Radioactive waste Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Radioactive waste
- by Cal Delegard
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- Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Spent Nuclear Fuel, Radioactive waste
- by Marcel Bergeron
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- Water Supply, Ground Water, Drinking Water, Conceptual Model
- by Lawrence Duffy and +1
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- Geology, Science Policy, Cold War, Environmental Management

Simulated spent clinoptilolite was immobilised in a monolithic glass composite wasteform (GCM) produced by a pressureless sintering for 2 hours at relative low temperatures 750 deg. C. The GCM utilises the high durability of alkali borosilicate glass to encapsulate the Cs-impregnated clinoptilolite (Cs-Clino). With this approach mobile radionuclides are retained by a multi-barrier system, comprising the crystalline form of the clinoptilolite and the borosilicate glass Wastes loading ranging from 1:1 up to 1:10 glass to Cs-clino volume ratios corresponding to 37- 88 mass % were studied. Water durability of GCM was assessed in 7, 14 and 28 days leaching tests in deionised water at 40 deg. C based on ASTM C1220-98 standard. It was found that the normalised leaching rates of Cs remaining below 6.35 10 g/cm² day in a GCM with 73 mass % waste during a leaching test for 7 days. However, at higher waste loading of {>=}80 mass %, the normalised leaching rate of Cs was as high as 9.06 10 g...

- by Chin-fu Tsang
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- Fluid Mechanics, Numerical Analysis, Finite element method, Multidisciplinary
- by John Stetkar
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- Waste Management, Public Health, Risk assessment, Multidisciplinary
- by Paul Kalb
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- Engineering, Physics, Plasma Physics, Design
- by Guillermo del Cul
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- Materials Science, Stainless Steel, Corrosion Resistance, Radioactive waste
- by Nikolla Qafoku
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- Minerals, Multidisciplinary, Adsorption, Contaminant hydrology
- by J Keisler
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- Information Systems, Applied Mathematics, Decision Analysis, Risk assessment

Belgium started its nuclear programme quite early. The first installations were constructed in the fifties, and presently, more than 55 % of the Belgian electricity production is provided by nuclear power plants. After 30 years of nuclear experience, Belgium started decommissioning of nuclear facilities in the eighties with two main projects: the BR3-PWR plant and the Eurochemic reprocessing plant. The BR3-decommissioning project is carried out at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, while the decommissioning of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant is managed and operated by Belgoprocess n.v., which is also operating the centralised waste treatment facilities and the interim storage for Belgian radioactive waste. Some fundamental principles have to be considered for the management of materials resulting from the decommissioning of nuclear installations, equipment and/or components, mainly based on the guidelines of the “IAEA-Safety Fundamentals. The Principles of Radioactive Was...

- by Lucien Teunckens
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- Engineering, Industrial Automation, Waste Management, Nuclear reactor
- by David Kosson
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- Design, Production, Performance, Risk assessment
- by Pavel Tlustos
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- Environmental Engineering, Soil, Biomass, Waste Management
- by Roger Coates
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- Decision Making, Environmental policy, Iraq, Risk assessment

The amount of plutonium discarded as wastes from the U.S. nuclear weapons complex appears to be significantly greater than the U.S. Department of Energy's 1996 declaration of its plutonium holdings. This is due to in part to improved radioactive waste characterization and the disposal of plutonium residues originally intended for use in weapons. The Hanford site in Washington State has

- by Robert Alvarez
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- Physics, Political Science, Ground Water, Washington State

The article presents a comprehensive and cross-cutting review of key marine waste issues, taking into account: sources, fate, risks, transport pathways, threats, legislation, current challenges, and knowledge gaps. The growing amount of both human-created waste in seas and oceans and waste reaching marine ecosystems from land is one of today’s challenges for the global economy and the European Union. It is predicted that if no decisive steps are taken to limit the amount of this type of waste, there may be more plastic waste than fish in the oceans after 2050. The influence of microplastics and nanoplastics on living organisms remains undiagnosed. Within the international and EU law, solutions are being developed to properly manage waste on board ships and to reduce the impact of processes related to the recycling of the vessels on the environment. Currently, over 80% of ships are dismantled in the countries of South Asia, in conditions that threaten the environment and the safety o...

- by Rodolphe Gilbin and +1
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- Daphnia, Radiobiology of Ionizing Radiation, Multidisciplinary, Environmental science and technology
- by Digby Macdonald
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- Thermodynamics, Water, Corrosion, Boiling
- by Dmitrii A Kulik and +3
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- Geochemistry, Applied Geochemistry, Structured data, Model development
- by Charley Yu
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- Environmental Science, Chemistry, Groundwater Contamination, Soil Mechanics
- by Alan Flint
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- Engineering, Earth Sciences, Hydrogeology, Groundwater recharge
- by Pavel Povinec
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- Earth Sciences, Indian Ocean World, Environmental Sciences, CS
- by A. Agüero and +3
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- Environmental Monitoring, Multidisciplinary, Humans, Animals
- by Oscar Dominguiano
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- Environmental Engineering, Electron Microscopy, Biofilms, Carbon
- by Nur Latifah
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- Environmental Engineering, Malaysia, Municipal Solid Waste Management, Forecasting
- by Philippe Brunet
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- Radiation Protection, Humans, Hemodialysis, Renal failure
- by Joseph Kanney
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- Performance Analysis, Waste Disposal, United States, Nuclear Waste
- by Hartmut Nies and +1
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- Geography, Time Series, Global Health, International Cooperation
- by Joseph R Cavallaro
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- Engineering, Hazardous Waste, Mathematical Sciences, Scenario Analysis
- by Catherine Organo
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- France, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Radioactivity
- by Şenol Sert
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- Chemical Engineering, Experimental Design, Sol Gel Process, Surface Area

The disposal of industrial waste presents major logistical, financial and environmental issues. Technologies that can reduce the hazardous properties of wastes are urgently required. In the present work, a number of industrial wastes arising from the cement, metallurgical, paper, waste disposal and energy industries were treated with accelerated carbonation. In this process carbonation was effected by exposing the waste to pure carbon dioxide gas. The paper and cement wastes chemically combined with up to 25% by weight of gas. The reactivity of the wastes to carbon dioxide was controlled by their constituent minerals, and not by their elemental composition, as previously postulated. Similarly, microstructural alteration upon carbonation was primarily influenced by mineralogy. Many of the thermal wastes tested were classified as hazardous, based upon regulated metal content and pH. Treatment by accelerated carbonation reduced the leaching of certain metals, aiding the disposal of many as stable non-reactive wastes. Significant volumes of carbon dioxide were sequestrated into the accelerated carbonated treated wastes.

- by Paula Carey
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- Environmental Engineering, Environmental Science, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon
- by Randall Scheele
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- Materials Engineering, Nuclear Materials, Calcium Phosphate, Process Development

ÖZET Radyoaktif ati klar, genellikle radyoaktif elementlerin kullani ldiği ti p, nükleer sanayi, nükleer santraller ve nükleer silah denemeleriyle çevreye verilirler. Radyoaktif elementler parçalanabilme özelliğ inden dolayi , ati ldi klariortamda da işi maya devam ederek çevreye zarar verirler. Bu nedenle radyoaktif ati klari n oluş umunu azaltmak, ortaya çi kan ati klari n da çevreye zarar vermeyecek ş ekilde

- by HY Kaptan
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- Nuclear Power Plant, Radioactive waste

Membrane methods can be considered as the most energy-saving separation techniques. Separation abilities of membranes allow the elimination of many non-effective and energy consuming methods and their replacement by new, modern technologies, friendly environment friendly. An application of membrane methods for liquid radioactive wastes treatment requires solving many problems connected with the proper selection of the membranes, membrane modules and other equipment according local conditions: chemical and radiochemical composition of the effluents treated, their activity and total salinity. The installations working in nuclear industry have to fulfil very strict requirements. They ought to be reliable, constructed from special materials defined by separate regulations. Only small number of manufacturers of membrane devices has for their products the certificates of International Atomic Energy Agency. Reverse osmosis (RO) as a method for liquid waste treatment has been examined at laboratory and pilot plant installations. The experience with the process led to design and construction of the industrial plant, 1 m3 capacity, composed of three RO stages. The plant will be included into the system for liquid radioactive wastes purification operating at Institute of Atomic Energy in Swierk near Warsaw, treating the liquid waste from all of Poland. Membrane distillation (MD) can be an alternative for liquid radioactive waste concentration. On the basis of previous laboratory tests a pilot plant for liquid radioactive wastes concentration employing direct contact MD was constructed. Pilot plant experiments showed MD is interesting solution for liquid low-level radioactive waste treatment. As MD is characterised by high retention, large decontamination factors were obtained in separation of radionuclides, which are present in liquid low-level radioactive wastes mainly in an ionic form. The RO and MD plants for liquid low level radioactive wastes treatment are presented in the paper and the evaluation of both methods, as well.

- by Andrzej Chmielewski
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- Chemical Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Separation, Energy Saving
- by Michael Ojovan
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- Engineering, Ground Water, Laboratory experiment, Hazardous Materials

This study deals with pyrolysis of tetra pak which is widely used as an aseptic beverage packaging material. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out under inert atmosphere in a batch reactor at different temperatures and by different pyrolysis modes (one- and two-step). The yields of char, liquid and gas were quantified. Pyrolysis liquids produced were collected as three separate phases; aqueous phase, tar and polyethylene wax. Characterization of wax and the determination of the total amount of phenols in aqueous phase were performed. Chemical compositions of gas and char products relevant to fuel applications were determined. Pure aluminum can be also recovered by pyrolysis.

- by jale yanik
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- Environmental Engineering, Kinetics, Waste Management, Incineration
- by atul vaidya
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- Environmental Engineering, Kinetics, Biomass, Magnetic Resonance Imaging

- by jale yanik
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- Environmental Engineering, Kinetics, Waste Management, Incineration
- by Mohammad Karamouz and +1
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- Environmental Engineering, Waste Management, Solid Waste Management, Analytic Hierarchy Process
- by Raoul François
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Kinetics, Compressive Strength