Placemaking Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In her 1984 essay “Trojan Horses: Activist Art and Power” feminist activist and writer Lucy Lippard famously ponders whether “the Trojan Horse was the first activist art work.” My inquiry here is, however, not the Trojan Horse of Ancient Greece nor the Trojan Horses of a North American tradition of activist art, but rather, how Lippard’s Trojan Horse can be read in the context of socially engaged art projects in rural China. This article is, in other words, concerned with the Bishan Commune Project; a long-term socially engaged art project initiated in the southern part of Anhui province—it is concerned with the artists and intellectuals who were involved, the villagers they met and the local authorities they negotiated with. In 2010 artist, editor, curator and filmmaker Ou Ning drafted a notebook titled The Bishan Commune: How to Start Your Own Utopia. In 2011 the Bishan Commune was established in the village of Bishan in rural Anhui Province and in 2013 Ou Ning left Beijing and moved to Bishan with his family. The main question of this article, fed by curiosity and wonder, is thus exactly the question of how the Chinese countryside (and political landscape) can provide the backdrop for an anarchist, utopian community? In other words: how do you start your own utopia in the Chinese countryside?

- by
- •
- Chinese contemporary art, Placemaking, Community Art, Socially Engaged Art

Outside the Frame: A Critical Analysis of Urban Image Surveys Phoebe Crisman Aided by digital technology, designers and planners are making ever greater use of photographic images to depict and envision proposals for urban change. Yet, even as such presentations have become increasingly central to community planning efforts, the methods for employing photographs and their precise construction have not been adequately analyzed. Discussing the new reliance on imaging techniques in architecture, Cambridge Professor Andrew Saint recently noted, “the long-term challenge for the architectural pro- fession…is to ride this exciting, undisciplined, licentious, and dangerous beast, to control this irresponsible lust for image that pervades our culture.” 1 Several imaging methods have gained widespread cur- rency in the design of public places. This essay speciﬁ- cally examines what have become known as urban image surveys. The inclusive and participatory intentions of Above: +6.1 This mixed-u...

- by Phoebe Crisman
- •
- Sociology, Geography, Design, Architecture

This article describes three cases of placemaking workshops conducted by the author in three different countries: Ukraine, Tunisia, and Poland, and against different cultural and political backgrounds. In each case, the application of placemaking methods encouraged public participation, showed the potential to facilitate the decision-making process, and helped resolve potential or existing conflicts while building confidence in democratic procedures and institutions. This research highlights the importance of the PPS method which helped to build a team of stakeholders sharing similar views, ones convinced that a positive change is possible and are ready to cooperate. Such attitudes are especially valuable in places where local democracy and participatory urban management is undeveloped.

- by Tomasz Jelenski
- •
- Political Science, Urban Planning, Urbanism, Green urbanism (Architecture)
- by Joanna Szczepańska
- •
- Placemaking
- by Ron Filson
- •
- Design, Architecture, Place, Placemaking

Streszczenie: Chodzenie, siadanie, przebywanie. Utarło się przekonanie, że aby móc bywać w przestrzeni publicznej, trzeba w niej ograniczyć ruch kołowy, w mieście powstaje coraz więcej ciągów pieszych. Nie idzie to jednak w parze z tworzeniem ogólnodostępnych miejsc do odpoczynku, ustawianiem ławek, kreowaniem przyjaznych przestrzeni do nawiązywania relacji społecznych i międzyludzkich. Tekst rozważa teorię wpływu przestrzeni na zachowania ludzi. Udowadnia że im więcej pro-społecznych siedzisk na deptakach tym więcej ludzi generujących zwiększenie potencjału nabywczego przechodniów. Warunkiem siadania nie jest wyłącznie duży tranzyt, ale przede wszystkim zatrzymanie ludzi w przestrzeni. Na licznych przykładach opisuje miejsca do-społeczne i od-społeczne, tłumaczy i wyjaśnia zasady ich działania w odniesieniu do przebywania w przestrzeni publicznej miasta. Przestrzeń publiczna miasta, wymieniona w tytule, definiowana jest rozmaicie. W projektowej codzienności architektonicznej jest terminem, którego definicja, zawarta w ustawie 2 , zestawia przestrzeń z pojęciem obszaru: Obszar o szczególnym znaczeniu dla zaspokojenia potrzeb mieszkańców, poprawy jakości ich życia i sprzyjający nawiązywaniu kontaktów społecznych ze względu na jego położenie oraz cechy funkcjonalno-przestrzenne, określony w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy. Przestrzeń publiczna jest dialektyczna i działa jak sztuka, generuje pozytywne lub negatywne emocje, rodzi się z zacnych lub niecnych potrzeb, kreuje formy i antyformy. Rodzi się z ambiwalencji i sama taka jest. Jedną z ambiwalentnie ocenianych potrzeb mieszkańców 3 jest siadanie-główny przedmiot niniejszego tekstu. Można zignorować tę czynność, nie starać się zwiększać szans społecznych i 1 eMSA Inicjatywa Edukacyjna. 2 Ustawa z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym 3 To wynik własnych badań terenowych prowadzonych od 2009 roku. Partnerstwo Lokalne 8 SCEN zrealizowało w 2010 roku badania socjologiczne na terenie trzech wrocławskich osiedli. Wskazują one, że brak ławek jest dla mieszkańców ważnym problemem; URL: https://sites.google.com/site/emsasobotka/partnerstwo-8-scen/ankietyidiagnoza. Podobne badania zrealizował magistrat Olsztyna, w efekcie zwiększa się tam liczbę ławek, URL: http://www.konsultacje.olsztyn.eu

- by Anna Maria Ruminska
- •
- Anthropology, Urban Studies, Urbanism, Urban Sociology

The understanding in the differentiation between spaces and places is vital in architecture. One deals with the physical dimensions that constitute the physical form and boundary while the other is an edifice that contributes to the narrative of the user and is people-centric. Spaces and Places are not mutually exclusive owing to the fact that any place intrinsically stems from a space. However the components that define each of these phenomena differ in intent during their creation. All spaces employ the use of metrics to generate lines, planes, volumes. Well-designed spaces combine these tangible metrics with creativity and a keen focus on aesthetics that bear positively on the physical manifestation and composition of these forms. Places go beyond creating purely aesthetic spaces and engage the user/s in a dynamic dialogue that helps the user forge an emotional and/or spiritual connect to the place. There are several elements which aid in the creation of such place. Of these, authoritative elements may be considered to lend authenticity to design. This paper tests the hypothesis that authoritative elements are key influencers of Placemaking in Architecture.

- by Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson
- •
- History, Architecture, Typology, Urban Design

Shenzhen is one of China’s new cities which has grown into an archetypal megacity in only three decades. The existing literature about expatriates has predominantly investigated the influence of expatriates at the global level, paying less attention to the local experiences of these mobile employees. Furthermore, the current literature uses a vague definition of ‘expat’, as nowadays they can be divided into several sub-groups. This study focusses on the everyday practices of Self-Initiated Expatriates (SIEs). Drawing on an empirical study of SIEs living in Shenzhen, China, this paper investigates the ways in which SIEs create their ‘home’ and how this is influenced by activities, places and social networks. In particular, this study brings together literatures on expatriates, homemaking, adjustment and globalization to provide insight into the local homemaking process of SIEs in a Chinese context. The aim of this study is to gain better understanding of how the context of reception challenges the homemaking process of SIEs living in Shenzhen

- by Tamsin Maya
- •
- Sociology, Place Attachment, Social Networking, Adaptation

On a quiet Sunday afternoon in January 2015, a 12 year old girl was assaulted in Geelong's Market Square mall. The attack sparked a media furore over what should be done to address the ongoing safety and amenity issues of this intractable public space. The city's mayor, Cr Darryn Lyons, responded to the situation by declaring the mall a 'haunt for bogans and scumbags' and renewed calls for its demolition. Such rhetoric highlights the exclusionary mindset that casts certain types of people as undesirable inhabitants of public spaces. It also bolsters negative public perceptions of the mall. Once formed, such attitudes are difficult to shift, despite an overall improvement in the area's crime rates over recent years.

- by Fiona Gray and +1
- •
- Architecture, Urban And Regional Planning, Crime Prevention, Urban Design

Brain / Democracy and Urban Design Above:The transect can be used as the basis for a more publicly accessible planning process. These birds-eye drawings, created for a charrette in Louisville, Kentucky, by Seth Harry for Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, show the character of a typical street corner in different transect zones. Illustrations such as these may engage the public far more effectively than abstract zoning maps and charts.

- by David the Brain
- •
- Design, Architecture, Landscape, Planning

Olympic Sculpture Park—Seattle, WA Weiss/Manfredi Architecture/Landscape/Urbanism When the Seattle Art Museum decided to build a down- town sculpture park in 1996, its plans could be described only as extraordinarily ambitious. The site chosen was an 8.5-acre industrial brownfield incorporating a drop of more than forty feet from street level to the waterfront, sliced into three by active railroad tracks and an arterial road. Yet, in addition to restoring public access to the city’s waterfront across this site and establishing it as a pleasant setting for large works of art, the museum imag- ined bringing it back as a functioning ecosystem. This not only meant dealing with a sixty-year history of contamina- Above: The Olympic Sculpture Park on opening day, view from the north. Opposite left: Before construction, the waterfront site included three parcels of land divided by an arterial street and a rail line and dropping forty feet from street level to sea level. Opposite right: The ...

- by Nicole Huber
- •
- Engineering, Design, Architecture, Urbanism

This paper investigates how children can be engaged as active participants in neighborhood placemaking through the use of a design charrette, an intensive, hands-on workshop in which designers and citizens collaborate to solve a community design problem. The charrette methodology has been reconceptualized through the lens of new theoretical perspectives on children, social justice, and spatiality to encompass intergene-rational, interskill, and inter-institutional participation. A formative evaluation of two design charrettes provides lessons on the bene¢ts of and barriers to bringing 4th^5th and 9th^12th graders into a partnership with university students, design professionals, and community constituents. Bene¢ts to younger participants included indications of social and environmental awareness, evidence of environmental competence, and opportunities to in£uence public decision-making. Barriers included the di⁄culties all parties experienced in taking new social roles, realizing new learning modes (including the design process), and overcoming institutional hierarchies. A six-level sca¡old of interdependent adult and institutional support is proposed to facilitate children's neighborhood placemaking.

- by Dr. Sharon E. Sutton
- •
- Design, Placemaking, Youth participation

Smithfield, Dublin, was a community pocket park on a vacant land site on an inner city street commonly called 'the worst street in Dublin, and included a curated programme of site-specific installations, art gallery, meeting place and... more

- by Dr Cara Courage
- •
- Urban Geography, Art, Urban Anthropology, Urban Regeneration

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between individuals’ place attachment and their engagement in placemaking. It then presents a field study examining whether and to what extent the involvement of children ages nine to 11 in urban planning and design activities affects their attachment to their blocks, neighborhoods, and cities. Data were collected by involving approximately 240 children from six disadvantaged neighborhoods in Istanbul, Turkey, in a participatory action research project. Pre- and post- study surveys showed that, as children participated in more planning and design activities, their feelings for their neighborhoods significantly increased, but this effect was greater for some techniques of engagement than for others. Thus, planners and urban designers should realize that the design of participatory planning processes matters.

- by Yucel Severcan
- •
- Place Attachment, Placemaking, Community participation and engagement

Edited by Cara Courage, Anita McKeown Routledge, 2019 https://www.routledge.com/Creative-Placemaking-Research-Theory-and-Practice/Courage-McKeown/p/book/9780367586935 This book makes a significant contribution to the history of placemaking, presenting grassroots to top-down practices and socially engaged, situated artistic practices and artsled spatial inquiry that go beyond instrumentalising the arts for development. The book brings together a range of scholars to critique and deconstruct the notion of creative placemaking, presenting diverse case studies from researcher, practitioner, funder and policymaker perspectives from across the globe. It opens with the creators of the 2010 White Paper that named and defined creative placemaking, Ann Markusen and Anne Gadwa Nicodemus, who offer a cortically reflexive narrative on the founding of the sector and its development. This book looks at vernacular creativity in place, a topic continued through the book with its focus on the practitioner and community-placed projects. It closes with a consideration of aesthetics, metrics and, from the editors, a consideration of the next ten years for the sector. If creative placemaking is to contribute to places-in-the-making and encourage citizenled agency, new conceptual frameworks and practical methodologies are required. This book joins theorists and practitioners in dialogue, advocating for transdisciplinary, resilient processes.

- by Dr Cara Courage
- •
- Place Attachment, Space And Place (Art), Place, Placemaking
- by Eleonora Redaelli
- •
- Cultural Policy, Placemaking, Creative Placemaking

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen many rapid and pragmatic changes to how we safely use the public realm. The City of Toronto’s CaféTO program throws a lifeline to restaurants and bars by allowing for much needed outdoor dining and physical distance in the public realm. The program required collaboration between the City of Toronto, Business Improvement Areas (BIAs), restaurants, and design firm IBI Groups’s placemaking team.

- by Steven Shuttle
- •
- Landscape Architecture, Placemaking, Toronto

Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is an emerging form of farming increasingly found in cities worldwide. Advocates promote CEA as the future of food production, arguing for its potential to address challenges ranging from climate change to food insecurity. Detractors state that CEA's narrow focus on high-end produce, along with its intensive capital and energy needs, limit its meaningful contribution to the urban food system. Over the last seven years, New York City has become an epicenter for urban CEA, offering planners an in-situ setting in which to evaluate its impact. The following case study examines the current state of CEA in New York City, its composition, requirements, and future. The authors identify CEA's relative contributions, which include providing a small number of green-sector jobs and increasing access to produce in low-income communities. In parallel, they question if CEA provides sufficient benefits to warrant public-sector support. Recommendations for cities considering CEA include critically analyzing its purported benefits; evaluating the environmental, economic and social potential of projects located on publicly-owned rooftops and land; and focusing incentives on nonprofit and institutional production that show clear community benefits.

- by Wylie Goodman
- •
- Business, Urban Planning, Agriculture, Children and Youth

In this chapter, we introduce the concept of ‘placemaking’ to the Canadian Arctic context, a term frequently used in urban planning and architectural settings to describe and characterise how spaces are formed by organic and systematic activities, particularly in contemporary times. Our interpretations of placemaking in relation to the Arctic are made as non-Inuit researchers, who have lived, studied, travelled and worked alongside our Inuit friends and experts for over fifteen years in the Eastern Canadian Arctic region. Working in separate regions of the Arctic as ethnographers (Heyes in Nunavik, Arctic Quebec and Dowsley in Nunavut), we offer here our combined insights and observations on how Inuit generate, connect and derive meaning from the land and the sea. Our reflections provide critical perspectives on Inuit senses of place, and by extension, how tangible and intangible spaces on the tundra, water and sea ice are regarded by Inuit.

- by Martha Dowsley
- •
- Architecture, Space and Place, Placemaking, Arctic

Growing competition between cities and regions has stimulated a search for distinction, which in turn has increased attention for the role of place. Places provide a unique mix of attributes, which give meaning to the communities the use them, and stimulate the creativity that underpins cultural and economic development. Places do not only emergethey are also made and shaped through intended and unintended events. The recent vogue for "placemaking" represents a realisation that place marketing and place branding need to be more firmly rooted in place to be successful. There is also a school of thought that suggests that "creative placemaking", or "artist-led regeneration" can provide new solutions to age-old challenges. This paper analyses the contribution of the creative industries to placemaking programmes, focusing specifically on the experience of the Dutch city of Den Bosch. Here, traditional cultural regeneration has been supplemented by activation of the creative sector to provide meaning and direction for cultural, social and economic development. Den Bosch illustrates how small cities can achieve significant creative development, competing effectively with larger urban centres.

- by greg richards
- •
- Creative Industries, Events management, Tourism, Festivals

Understanding the impact of Places is critically important to property developer and yet there is no industry standard to measure this impact. At the same
time, it is recognized that the more we understand
the impacts of placemaking and placekeeping
efforts, the more equipped we are to provide
better-quality places, in addition to creating
better communities, and improve the lives of tenants, visitors, staff and residents.

- by Dana Cuff
- •
- Design, Architecture, Landscape, Planning

The paper explores Tati's use of new film media in 'Playtime' in ways that reveal more fundamental modes of social, mimetic and situational mediation as performed in the film by architects, and architect-like characters, and by the... more

- by Lisa Landrum
- •
- Urban Geography, Architecture, Film Studies, Film Theory

This article offers the first detailed account of a local working-class 'verse culture', and examines the factors which created it, taking as a case study the town of Blackburn, Lancashire, in the second half of the nineteenth century. It uses content analysis, bibliography, memoir, newspaper archives, a poet's cuttings book and a local historian's manuscript book to argue that reading, writing and performing poetry was an important part of working-class Victorian culture, that culture was produced far from the metropolitan centre (whilst heavily influenced by a poetic canon), and that local newspapers played an important role in producing such local cultures. Blackburn had a typical working-class cultural infrastructure, of mutual improvement, clubs and associations, its pride in local and regional traditions and its thriving newspapers. From this, two exceptional individuals helped to create an extraordinary poetic culture, the town's leading poet William Billington, and the editor of the Blackburn Times, William Abram.

- by Andrew Hobbs
- •
- Local History, Journalism History, Sense of Place, Intellectual and cultural history

Ecoscenography seeks to design temporary event spaces and
places, with a focus on positive contribution to social and
ecological function and evolution. This paper explores the
potential of ecoscenography to contribute to creative
placemaking, using a practice-led case study (The Living Stage
NYC) that examines how community-engaged performance
spaces can foster dialogue and build social-ecological capital. The
Living Stage is a global initiative which combines stage design,
horticulture and community engagement to create recyclable,
biodegradable, biodiverse and edible performance spaces. Part
theatre, part garden and part growing demonstration, the New
York project took place at Meltzer Park on the Lower East Side of
Manhattan in collaboration with a vibrant cohort of linguistically
and ethnically diverse seniors, fifth graders and neighbouring
residents. Over the course of six weeks, the asphalt lined park was
transformed into a space of lush greenery, along with vibrant art
installations and eclectic performances that celebrated the
community’s identity and potential. Drawing upon literature from
placemaking, expanded scenography and ecoscenography, this
paper explores the opportunities and challenges of creative
placemaking, as well as the changing role of the scenographer in
seeking out possibilities for political, social, cultural and ecological
revitalisation beyond the confines of the theatre building.

- by Tanja Beer
- •
- Space and Place, Applied Theatre, Scenography, Sense of Place
- by Annette Koh
- •
- Public Space, Spatial Justice, Placemaking

Not all concepts that are successful in ‘the West’ may work in ‘the East’. Asia’s cities are booming, and rightly in their own unprecedented ways. There are no cookie-cutter solutions as each city is unique in its strengths and challenges. Hence solutions need to be tailored and contextual. And in order to arrive at that, city managers, activists and planners need to look for creative and innovative ways to involve, engage and entice multiple stakeholders, in particular those that dominate urban development, to understand that developing human-centric places that build communities can be profitable. In fact, it is precisely what savvy urban consumers are now demanding.

- by Ester van Steekelenburg
- •
- Participatory Planning, Placemaking, South east Asia
- by Trevor Boddy
- •
- Design, Architecture, Landscape, Planning

This paper aims to define a theoretical framework for conceptualizing on the placemaking potential of urban spatial experiences, mediated by pervasive and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. For this purpose, it discusses the relation of human subjects with things and objects as well as with the spaces and places that they produce, while taking into consideration the latest technological advancements. The ultimate goal is to evaluate the hypothesis that the emergence of places in the aforementioned contexts is not necessarily an anthropocentric process but can largely be the outcome of material agency of non-living things and objects. To this end, the paper presents a public space, site-specific installation titled “Pollen” and discusses the manner in which this mediated environment interacted with the physical environment and with animate and inanimate actors within it.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Many urban centers across North America represent landscapes of neglect and narratives of tragedy. The effects of suburbanization and sprawl have led to the decay and abandonment of existing, older inner cities and have contributed to the demise of many city centers. The process of urban revitalization recognizes that multiple strategies can be employed to reverse the effects of urban decay and create downtown areas that are more appealing to current and prospective residents. The purpose of this study was to examine everyday forms of urban leisure and their relationship with place-making and urban revitalization initiatives. This examination of recreation and leisure in an urban context acknowledges that successful and vibrant downtown areas are major sites of everyday leisure. Here we argue that parks, green spaces, and recreation facilities play an important role in successful urban revitalization strategies. This study was conducted in Kitchener, Ontario, a fast growing midsized Canadian city. Using a photo-elicitation technique, 21 participants were asked to photograph meaningful landscapes in the downtown area. Findings indicate that everyday social interactions are supported by recreation and leisure spaces and opportunities and are central to place-making and successful urban revitalization strategies in downtown areas. The participants in this study suggested that incorporating vibrant and animated places and highlighting local character in a downtown context served to create landscapes consistent emphasis on the economic value of leisure and recreation spaces has led to the widespread growth of impressive, yet often depersonalized, sporting complexes, resorts, shopping and entertainment centers, convention facilities, and amusement parks in urban centers in many urban areas. Instead, efforts aimed at place-making and reversing the effects of urban decay should incorporate the perspective of residents and provide places conducive to social interactions that are unique and important for everyday leisure.

- by Amanda Johnson and +1
- •
- Urban Studies, Leisure, Public Space, Placemaking
- by greg richards
- •
- Tourism Studies, Mediterranean, Events management, City Marketing

A discussion of the range of ways in which we are connected to the world through place - neurological, sense and memory of place, geographical places, roots, first experiences, home, particularity, placemaking. It also considers the more compiclated relationships with place involved in multi-centred experiences, phantasmagoric places, forms of disconnection, non-places, branding, and electronic connections. It concludes with a discussion of an open sense of place that can connect our origins and experiences in particular places with the intelligence that understands how these are effected by and influence what goes on elsewhere in the world.

Events and festivals have become increasingly important policy tools for cities and regions. They are able to produce a wide range of externalities, including economic impacts, image change, social capital and cultural regeneration. All of these event-related externalities have impacts and effects on the places in which they are staged. In many cases, these event-related impacts are analysed separately, but in fact the most powerful effects of events are more holistic, able to impact not just on individual economic sectors or social groups, but on places as a whole. Over time, the use of events by cities and regions has grown more sophisticated and complex. The range of policy goals for which events are utilised has expanded, and the range and type of events staged has increased as well. Increasingly, public administrations seek to coordinate the events in their jurisdiction to create synergies between events and to maximise the benefits generated. Event policies make frequent references to the development of programmes or " portfolios " of events (Antchak, 2016). The ability of events to effect a broad range of changes in different places has added to their attractiveness as a placemaking tool, and has led to more cities developing " events units " and other forms of event-based

The unprecedented Growth experienced by the city has led to uncontrolled expansion of infrastructure, challenging the existence of public open spaces in this city. This project aims to identify the unused or even poorly used public spaces... more

- by Vaidehi Raipat
- •
- Urban Studies, Urban Design, Placemaking, Architecture and Public Spaces

The notion of placemaking and sustainable urbanism praise dense, urban grids with unique public spaces. Airports, on the other hand, have been often criticized as model “non-places”– strange, anonymous spaces of transience that do not hold enough spatial significance. From this perspective at airport-related areas one may ask, in fact, how urban may they become, and weather the "Airport City" has more in common with the city than a "shopping gallery" to an art gallery, or than a "business park" to a park?
While the spatial configuration of the commercial functions surrounding the airport terminal have resembled those of a large shopping malls, or suburban commercial zones, with freestanding objects separated by parking lots, the airport cities currently designed are envisioned as dense, multifunctional urban districts. Recent projects, such as the Airport Cities in Warsaw, Stockholm, Manchester etc. elaborate on qualities such as carefully designed open spaces, iconic architecture and public art. In this perspective, sustainable airport districts shall be development with rational use of resources and maximizing social, economic and environmental benefits. Within the paradigm of sustainable urbanism, this would mean a holistic approach in three scales: developing specific districts in polycentric metropolises, shaping their urban structure, and designing specific places within the scale of urban blocks.

- by Michal Stangel
- •
- Urbanism, Placemaking, Aerotropolis, Airport City

For many migrants and refugees, place provides a common sense of territorial identity despite these groups having roots elsewhere. Using the case of the Hmong diaspora, the following calls for a reconsideration of how place is theorized in planning and introduces the term “translocal placemaking” to better reflect new social formations and the overdetermination of locality. This relational conception of place captures the complexity of spatial and temporal relations as locales are not isolated from one another and draws attention to the various entanglements that historically shape spatial practices including the memories and ties to extralocal places.

- by Michael Rios and +1
- •
- Placemaking

Presentation to the to the “International Conference on Creative Tourism and Development” 6 February 2020 , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. The paper deals with the development of creative placemaking approaches, highlighting the... more

- by greg richards
- •
- Creative Cities, Cultural Tourism, Placemaking, Creative Tourism

Making in contemporary perception is related to the act of producing small objects, machines or apps without the help of professionals. If one expands the definition, making also can relate to defining place as well as making things happen. This essay explores the notion of making places at different scales. The first part of this essay offers an exploration of what encompasses place and the making of it while the second part discusses the Placemaking movement and how it reflects a culture of making.

- by Christina A Lanzl and +1
- •
- Space and Place, Public Art, Placemaking, Art in public space