Self and the Other Research Papers (original) (raw)

A overview of the "Self-Consciousness" chapter of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. I analyze the basic significance of each of the three themes of the chapter, (which Hegel calls "desire," "recognition," and "thought"), and I consider... more

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- Philosophy, Phenomenology, Continental Philosophy, German Idealism

. The problems of irreducibility, untranslatability, non-generalized existence of language are there as there persists always something irreducible in the interactions between the self and the other. Considering the Bengali society, perspectivally deliberated through the intellectual lenses of the bourgeois, the self-culture predicates the normative paradigm that structures what should and what should not constitute the essential with regard to socio-political identity. The conflictual cultural implication opposes whatever is non-standard and heterogeneous. Even within the group, the notion of the ‘other-self’ segregates the cultural variants that are marginalized as non-standard and imperfect.

- by Debmalya Biswas
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- Cultural Studies, Philosophy, Philosophy Of Language, Southeast Asian Studies

Ancient Greek tragedy addresses a myriad of themes, from questions of identity to socio-political changes and issues. The Bacchae is a perfect example of these themes, especially regarding the question of gender (self) and the differences between women and men (other). Dionysus, returning to his mother’s birthplace, wants to come “home” and be recognized and worshiped as a god. Yet, he finds resistance and denial by Pentheus, his cousin, who is also the king of Thebes. It seems that only through utter acceptance of his deity, Dionysus can actually become a God – doubt or denial remove his god-like supremacy. Thus, transforming his wrath into action, he does not only want to take revenge upon Pentheus and punish him for his disbelief, but the whole city must suffer obliteration. Disguised – or better, masked - as a mortal, he changes his identity into what he does not want to be assimilated with in order to strategically take out his enemy.

- by Nadja Mattioli
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- Self and Identity, Spectacle, Euripides, Dionysus

This study is the first of its kind to examine residents' and tourists' degree of emotional solidarity experienced with one another in a destination—Galveston County, Texas. Two main purposes for this study are (1) to confirm the factor structure of the emotional solidarity scale for both residents and tourists while assessing psychometric properties of reliability and validity and (2) to compare residents' and tourists' emotional solidarity (based on resulting factors from confirmatory factor analysis) with one another. Ultimately, the scale produced the same factors (i.e., welcoming nature, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding) as in previous studies while exhibiting sound psychometric properties. Significant differences in mean factor scores were found for the factors welcoming nature and emotional closeness across residents and tourists. Implications, limitations , and future research directions are provided.

- by kyle woosnam
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- Tourism Planning, Confirmatory factor analysis, Tourist studies, Self and the Other

Amid a globally increasing trend of urban segregation, this article asks why a particular urban place, the Gangnam area in the city of Seoul, has come to symbolize the rich and the powerful, consolidating both socioeconomic segregation and political conservatism in a short span of time. While different approaches exist that partially explain Gangnam’s luxurious lifestyles, fervent real estate speculation, obsession with education, and political conservatism, this article seeks to provide a holistic explanation for the rise of Gangnam and draws particular attention to the social construction of place identity. Based on the analysis of historically and contextually grounded evidence, imaginations, and cognitive scaling of different stakeholders, it suggests bidirectional formations of self–other and present–future identities, highlighting the sociopsychological aspects of place identity formation. Specifically, it explains political conservatism as the attempts of Gangnam residents to sustain the area’s entrance barrier and pass on their exclusivity to future selves and children.

"الآخَر" هو تلك الكينونة المغايرة عموما لكينونة "الأنا"؛ وهو أي شخص له وجود مستقلّ عن وجود الأنا . لقد بزغ هذا المفهوم مع الاشتغال على دراسات ما بعد الكولونيالية، وتحديدا في سياق علاقة المستعمِر colonizer بالمستعمَر colonized اللذين يحدّد كل منهما الآخر، فيستدعي وجود أحدهما وجود الآخر، ضمنا أو صراحة. ومن قبل، استُعمِل المفهوم أيضا في إطار الفلسفة الوجودية من لدن جان بول سارتر Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) في سياق حديثه عن "الوجود والعدم"، كما استعمله المشتغلون بنظرية ما بعد الكولونيالية الذين أقاموا أفكارهم على التحليل الفرويدي وما بعد الفرويدي لمفهوم "الذاتية subjectivity"؛ أعني تحديدا عمل المحلّل النفسي والمنظِّر الثقافي الشهير جاك لاكان Jacques Lacan (1901-1981). ومن جهة مقابلة، فإن دراسات ما بعد الكولونيالية قد أنتجت مصطلح Othering الذي يمكن ترجمته بـ"الآخرية" أو الغيرية"، أو هو -حسب تعريف جياتري تشكرافورتي سبيفاك Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak صاحبة الفضل في صكّ هذا المصطلح- العملية التي يُنشئ من خلالها الخطاب الإمبريالي "آخر[يه]". فالآخرية عملية تصف الطرق المختلفة التي يُنتج، عبرها، كل خطاب كولونيالي موضوعات اشتغاله وممارساته. وحسب تفسير سبيفاك للمصطلح ، فالآخرية عملية جدلية بين طرفين؛ لأن استعمار "الآخر" مؤسَّس في الوقت نفسه على اعتبار أن هذا الآخر "المستعمَر" قد أُنتِج باعتباره موضوعا للدراسة وممارسة والهيمنة من لدن "المستعمِر".
في هذه المقالة استقراء وتحليل لعلاقة الأنا بالآخر في مدوّنة القصة العُمَانية المعاصرة..

- by Ishanthi Dissanayake
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- Feminism, English Novel, Self and the Other

This essay extrapolates from Boccaccio’s works a philosophy of consolation as a negotiation between self and other. I begin with the lexicon and experience of consolation in the Decameron, considering the dynamic of words versus deeds as modalities of consolation and putting the Decameron into dialogue with the Consolatoria a Pino de’ Rossi, which features the same dynamic. Ultimately, through consideration of what it means that Gualtieri, the Marquis of Saluzzo, is lexically the most “consoled” character in the Decameron, I sketch Boccaccio’s spectrum of consolation, defined in terms of the self’s relation to the other. The negative extreme modeled by Gualtieri, in which the self is consoled through absolute freedom from the other, allows us to see Boccaccio as advocate of a middle path: the mutual consolation of the happy couples of Day 5 of the Decameron is echoed in the consolation Pino receives from his wife in the Consolatoria. Moreover, the Consolatoria reprises the Decameron’s full spectrum of consolation, showing us Boccaccio’s own encounter with the moral hazard of the undesired other, tellingly invoked in the phrase «se Dio m’avesse dato fratello o non me lo avesse dato».

- by Teodolinda Barolini
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- Boccaccio, Decameron, Consolation, Giovanni Boccaccio
- by Chaimae Manssouri
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- Cultural Studies, Literature, Postcolonial Studies, Resistance (Social)
- by Fatemah E . S Alshammeri
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- Gender Studies, English Literature, Women's Studies, Race and Ethnicity
- by Adriana Moldovan
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- American Literature, English Literature, Self and Identity, Heterotopia

In this paper, I claim that the “third space” extends beyond Western hegemonic discourse on identity and self, demonstrating that identity is not a singular and a stable subject but a multiple and fluid one. This article demonstrates that the “third space”, while opening the avenues for pluralities and negotiations, unsettles and problematizes the issues of identity, belonging, and home in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea. Discussions on why Antoinette’s position as a Creole in Jamaica problematizes her status and identity, and what barriers negate herself and her sense of belonging are central to this research. I further investigate the roles of Western hegemonic presence in Antoinette’s subjectivity, and her sense of liberation and autonomy. Antoinette’s position in a liminal space not only jeopardizes her identity, her longing for home and belonging, but also creates a hybrid identity that emerges in a moment of historical transformation in Jamaican history. Hybridity interrogates and deconstructs the Western hegemonic assumption of stable subjectivity and meaning. Destabilizing the notion of the Self and the Other as envisioned by Western mainstream narratives, hybridity proposes that the Self is constructed by multiple ideologies and multiple discourses. Antoinette’s occupation of a hybrid position in Wide Sargasso Sea dismantles the stable binaries of white/black, colonizer/colonized category of Western discourse and questions identity formation based on the West as the ‘Self’ and the non-West as the ‘Other’ as in Edward Said’s contention in Orientalism.

- by Khem Guragain
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- Self and Identity, Hybridity, Culture, Liminality

This essay explores the affective economy of othering within globalization encounters by analyzing representations of foreign others in domestic advertisements for a globally bestselling South Korean snack cake. For three decades, domestic advertisements for Orion Choco Pie have thematized chŏng, a time-nurtured affective connection that blurs boundaries between self and other. The essay examines how the advertisements balance the representations of chŏng as uniquely Korean and inaccessible to outsiders, yet directly responsible for the treat’s international popularity. I detail how emotional particularism – affective-discursive constructions of indigenous sentiments that underscore their uniqueness and incommensurability – functions not only as a tool of ethno-nationalist self-fashioning but also of othering, while my analysis also contributes to critiquing the neoimperialist undercurrents of post-Cold-War globalization as it plays out away from the old imperial centers. I argue that the advertisements’ affective economy recruits the South Korean public to identify with globalizing South Korean capital and mediates a subimperialist desire for South Korean hegemony.

Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 59
Intercultural Competence in EFL Textbooks
Souryana Yassine
The Chapter "concentrates on an important theme in the field of intercultural and language education: The role of culture and the presence of ‘self’ and ‘other’ in language textbooks. The Algerian context serves as an illustration."

- by Souryana YASSINE
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- Intercultural Communication, Language Education, Culture, Self and the Other
- by ahmad Ghaforian
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- Literature, Postcolonial Studies, Edward Said, Orientalism

Contemporary approaches to integrating "self" and the "other"—such as multiculturalism, cultural diversity, race relations, inclusiveness strategies, or identity politics—are flawed from the perspective of traditional thought. At their core, modernist ideologies are inimical to and destructive of all human diversity. The new face of antipathy to pluralism is becoming more deceptive as it grows less focused on respecting diversity and more on promoting ideological uniformity and the erection of a global monoculture. This essay argues that it is from a metaphysical perspective that human diversity can be fully understood and can seek to reconcile the dichotomy of "self" and the "other".

- by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos
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- Religion, Buddhism, Native American Religions, Comparative Religion

Post-independence Assamese novels record different aspects of the changing scenario in the society. As most of them deal with the present socio-political problems of the society some take in hand unique and unrevealed chapters of Assam history as background of their writings. Rita Chowdhury, one of the renowned writers of Assam adopts the second method. After her successful novel Deo langkhui (The Divine Sword) based on a historical evidence of Tiwa kingdom, Makam (The Golden Horse) is a tale of Assam’s past related to Chino-Indian war. In the novel the writer does not simply describes the past events, she also gives the readers chances to analyze the same story from different perspectives. Her unique way of storytelling through two parallel narratives offers an unconscious journey from present to past or past to present. It focuses on both public and private ‘memory’ of one part of Assam’s history.

- by IERJ Journal
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- New Historicism, Hybridization, Self and the Other, Thick Description
- by Pegah Tabassinejad
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- Postdramatic theatre, Performativity, Liminality, Individuation

‘Dissent: A Creative Practice’ is an anthology of essays by CAS Associate Artists Susan Francis, Maija Liepins and Yonat Nitzan-Green. The artists consider how dissent might be understood as a constructive and creative methodology that encourages dialogue and generates new solutions and relationships. Francis considers 'the relational self' and how it might create an interstice for a constructive dissent. Liepins focuses on 'individual dissent for collective change' exploring dissent as part of a non-linear process of discursive creativity. Nitzan-Green approaches her question from a maternal subjectivity perspective asking whether the performative act can be understood as a link between a painting and that "outside it”.

- by Maija Liepins and +2
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- Models of Creativity & of Creative Processes, Art, Culture and Social Change, Collaborative Learning, Non linear narratives
- by Riin Magnus
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- Ecosemiotics, Self and the Other, Alien species, Urban Greenery
- by Iulia H
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- Cultural Studies, Self and Identity, Literature, Asian American Studies

There is neither one true self to be objectified only; nor a distinct figure in the text which is altogether different from the author's real personality because of being fictive. 'The illusion of fiction' would not have been destroyed even if Wolfe had narrated his story with first-person narrative altogether and told it with a least emphasis on fictiveness. Any better example than slave narratives, I believe, cannot easily be thought; such narratives carry a particular authenticity which we humbly verify thanks to other documents and narratives in American slavery history; yet, in the end, we see them in a genre of American literature where the illusion is thought to be very genuine-a real story just like Wolfe's story. Therefore, to discuss the illusion is nothing but to iterate that facts or our reality are what we are able to tell and represent them. While discussions of postulated oppositions originate in the fundamental idea that autobiographical writing is a double act in understanding and telling one's life (I tell me), current autobiographical criticism cuts the line between I and me and self/other or fact/fiction and history/ autobiography so as though they were two poles in a literary concept or in a philosophy that self-representation mostly seems to be something alien to self itself-as if self existed somewhere unreachable deepness of human mind beyond narratives and texts or written and oral practices of language. In that mental concept, self exists only in individual mind or consciousness where it is comprehended as idiosyncratic and ever-evolving dimension of what people think and feel about themselves or world in the present situation. As a result, autobiographical writing comes to the impossibility of a true self-representation. However, the epistemology of a literary criticism that is not interested in the real nature of what it criticizes (self) works amiss. Being uninterested in the fact that human self is both psychologically and ontologically not much different from a fantasy making or a story telling of one's life, current autobiographical criticism seems stuck either into the idea that human self is in a constant state of change, which basically precludes possibility of (or rules out) a true self-representation, or into a literary aesthetic or philosophy of almost metaphysically existent self, which feeds on familiar themes sprung from Cartesian duality, instead of a literary criticism that simply addresses that 'human truths are inherently bound up with our ability to represent and narrate them.' However, what it is meant with this fact is not a claim saying that authors' self-representations in their stories or in autobiographies in general are to represent so-called a true self; if so, that claim would easily diverge to braches of arguments saying that every literary character or narrator was then genuinely their authors; e.g., imagining pedophilic narrator Humbert Humbert in Nabokov's Lolita (1955) as the author himself would be an eclipse of reason.

My unpublished article that explores commonsense assumptions of (security) identity in the framing of the history of the Israel/Palestine conflict in Swedish history school textbooks. Inclusions/exclusions of historical narratives, it is argued, are inextricably linked to both national and international (shifting) power relations over time. In this way, historical genealogies of state/identity, power and discourse together establish History on the conflict.

- by Khem Guragain
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- Self and Identity, Hybridity, Culture, Liminality

ينشر موقع KHAMENEI.IR الإعلامي مقالاً للسيّد هادي قبيسي يتناول فيه الكاتب شرح مفهوم معرفة النّفس في الإسلام وعند أهل البيت (عليهم السلام) وسبب تأكيد الإسلام على معرفة النّفس والواقع الذي يعيشه المسلمون فيما يخصّ هذه القضيّة وارتباطها... more

- by Hadi Kobaysi
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- Self and Identity, Self-Determination Theory, Political Science, Islamic Philosophy
- by Adriana Moldovan
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- American Literature, English Literature, Self and Identity, Heterotopia

A growing number of studies focusing on education systems in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were published in Western academia during recent years, reflecting international agendas for educational development, or debates triggered by political developments since 9/11 concerning the values taught in schools in Muslim majority countries in the Middle East and elsewhere. By assembling a collection of case studies scrutinising recent education reforms and textbooks in selected Middle Eastern countries, specifically with regard to history and social sciences, the present book thus contributes to a body of research that is located in a highly politicised context.

When Charlotte Mary Matheson began writing The Feather in 1929, numerous movements regarding women's rights were emerging. However, despite various references to contemporary issues, Matheson’s book initially did not receive much attention from critics; it was only after a few decades that The Feather became one of the best-selling novels, especially in Iran. In this article, a feminist reading of the novel was conducted on the basis of the alterity of the Other and the ethics of the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas. The common ground between the theories of feminism and Levinasian philosophy is the relationship between the Self and the Other, which according to both theories, needs to change. Traditionally, men were accepted as the dominant power or the Self and women as the second sex or the Other. On the other hand, ethics, according to Levinas, emphasizes a proper relationship between the Self and the Other. Hence, the kind of relationship between the Self and the Other and the alterity of the Other become important; thus, this relationship requires a new definition. This reading of the novel shows how the relationship between the Self and the Other in the story, which begins with carnal desires, eventually ends in a moral one. In addition, the female character rediscovers her independence and identity, which was initially dominated by men.

- by Critical Literary Studies (CLS) and +1
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- Ethics, Émmanuel Lévinas, Feminism, Alterity

This paper is an attempt to comprehensively study Polish national identity discourse, and examine to what extent it automated framing of newspaper coverage of a protracted event such as the Ukraine crisis in the period from late November 2013 until mid-March 2014. Lining out the key tensions of the discursive position of Poland as between 'Europe' and 'the East', the analysis will show, by turning its focus to Ukraine, that the Oriental discourse of Eastern Europe did not negatively impact upon Polish foreign policy towards Ukraine. Instead, the paradigm for the same had been the Eastern mission exercised through European soft power, and this, as argued, was especially visible during the ongoing Ukraine crisis. The findings of the study of coverage in Gazeta Wyborcza and Rzeczpospolita suggest that the papers accept the Polish diplomatic stance on the Ukrainian cause as national mission. While the openly Orientalist discourse of the past was only observed in relation...

- by Deborah Achtenberg
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- Self and Identity, Jewish Studies, Continental Philosophy, The Self

Due to the need of decentering language learners' conceptions and practices of " othering " against the target culture, it has become necessary to help them grow in critical cultural understanding and positive appreciation towards the richness of difference and plurality, as a transversal dimension of their intercultural competence. Thus, this paper seeks to summarize the literature on the notion of othering and its pedagogical possibilities to promote critical cultural awareness raising in the language classroom. It initially presents some theoretical contributions on the concepts of the " Other " and the " Self " and its dialectical relation, and later, it proposes four pedagogical tools that could enable learners to achieve the already mentioned objective.

This article examines one particular type of musical exoticism in Western music: representations of janissary music or mehter (Turkish military music). Representations of this music as exoticism — a way of recasting the relationship between self and other — are shaped by, among other things, the circumstances of their composition and the prevailing conventions of musical representation. Some of the conventions for representing janissary music draw heavily upon elements of mehter itself, while others use different foreign sources or Western constructs.
After reviewing briefly janissary music's role both in Turkish military campaigns and as a symbol of Turkish culture for Westerners, the paper examines mehter in some detail for the purposes of comparison. The study then proceeds chronologically, examining representations of janissary music by Lully, Rameau, Gluck, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. The changes in conventions for representing this music over the period in question (1670-1824) involve, among other things, the degree to which composers will familiar with janissary music and attempted to be faithful to it. There is a discernible progression toward and then away from use of actual mehter elements in these musical representations. The article traces this progression and examines the circumstances surrounding the period in the second half of the eighteenth century during which the representations were more faithful to janissary music.

- by Eric Rice
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- Mozart, Haydn, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Ludwig van Beethoven

Through the delineation of a trans-disciplinary parallel between wonder as the constitutive stage of philosophical thought and aesthetic defamiliarisation as a set of techniques through which the supposedly familiar is given back its... more

- by Shokoofehsadat Hosseini
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- Self and Identity, Paul Auster, Mikhail Bakhtin, Self and the Other

This column explores important theorizations of the Other from postcolonial studies. The piece begins with a general outline of theories of otherness and their origins in psychoanalysis, existentialist philosophy, and feminism. It then scrutinizes postcolonial studies’ various approaches to the self/other civilized/barbarian us/them binary. We start with Frantz Fanon’s and Edward W. Said’s influential analysis in their groundbreaking books The Wretched of the Earth and Orientalism. The article concludes with reference to what Derek Gregory terms the ‘colonial present’ of 9/11, the War on Terror, and scholarly responses from Gregory, Tzvetan Todorov and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.

- by Claire Chambers
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- Psychoanalysis, Postcolonial Studies, Jacques Lacan, Feminism

This paper is an endeavor to discuss Gilbert Ryle’s philosophy of mind in convergence with some contemporary debates, particularly the “immediacy” debate of first-person authority. An attempt has been made to show that Ryle’s thought when analyzed through the prism of immediacy debate of first-person authority also seems to claim and endorse first-person authority.

- by Muzaffar Ali
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- Philosophy of Mind, Philosophical Psychology, Self-Knowledge, Donald Davidson

The present paper aims to investigate the linguistic representation of voice in terms of language choice, lexical borrowing, representation of accent, and relexification (i.e. literal translation), in three novels written about Egypt, namely Newby's The Picnic at Sakkara (1955), Durrell's (1958) Balthazar, and Soueif's In the Eye of the Sun (1992). By studying multilingualism in three novels about Egypt (two written by foreigners who lived in Egypt for approximately five years each, and one by a bilingual, bicultural Egyptian), this paper draws conclusions on the three writers' representation of voice-i.e. their concept of, and attitude to, the Self and the Other, as well as some culture-specific, deeply-rooted Egyptian concepts and elements as opposed to universal ones.

- by Ola Hafez and +1
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- Multilingualism, The Novel, Identity (Culture), Cultural Identity