a native digital media project that was launched by a cultural organization – Notodo, by La Fábrica – were the four case studies chosen.
Findings suggest, on one hand, that we are witnessing a paradigm shift in culture coverage in a digital environment, challenging traditional boundaries related to cultural themes and scope, angles, genres, content format and delivery, engagement and business models. Innovation in the four case studies lies especially along the product dimensions (format and content), brand positioning and process (business model and ways to engage with users). On the other hand, there are still perennial values that are crucial to innovation and sustainability, such as commitment to journalism, consistency (to the reader, to brand extensions and to the advertiser),
intelligent differentiation and the capability of knowing what innovation means and how it can be applied, since this thesis also confirms that one formula doesn´t suit all. Changing minds, exceeding cultural inertia and optimizing the memory of the websites, looking at them as living, organic bodies, which continuously interact with the readers in many different ways, and not as a closed collection of articles, are still the main challenges for some media.

Innovation is about change, and media products and services are changing. The processes of production and distribution of media are changing. The ownership and financing of media are changing. The roles of users are changing. And our... more

A Tese investiga a crescente inserção do conceito de inovação na prática jornalística, refletindo sobre o fenômeno das startups, organizações de pequeno porte voltadas à geração de produtos e serviços inovadores. No jornalismo,... more

A Tese investiga a crescente inserção do conceito de inovação na prática jornalística, refletindo sobre o fenômeno das startups, organizações de pequeno porte voltadas à geração de produtos e serviços inovadores. No jornalismo, correspondem a um rearranjo das estruturas de produção e das formas de trabalho, caracterizadas por rompimentos, mas também por continuidades. Assume-se como hipótese que as startups são um espaço de maior liberdade para experimentação de novas práticas. Na busca por estabelecer novos vínculos com as audiências, mantêm e atualizam a legitimidade do jornalismo como mediador privilegiado na construção dos relatos sobre os acontecimentos sociais. Se por um lado, o empreendedorismo emergente visa atender anseios por inovação, autonomia editorial e independência econômica, por outro, também colabora para a reprodução de modos de tratar a informação ancorados em estatutos e retóricas do jornalismo que não são revistos ou questionados pelos profissionais. A partir de uma ampla revisão teórica de estudos sobre inovação nas áreas da Comunicação e da Economia e no campo do jornalismo, sistematizamos quatro categorias aplicadas na investigação das startups brasileiras: inovação em produto, inovação em processos e organização produtiva, inovação em estratégias comerciais e modelo de financiamento e inovação social. Aplicamos essas categorias em duas etapas distintas e complementares desta pesquisa. Na primeira fase, associamos a categoria inovação em produto aos estudos de Enquadramento (Framing Analysis) para uma análise comparativa das coberturas jornalísticas sobre a votação do processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff realizada por dois veículos nativos dos meios digitais: o portal G1, do Grupo Globo, reconhecido como o portal noticioso da maior organização de mídia do país, e o Nexo Jornal, que em sua proposta afirma expressar abordagens inovadoras dos fatos. Nesse estudo comparativo, identificamos aproximações e semelhanças entre os modos de construção de conteúdos noticiosos e atribuição de sentidos aos acontecimentos. No segundo momento de nossa pesquisa aplicamos as outras três categorias na análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas com jornalistas que atuam em dez startups brasileiras: Nexo Jornal, Agência Lupa, Agência Pública, Amazônia Legal, Farol Jornalismo, JOTA, Outra Cidade, Por dentro da África, Projeto Colabora e Projeto Draft, com o intuito de compreender os modos como promovem inovações em sua estrutura produtiva e organizacional, em seus modelos de financiamento e em seus relacionamentos com os públicos. Identificamos que os jornalistas se empenham no desenvolvimento de modelos de financiamento sustentáveis, para especializarem-se em segmentos de mercado e modos processuais e produzir enquadramentos alternativos àqueles dos meios hegemônicos. De tal modo, esta pesquisa procura contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das reconfigurações do jornalismo contemporâneo, focalizando o fenômeno das startups jornalísticas

La industria mediática está inmersa en un proceso de constante cambio. Las empresas informativas deben adaptarse a las nuevas tecnologías y hábitos de consumo. Sin embargo, las grandes infraestructuras y la rigidez de los procesos y... more

La industria mediática está inmersa en un proceso de constante cambio. Las empresas informativas deben adaptarse a las nuevas tecnologías y hábitos de consumo. Sin embargo, las grandes infraestructuras y la rigidez de los procesos y mentalidades en la mayoría de medios dificultan esta adaptación y dejan espacio para nuevos actores innovadores y flexibles: las startups. En este artículo se emplea el método del estudio de casos para analizar cuatro iniciativas en el ámbito español, Politibot, Cuonda, Datadista y Newskid. Se emplean cuestionarios realizados a sus fundadores y al estudio del alcance de los proyectos mediante documentación. Se aprecia que estas empresas apuestan por explorar nuevos formatos, canales de distribución y vías de ingreso mediante el uso de la tecnología y dirigen sus esfuerzos a nichos temáticos. Se realza así la importancia de la flexibilidad, la mentalidad abierta y los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinares.

Innovation is about change, and media products and services are changing. The processes of production and distribution of media are changing. The ownership and financing of media are changing. The roles of users are changing. And our... more

Innovation is about change, and media products and services are changing. The processes of production and distribution of media are changing. The ownership and financing of media are changing. The roles of users are changing. And our ideas about media are changing. This book argues that innovation theory provides better tools for media researchers who wish to understand and explain current developments in the media landscape – tools that not only allow them to see completely new things, but also to investigate aspects of new media that would otherwise not be as accessible. The various chapters of the book present selected studies that together illustrate how a more explicit focus on innovation and innovation theory can provide new insights into and generates knowledge about how media innova-tions develop, the sociocultural conditions of such innovations, the role of technology, and power relations in media developments.

Nowadays, new media generate new models of cultural production. In order to determine their potential and effectiveness, the issues of its innovation need to be taken into account. The aim of this article has been to look at the culture... more

Nowadays, new media generate new models of cultural production. In order to determine their potential and effectiveness, the issues of its innovation need to be taken into account. The aim of this article has been to look at the culture management through the prism of a cultural product, namely to capture the essence of innovation management
of a new media product. It is assumed that the cultural development results partly from the development of specific products. Culture exhibits commercial aspects, hence it is reasonable to consider the problems of its innovation. The problematic nature of the indicated permanent creativity of the cultural sector (especially the media sector), and
implicitly its innovation, shall be suspended on the assumption that innovation takes place when invention is being commercialised.
In the first place, based on the critical analysis of the existing findings, the specific nature of a cultural product and its specific example - media product - will be determined.
Then, product innovation, which stresses the so far overlooked product's performative aspect, will be defined. Thanks to the analysis that assumes a gradual transition from the most general to the more and more detailed issues, the emphasis will be put on the complexity of the phenomenon and the numerous contexts that should be included in the research, in order to capture the innovative cultural mechanism. The
above-mentioned findings will allow the elements of the media product innovation model to be determined, which has been our methodological goal. As a result of metatheoretical analyses of the current interdisciplinary research achievements, located at the crossroads of various disciplines and areas of cultural practice, media product innovation matrix will be created.
New media will constitute the subject of our detailed research and simultaneously will serve as a test for the developed tool. For the pilot analysis, Kontakt24.pl and innovations introduced to the website during its redesign in 2014 were selected. The analysis was carried out in the context of the hybrid, technological and content nature of media
product.

La transferencia de conocimientos fluida es indispensable para la reproducción de las mejores prácticas y la potenciación de los resultados en las organizaciones. En la industria mediática, considerada de alto riesgo, el proceso es... more

La transferencia de conocimientos fluida es indispensable para la reproducción de las mejores prácticas y la potenciación de los resultados en las organizaciones. En la industria mediática, considerada de alto riesgo, el proceso es esencial, pues permite que la cultura de las compañías se impregne de carácter innovador y los trabajadores entiendan la necesidad de adaptarse al constante cambio. En este artículo se emplea la observación no participante y las entrevistas con los responsables de cuatro organizaciones periodísticas españolas —El Confidencial,Vocento, Civio y WeblogsSL— para explorar qué importancia conceden a la transferencia, qué métodos emplean para permitirla y qué obstáculos y potenciadores encuentran en el proceso. Se comprueba que, tanto los métodos como los condicionantes para la transferencia de los casos estudiados —como la carga de trabajo, la utilidad atribuida a los conocimientos y la confianza entre el emisor y el receptor— coinciden con los de otras industrias a nivel internacional.

Purpose: Journalistic startups are thriving around the world, bringing new approaches to the news media environment in terms of concepts, contents, dissemination, internal organization, and business models. This research is relevant to... more

Purpose: Journalistic startups are thriving around the world, bringing new approaches to the news media environment in terms of concepts, contents, dissemination, internal organization, and business models. This research is relevant to create a prospective view on the evolution of the news media business in the next years, also allowing us to identify some trends and experiences which can be useful to future researchers work, and for professionals of news media companies, startups or not, to get some insights that might help to develop (or even save) their own businesses. Methodology: Through semi-structured interviews with the editorial managers of each of the research subjects, we tried to understand the genesis, concepts, processes, and goals of these startups. We made a thematic analysis of the content, using an adapted version of the IPTC NewsCodes, to understand the editorial approach in terms of Genre, Subject, Media Topic, Media, and Priority in each of the publication platform. To better understand the business, we did a business model mapping, using the Business Model Canvas conceptual tool, for all the subjects. Findings/Contribution: The main findings indicate that all the startups in this research started through the identification of a problem or a need, within a small group of friends or colleagues. They all try to fit into a niche and not compete with legacy media, and search for alternative financing sources. All the teams are small, produce mainly long form reporting and interviews, and use mostly written text-but video tends to grow in volume. All the subjects work for niche audiences, by location or interests. These results contribute to create a structured and broader view of the journalistic startups scene in Portugal, but can also help other researchers to apply similar methods to map different realities, in geographical or thematical terms. This research can also contribute to better understanding the challenges that digital news media face in this networked society we live in.

El ecosistema periodístico afronta la aparición de tecnologías y plataformas disruptivas que dificultan su supervivencia en un escenario donde la producción, las audiencias y los modelos de negocio cambian constantemente. Existe el... more

El ecosistema periodístico afronta la aparición de tecnologías y plataformas disruptivas que dificultan su supervivencia en un escenario donde la producción, las audiencias y los modelos de negocio cambian constantemente. Existe el consenso de que la innovación es el recurso necesario para superar estos retos. En este artículo analizamos cómo se origina, se desarrolla y se implanta la innovación en los cibermedios desde la perspectiva de los periodistas. Metodología. La investigación se apoya en 26 entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales de una muestra de medios representativa, a lo largo de 2016. Resultados. Los resultados del trabajo de campo abordan el origen y el concepto de innovación, el tipo de innovaciones implementadas en los medios, la organización y los perfiles profesionales. Para los entrevistados, la innovación debe ser "nueva" y tener "éxito", obedece al deseo de "experimentar", debe aportar "algo diferente" en el entorno y proviene de la capacidad de "anticiparse a los retos". La tecnología ocupa un papel relevante y transversal. Los periodistas también valoran las competencias de tipo procedimental, cognoscitivo y actitudinal en la práctica innovadora. Conclusiones. Los profesionales son una fuente clave para conocer los cambios del sector periodístico, porque su visión ayuda a profundizar en áreas de la innovación que suelen quedarse al margen de la perspectiva académica.

The main focus of this paper is the analysis on how social business recent management proposals fit to a media/journalistic business environment. The discussion was based on three research questions focusing on: the drivers and the... more

The main focus of this paper is the analysis on how social business recent management proposals fit to a media/journalistic business environment. The discussion was based on three research questions focusing on: the drivers and the constraints of disruption innovation strategies; the adequate social business design framework to promote innovation; and an evaluation over the practices/experiences related to disruption, innovation, and creativity in journalistic businesses. A conceptual framework the Latour/Law Actor-Network Theory (ANT) has been taken as. Six possible dimensions of action to make this framework valuable some successful practices have also been identified, and in this paper the authors view over these concepts. The main conclusion goes through the understanding of journalistic culture and legitimacy embedded for centuries over society, and to change this will depend on multiple enablers.

This report is the third of the 2019 series covering Trends in Newsrooms. It reflects the increasing establishment of media labs, worldwide, to help solve some of the pressing problems facing newsrooms and media organisations.It will... more

This report is the third of the 2019 series covering Trends in Newsrooms. It reflects the increasing establishment of media labs, worldwide, to help solve some of the pressing problems facing newsrooms and media organisations.It will provide guidance to anyone considering setting up a lab and an insight into some of the outputs achieved. The report is based on four years of research on Media Labs conducted by a range of partners. Supported by WAN-IFRA’s Global Alliance for Media Innovation, this investigation was produced by a core research team from Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan).

This paper explores how innovation emerges in the media through the views of journalists who are leading the process of newsroom change in Spain. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 20 journalists working in some of... more

This paper explores how innovation emerges in the media through the views of journalists who are leading the process of newsroom change in Spain. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 20 journalists working in some of the most innovative outlets, according to the 2014 Index of Journalism Innovation in Spain (García-Avilés, Carvajal-Prieto, De Lara-González, & Arias-Robles, 2018). The results highlight the importance of innovations in content production, internal organization, distribution, and commercialization as the drivers of change in the media industry. Our study also reveals several factors that shape both the practice and implementation of innovations in newsrooms. We draw on these factors to outline a model of diffusion of media innovation.

The emergence of digital media has brought on the disruption of industries in contemporary society. Rather than abate, evidences in the literature suggest the gale of disruption will only increase over time. For traditional industries... more

The emergence of digital media has brought on the disruption of industries in contemporary society. Rather than abate, evidences in the literature suggest the gale of disruption will only increase over time. For traditional industries like the printing industry, there have been transformations leading to changes of business models and strategies. This paper examines the effect of digital media on the printing industry in Nigeria and suggests the adoption of the Digital Business Strategy (DBS) as a means of transforming the nation's printing industry from a craft-based manufacturing industry to a communications service industry. It is argued that the digitization of print production workflows is not enough; printing companies in Nigeria need to develop their innovation capabilities through a workforce development scheme that places high premium on digital innovation and consumer innovation. Since workforce capabilities translate to firm's innovation performance and productivity, a focus on workforce development in Nigeria's printing industry from the standpoint of media innovation research is proposed.

Hiring decisions can be risky. How much can employers save by better understanding the motivations and objectives of each applicant? How much time and expertise should be invested in getting to know each applicant? Will such efforts... more

Hiring decisions can be risky. How much can employers save by better understanding the motivations and objectives of each applicant? How much time and expertise should be invested in getting to know each applicant? Will such efforts raise the return on investment? What are the shortcomings and deficits of the criteria to evaluate, compare and rank applicants? How do they need to get changed to reflect the shift in the relative order of job skills between employees when the composition of the team (total of all employees) changes by hiring, firing or replacing? A job description combines tasks and steps to a random set of job responsibilities. But could there be better ways to bundle tasks together and to look for the most qualified applicant for this particular arbitrarily defined task bundle? Could the employer benefit from regrouping all small tasks, which a company must perform, by changing which and how many small job tasks will be bundled together in different job descriptions? And if so, how can reassigning each little tasks from different jobs to the most suitable employee (task-centered approach) instead of looking for the most qualified applicant for a particular job (job-centered approach) help in improving productivity and profitability? How and why will the new task-centered approach help to increase the workforce diversity more than the job-centered approach? How can reassigning tasks help disabled and handicapped lacking essential job functions to get hired anyways? How can employers benefit from not only looking for the most qualified applicant for any particular job (i.e. arbitrarily bundle of tasks and steps) Why does the task-centered based hiring decision benefit employees, employees, applicants and disabled job-seekers more than job-centered based hiring decisions? What are the benefits to seek the best employee for each task (task-centered) instead of the most qualified applicant for a particular job? How can employers benefit from a paradigm shift replacing the job-centered with the task-centered hiring perspective? How can the multi-dimensional effects, which different combinations of employees (i.e. teams) on the overall productivity and profitability be measured? How much welfare and unemployment benefits could be saved if employers were aware of the additional benefits when making task or employee based hiring decisions instead of exclusively looking for the most qualified applicant? How can reassigning job-tasks to different employees help applicants to become the most qualified job-seeker despite lacking essential job functions? How could employers be convinced that they'd benefit most from reassigning tasks from different jobs to the employee most qualified for a particular task instead of only looking for the best applicant for a particular job consisting of an arbitrary bundle of tasks?

This paper is about the relationship between collective memory and innovation processes. It asks the following questions. What is the role of collective memory in the evolutionary dynamics of technology-intense media forms? How does it... more

This paper is about the relationship between collective memory and innovation processes. It asks the following questions. What is the role of collective memory in the evolutionary dynamics of technology-intense media forms? How does it create a balance between order and disruption and lead to both continuities and discontinuities in media and their productive cultures? How, on the one hand, does it preserve order in production systems that are engaged with the new media development? On the other hand, how does it evoke disruptions that destroy the existing order within systems and establish new points of equilibrium? In order to broaden our understanding of these dynamics of the interdependencies between collective memory and media innovation, this paper suggests the need for further cooperation between these respective domains of academic research.

La consolidación de internet como "medio de medios" ha transformado el ecosistema informativo en la Sociedad Red, modificando la economía, la política, la cultura, el ocio y la esfera pública (Castells, 1997). A su vez, millones de... more

La consolidación de internet como "medio de medios" ha transformado el ecosistema informativo en la Sociedad Red, modificando la economía, la política, la cultura, el ocio y la esfera pública (Castells, 1997). A su vez, millones de comunicadores se conectan a una Red cada vez más tupida, hasta alcanzar dimensiones globales. La comunicación en red diluye las fronteras: cualquier incidente puede desencadenar repercusiones internacionales, como hemos comprobado con la muerte de Fidel Castro, elección de Donald Trump en EE.UU., el referéndum sobre el proceso de paz en Colombia o el triunfo del " Brexit " en Reino Unido. En la Sociedad Red surge un modelo comunicativo caracterizado por múltiples actores que interactúan desde cualquier punto con feedback en tiempo real; medios y usuarios se comunican en un flujo constante, y el mensaje se configura en torno a los individuos (García Avilés, 2016). Los profesionales comparten la esfera comunicativa con blogueros, usuarios de las redes sociales y creadores multimedia en un entorno líquido, donde los medios de comunicación han perdido el monopolio de la producción y distribución de contenidos.

Amid growing calls for greater collaboration between journalism and computer programming, this article examines a salient case study that reveals processes of communication, exchange, and work production at the intersection of these... more

Amid growing calls for greater collaboration between journalism and computer programming, this article examines a salient case study that reveals processes of communication, exchange, and work production at the intersection of these social and occupational worlds. We focus on a key stage of the Knight-Mozilla News Technology partnership – namely, an online 'Learning Lab' through which 60 individuals sought to coordinate around a shared interest in the innovation of journalism through open-source software. Drawing on the science and technology studies concepts of trading zones and boundary objects, we explore how distinct understandings about news and technology converged, diverged, and ultimately blended around three thematic ambitions: making news more process-oriented, participatory, and socially curated. This window onto boundary negotiations in journalism provides a glimpse into the future development of news and its norms and values, as programmers and their ethics assume a greater role in the journalistic field – in the very heart of some of its leading institutions.

Der Artikel argumentiert für die Analyse des Medienwandels als innovationsgetriebenem, koevolutionärem Prozess unter den Bedingungen von Komplexität. Mit dieser Kombination aus Innovations-, Ko-Evolutions-und Komplexitätsansätzen lassen... more

Der Artikel argumentiert für die Analyse des Medienwandels als innovationsgetriebenem, koevolutionärem Prozess unter den Bedingungen von Komplexität. Mit dieser Kombination aus Innovations-, Ko-Evolutions-und Komplexitätsansätzen lassen sich veränderte und zusätzliche Erkenntnisse zu Triebkräften, Verlauf, Folgen und Steuerbarkeit des Medienwandels erzielen. Sie liefert grundlegende Muster für ein besseres Verständnis von Veränderungsprozessen und ermöglicht die differenzierte Integration technischer Innovationen in das Gesamtbild des Medienwandels. Gleichzeitig verändern sich damit die Einschätzungen der Rahmenbedingungen für Steuerungsversuche und in der Folge die Richtlinien für kommunikationspolitische undökonomische Strategien. Nach der Darlegung des Analyseansatzes folgen erläuternde Aspekte zur Ko-Evolution des Internets. Abschließend werden beispielhaft Implikationen für Medienökonomie und-politik aufgezeigt und Schlussfolgerungen für eine integrative Theorie des Medienwandels gezogen. * Ich danke Johannes M. Bauer, Natascha Just, Katharina Hollnbuchner und drei anonymen Gutachtern für wertvolle Kommentare.

Estonia is recognised for its optimism with regard to ICTs – the country has benchmarking online services and the number of start-ups per inhabitant is the highest in Europe. The ways this enthusiasm is translated into its audiovisual... more

Estonia is recognised for its optimism with regard to ICTs – the country has benchmarking online services and the number of start-ups per inhabitant is the highest in Europe. The ways this enthusiasm is translated into its audiovisual policy is the topic of this paper. Estonia’s internal market for audiovisual services is very small and this limits the degrees of freedom for its institutional actors – commercial broadcasters do not drive market innovation. Yet, the responsibility of PSBs for innovation coordination is not recognised in Estonia’s policy frameworks. In contrast, many new initiatives are funded that are aimed at supporting the cooperation of the AV industry’s SMEs with ICT sector. Such initiatives rely on the hope for scalable returns to national GDP rather than generating diversity in media. Yet, these measures suffer from structural constraints that limit the growth of media SMEs in small peripheral countries. The paper raises related issues for both national and European policies.

This article investigates the strategies behind the production of crossmedia content at Eesti Rahvusringhääling (ERR), Estonia’s public broadcaster. The empirical work that supports its analytic objectives consists of multiple... more

This article investigates the strategies behind the production of crossmedia content at Eesti Rahvusringhääling (ERR), Estonia’s public broadcaster. The empirical work that supports its analytic objectives consists of multiple methodologically varying sub-studies: a textual analysis of ERR’s existing online presence and crossmedia content; 32 semi-structured interviews with its various top- and mid-level managers; and a documentary analysis of its associated strategies, guidelines, and communications. The paper suggests that, despite ERR’s advanced presence on digital platforms, it notably lacks a more comprehensive strategy for crossmedia content production and for achieving better inter-organisational cooperation that would enable new production processes. Although a few more advanced crossmedia productions have taken place, these have tended to emerge ad hoc – out of initiatives from individual employees. The article, however, suggests that, despite the current lack of an organisational strategy, the experiences acquired by its employees are creating a timely momentum for using interpretative and adaptive approaches to developing its new crossmedia production strategies.

Se analiza la innovación en la organización y en los procesos de trabajo de El confidencial.LAB, un laboratorio creado en 2013 en el seno del mismo periódico nativo digital. La investigación se ha desarrollado a lo largo de 16 meses,... more

Se analiza la innovación en la organización y en los procesos de trabajo de El confidencial.LAB, un laboratorio creado en 2013 en el seno del mismo periódico nativo digital. La investigación se ha desarrollado a lo largo de 16 meses, mediante observación no participante, entrevistas en profundidad con profesionales del laboratorio y un cuestionario cumplimentado por sus integrantes. Los resultados muestran el tipo de innovación generada por El confidencial.LAB en los productos, la organización interna, los flujos de producción, la experiencia de usuario y la comercialización. El trabajo con equipos interdisciplinares, la filosofía del ensayo y error, y del mínimo producto viable, contribuyen al éxito de los procesos productivos y a la rentabilidad económica del medio.

This article investigates business capabilities of Canadian independent television production firms that produce children’s television, an entertainment product area in which Canadian firms have achieved relative success in domestic and... more

This article investigates business capabilities of Canadian
independent television production firms that produce children’s television, an entertainment product area in which Canadian firms have achieved relative success in domestic and international markets. The Canadian independent television production industry is populated by many precarious micro-enterprises. Competition is intense, and the domestic market provides limited opportunities for growth. We use the Davidsson-Klofsten model (2004) of a business platform as a framework for organizing enquiry into the capabilities of eight Canadian producers. The research shows that, contrary to much of what is said about firms that engage in project-based production, firm-level capabilities are critically important, and small organizational size does not necessarily imply small capabilities. Furthermore, among successful independent television production firms, project execution is a taken-for-granted business capability, and is not considered to be the most challenging business capability of the firm.