Pareto Optimality Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In this work both the multimodal hypergraph and the viable hyperpath conceptualizations are presented. The shortest viable hyperpath problem (SVHP) in a multimodal transportation network is defined. We consider a label correcting approach... more

In this work both the multimodal hypergraph and the viable hyperpath conceptualizations are presented. The shortest viable hyperpath problem (SVHP) in a multimodal transportation network is defined. We consider a label correcting approach to find the shortest viable hyperpath from an origin to a destination, for different values of the upper limit of modal transfers. Such hyperpaths compose a Pareto-optimal

As engineering systems grow in complexity, it becomes more challenging to achieve system-level designs that effectively balance the trade-offs among subsystems. Lewis and others have developed a well-known, traditional game-theoretic... more

As engineering systems grow in complexity, it becomes more challenging to achieve system-level designs that effectively balance the trade-offs among subsystems. Lewis and others have developed a well-known, traditional game-theoretic approach for formally modeling complex systems that can locate a Nash equilibrium design with a minimum of information sharing in the form of a point design. This paper builds on Lewis' work by proposing algorithms that are capable of converging to Pareto-optimal system-level designs by increasing cooperation among subsystems through additional passed information. This paper investigates several forms for this additional passed information, including both quadratic and eigen-based formulations. Such forms offer guidance to designers on how they should change parameter values to better suit the overall system by providing information on directionality and curvature. Strategies for representing passed information are examined in three case studies of...

This paper integrates elements from the theory of agency, the theory of property rights and the theory of finance to develop a theory of the ownership structure of the firm. We define the concept of agency costs, show its relationship to... more

This paper integrates elements from the theory of agency, the theory of property rights and the theory of finance to develop a theory of the ownership structure of the firm. We define the concept of agency costs, show its relationship to the 'separation and control' issue, investigate the ...

The possibility of a normative theory of proportionality in the implementation of the human rights protection have not to lead to be unaware of the specifics of the legal reasoning. A moral and political philosophy discussion can help the... more

The possibility of a normative theory of proportionality in the implementation of the human rights protection have not to lead to be unaware of the specifics of the legal reasoning. A moral and political philosophy discussion can help the concept's analysis and more particularly the analysis of the concept of proportionality, but the philosophical concept of proportionality is not designed for a substitution for the legal reasoning. The paper criticizes as much the normative analysis of proportionality that regards the rights like values to optimize as the juridical analysis that radicalize a strong opposition between rules and principles.

Toplumdaki iktisadi ve politik aktörler rasyonalite çerçevesinde bireysel faydalarını maksimize etmeye çalışırken çoğu zaman toplumsal fayda maksimize olmamaktadır. Pareto tarafından ortaya atılan ve iktisat literatüründe Pareto... more

Toplumdaki iktisadi ve politik aktörler rasyonalite çerçevesinde bireysel faydalarını maksimize etmeye çalışırken çoğu zaman toplumsal fayda maksimize olmamaktadır. Pareto tarafından ortaya atılan ve iktisat literatüründe Pareto verimliliği, optimum pareto veya pareto optimumu diye ifade edilen terim toplumdaki üretici, tüketici ve faktör sahiplerinden birinin durumunu kötüleşmeden bir başkasınınkinin iyileştirilmesinin mümkün olmadığını ifade etmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle toplumdaki bireylerden en az birinin refahı azaltılmadan diğer bireylerin refahının artırılmasının imkansız olduğunu ve bu seviyenin ise “refah optimum” seviyesi olduğu anlatılmaktadır. Ancak, bu verimlilik her zaman toplumsal açıdan istenilen sonuçları vermez. Uygulaması zor olmasına rağmen, Pareto optimumu siyasette, politik iktisatta, siyasi partilerin ve hükümetlerin programlarında dikkate alınmalıdır. Siyasi partilerin ekonomik, sosyal, politik, kültürel ve diğer alanlarda öncelikleri farklı olsa da “vatandaşın yaşam kalitesinin yükseltilmesi” her siyasi partinin ortak ve birincil amacı olmalıdır. Bu çerçevede, Keynes’den Piketty’e liberallerin büyük bir politika ikilemi göze çarpmaktadır.

Moral error theorists argue that moral thought and discourse are systematically in error, and that nothing is, or can ever be, morally permissible, required or forbidden. I begin by discussing how error theorists arrive at this... more

Moral error theorists argue that moral thought and discourse are systematically in error, and that nothing is, or can ever be, morally permissible, required or forbidden. I begin by discussing how error theorists arrive at this conclusion. I then argue that if we accept a moral error theory, we cannot escape a pressing problem – what should we do next, metaethically speaking? I call this problem the ‘what now?’ problem, or WNP for short. I discuss the attempts others have made to respond to the WNP, and in each case I show that the responses fail to be satisfying. I then propose a new response to the WNP, which I call revolutionary relativism. I define revolutionary relativism, explain why it is preferable to the existing responses to the WNP, and defend it against the most problematic objections I anticipate that opponents might raise. I conclude that revolutionary relativism succeeds where previous WNP responses fail, and that if we accept a moral error theory, we should become revolutionary relativists.

I argue that John Kenneth Galbraith‟s theory of the “dependence effect” in The Affluent Society provides a way to rescue A.C. Pigou‟s argument for wealth redistribution from a powerful objection. The objection is based on the... more

I argue that John Kenneth Galbraith‟s theory of the “dependence effect” in The Affluent Society provides a way to rescue A.C. Pigou‟s argument for wealth redistribution from a powerful objection. The objection is based on the unprovability of statements making interpersonal comparisons of utility. Galbraith‟s dependence effect theory allows him to present a version of the Pigovian argument that requires no such statements to be made. I argue that Galbraith‟s main piece of advocacy in The Affluent Society was for income redistribution, despite the fact that he claimed to be in favour of greater spending in the public sector rather than redistribution as such. I then show how my reading of the dependence effect theory helps to defend it against objections from Hayek and Rothbard. I end by discussing what improvements in economics a proper test of the theory would require and showing how my reading of it helps to reveal the ongoing importance of The Affluent Society to the understanding of political economy.

In this paper, we deal with the solution of the multicriteria shortest path problem. In particular, we present a class of labeling methods to generate the entire set of Pareto-optimal path-length vectors from an origin node s to all other... more

In this paper, we deal with the solution of the multicriteria shortest path problem. In particular, we present a class of labeling methods to generate the entire set of Pareto-optimal path-length vectors from an origin node s to all other nodes in a multicriteria network. The proposed methods are supported theoretically by the principle of optimality and they are defined

In this paper we extend the notion of Pareto efficiency to overlapping generations settings in which fertility decisions are endogenous. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we provide two definitions of Pareto dominance... more

In this paper we extend the notion of Pareto efficiency to overlapping generations settings in which fertility decisions are endogenous. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we provide two definitions of Pareto dominance and, consequently, of Pareto efficiency referred to Millian efficiency and strong efficiency, differing in the treatment of agents that never get to be born. Second, we provide necessary (static) and sufficient (dynamic) conditions to determine whether or not an allocation is Millian efficient. Third, we characterize Millian efficient allocations as the equilibria of a decentralized price mechanism, and enunciate the Fundamental Welfare Theorems in an environment with endogenous fertility.

There has been a considerable body of work on search-based test data generation for branch coverage. However, hitherto, there has been no work on multi-objective branch coverage. In many scenarios a single-objective formulation is... more

There has been a considerable body of work on search-based test data generation for branch coverage. However, hitherto, there has been no work on multi-objective branch coverage. In many scenarios a single-objective formulation is unrealistic; testers will want to find test sets that meet several objectives simultaneously in order to maximize the value obtained from the inherently expensive process of running the test cases and examining the output they produce. This paper introduces multi-objective branch coverage. The paper ...

We consider the problem of how to select an investment project according to a two-criterion technique and illustrate this issue by the transportation-and- logistic center project for the Novosibirsk Oblast. We also analyze how regular the... more

We consider the problem of how to select an investment project according to a two-criterion technique and illustrate this issue by the transportation-and- logistic center project for the Novosibirsk Oblast. We also analyze how regular the investments are made and show the minimal discounted costs and an algorithm and the mechanism to select Parettos optimal investments.

In the framework of finite games in extensive form with perfect information and strict preferences, this paper introduces a new equilibrium concept: the Perfect Prediction Equilibrium (PPE). In the Nash paradigm, rational players consider... more

In the framework of finite games in extensive form with perfect information and strict preferences, this paper introduces a new equilibrium concept: the Perfect Prediction Equilibrium (PPE). In the Nash paradigm, rational players consider that the opponent's strategy is fixed while maximizing their payoff. The PPE, on the other hand, models the behavior of agents with an alternate form of rationality that involves a Stackelberg competition with the past. Agents with this form of rationality integrate in their reasoning that they have such accurate logical and predictive skills, that the world is fully transparent: all players share the same knowledge and know as much as an omniscient external observer. In particular, there is common knowledge of the solution of the game including the reached outcome and the thought process leading to it. The PPE is stable given each player's knowledge of its actual outcome and uses no assumptions at unreached nodes. This paper gives the general definition and construction of the PPE as a fixpoint problem, proves its existence, uniqueness and Pareto optimality, and presents two algorithms to compute it. Finally, the PPE is put in perspective with existing literature (Newcomb's Problem, Superrationality, Nash Equilibrium , Subgame Perfect Equilibrium, Backward Induction Paradox, Forward Induction).