Orientalism Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This work reflects on how the representation of the Arab world has evolved in three fictional works that have emerged in the second decade of the 21st century: Homeland (Showtime Networks, 2011-2020), Tyrant (FX Network-Fox, 2014-2016), and Jack Ryan (Amazon Prime Video, 2018-). The goal is to determine whether the main socio-political milestones that occurred during this period (the Arab Spring, Syrian Civil War, appearance of ISIS, etc.) have transformed the already classic theories of authors such as Edward Said, Jack Shaheen, or Evelyn Alsultany, among others. A viewing and analysis of the first season of each show demonstrates that the panorama has not improved in terms of discourse, topics, and stereotypes. It is clear, therefore, that the lens of 9/11 is still very present in the Hollywood mindset regarding Arabs, Muslims, and Islam.

- by
- •
- Media Studies, Terrorism, Middle East Studies, Media
- by Pavel Alekseev
- •
- Russian Studies, Russian Literature, Translation Studies, Romanticism

This essay makes a case for reorientation in the controversially discussed matter of how the relationship between Orientalism and Zionism should be interpreted. It abandons the notion of convergence between both spheres, postulating instead that a tradition of downright resistance to Orientalism is inscribed into German literary Zionism. To exemplify the potential of this reorientation for new insights into both postcolonial and German-Jewish history, a discus- sion is provided of Theodor Herzl’s novel The Old New Land (1902), Felix Salten’s Neue Menschen auf alter Erde (1925), and Franz Kafka’s Schakale und Araber (1917).

- by Sabine Müller
- •
- German Studies, German Literature, Palestine, Franz Kafka
- by Lorenzo Filippo Bacchini
- •
- Italian Studies, Postcolonial Studies, Renaissance Studies, Colonialism

Using an expression used by Fr. Rafael Blueau in his “Vocabulário português e latino”, «Dares e Tomares» gives a brief panorama of the Portuguese Orientalism connected with Asia since the early modern age until today, focusing on its three main agents:
a) The State, with its pragmatic outlook to collect information needed to take decisions in its Asian Empire, never felt the need to create institutions in Portugal or in India dedicated to teach languages or any other knowledge, as it relayed heavily on the recruitment of local agents to fulfil that task until the nineteenth century. Therefore the history of state-sponsored Orientalism in Portugal is but a sad record of continuous resumptions and breaks, with no institutional continuity;
b) The Church, with a more enduring and complex approach, was the most important agent of Orientalism in Portugal thanks to its missionary activity in Asia. Despite its final objective being the conversion of Asians, which led its members to learn languages and write the first dictionaries and grammars, the missionaries provided a rich and varied picture of the Asian societies and cultures in their writings, which were divulged in Europe through print or circulated in manuscript form in the intellectual circles of the continent. They remained active for over 300 years, though it was noticeable a decline in their activity and production after 1700; but the final blow was given by the State with the extinction of the religious orders: first the Jesuits (1759) and later the remaining still active in Asia (1834);
c) And finally the “Topaz”, either the interpreter, the mestizo or the Asian converted to Catholicism, who worked as a cultural broker between his society of origin and the one created by Portugal in Asia. First as interpreters, they evolved in time and some of them accompanied the change of paradigm in Orientalism in the nineteenth century, and became very active in the field of Indology, and most of them came from Goa.

"Our volume brings together twelve essay, covering a wide period for the perception of Dalmatia -- from the sixteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries – and from various perspectives and through various media.... Together, the essays in this volume create a rich collage of fragments, telling a story of the multi-layered heritage of Dalmatia, which only expands and mul- tiplies through further research. These are fragments connected through time, over various disciplines and media; they are linked by a desire for travel, dialogue, and above all for the sightlines and perspectives of the “other” gaze – so that Dalmatia might be experienced as a component in a shared cultural heritage, whose currents and threads touch and intertwine, just like the research of the authors whose work this book brings together." -- Ana Šverko, "Preface: A Collage of Fragments"

- by Katrina O'Loughlin and +2
- •
- Travel Writing, Women's Studies, Middle East Studies, Women's travel narratives
- by Filipe Nunes de Carvalho
- •
- History, Chinese Studies, Bibliography, Historiography

Compte rendu Hassan Rachik.- Le Proche et le lointain. Un
siècle d’anthropologie au Maroc, par Cédric Baylocq,
Rachik nous offre ici une remarquable synthèse critique de
l’anthropologie orientaliste et postorientaliste qui se révèle très utile pour tout enseignant en anthropologie du Maroc…
Biais épistémologiques, ethnocentrisme, situation ethnographique, Edmond Doutté, Edward Westermarck, anthropologie coloniale, Jacques Berque, Clifford Geertz, Ernest Gellner

- by Hassan Rachik
- •
- Anthropology, Postcolonial Studies, Morocco, Orientalism
- by Reina Lewis
- •
- Travel Writing, Orientalism, Pierre Loti, Grace Ellison

Religion and Orientalism in Asian Studies analyzes the role of religion in past and present understandings of Asia. Religion, and the history of its study in the modern academy, has exercised massive influence over Asian Studies fields in the past century. Asian Studies has in turn affected, and is increasingly shaping, the study of religion. Religion and Orientalism in Asian Studies looks into this symbiotic relationship - both in current practice, and in the modern histories of both Orientalism and Area Studies

- by Kiri Paramore
- •
- Religion, History, Sociology of Religion, Asian Studies

This article examines the poetry written by Ahatanhel Kryms'kyi, a leading Ukrainian modernist intellectual, poet, writer, Orientalist, and homosexual, during his two-year Middle Eastern sojourn. In this article I argue that Kryms'kyi was encouraged to make his Middle Eastern journey in 1896−98 not only by his academic and personal interests in Muslim culture, but also by the repressive homophobic environment in the Russian Empire, with its taboo on writing or even speaking about homosexual themes. The Middle East’s abundant “homotext,” moreover, was quite familiar to Kryms'kyi, and attracted him no less than the physical escape this destination afforded. The poet undertook this journey, then, to fulfill long-denied desires, overcome long-held fears, and seek freedom of expression; in Beirut he would be exposed to homoeroticism in all its forms. In particular, this study examines how homoeroticism in Kryms'kyi’s writing, which has gone largely unacknowledged by commentators, became articulated specifically in the poetry he wrote in the Orient—a place that afforded homosexual and homotextual experience. The article correlates the poetic character of Kryms'kyi’s texts with the spatio-cultural locations in which they were created: the Middle East, where he had the freedom to enjoy homoeroticism, and the Russian Empire, where this was repressed. The geographic, social, and moral remoteness of the Orient from his native milieu allowed Kryms'kyi to express his unspeakable “sin.” Finally, the analysis calls attention to this tendency of utterance as a common thread connecting Ukrainian and European gay modernist writing.

- by Alex Averbuch
- •
- Queer Theory, Gay Literature, Ukrainian Literature, Orientalism

‘Based on exhaustive work in numerous archives and in several languages, Lorenzo Kamel has produced what I think is one of the most definitive works on the transition from empire to nation-state. It is impressively ambitious and does what many major historians have been promising to do: to show how hard, Western conceptions of identity shaped and formed the thinking and decisions of statesmen and other political elites in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It also deals with the penetration of hard national categories among the various peoples of the empire. It is an authoritative book and will be very widely consulted.’
NICHOLAS DOUMANIS
Author of Before the Nation and Professor, School of Humanities and Languages, The University of New South Wales – Sydney
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
‘This book will make an important mark on the field. From Empire to Sealed Identities shows the ways in which ethnic and other divisions were historically constructed in the Middle East under the influence of imperial powers. The work combines meticulous archival research in multiple languages with careful analysis of broader trends to map the transition from empire to homogenized nation-states. This ability to document with rich detail and at the same time be able to present the larger picture with great clarity is rare. The author pulls off the feat with great erudition.’
BETH BARON
Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate Center and City College, CUNY
Past President, Middle East Studies Association (MESA)
Director, Middle East and Middle Eastern American Center
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
‘In this engaging revisionary study, Lorenzo Kamel shows how modern Western-ist intellectual prejudices have distorted our understanding of identity and conflict in the modern Middle East. Based on original archival research and an exhaustive survey of secondary literature, the author reveals a world that can only be characterized as “medieval” if one misunderstands the Middle Ages. Focussing on the long nineteenth century, the book provides a chronological continuation of much of the most interesting work being done in pre-modern Mediterranean Studies.’
BRIAN A. CATLOS
Author of Muslims of Latin Christendom and Professor, Faculty of Religious Studies, University of Colorado Boulder
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
‘Lorenzo Kamel is a dedicated and meticulous scholar, extremely experienced and internationally recognized for his research methodology. His extensive archival work, which forms the basis of many of his most important publications, is impressive by any academic standard. His archival research, informed by exemplary linguistic skills, has, without question, created new understandings of the complex dynamics shaping our inquiry into modern European empires, and the history of the Middle East in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Middle East from Empire to Sealed Identities will continue this outstanding trend.’
SARA ROY
Senior Research Scholar, Harvard University’s Center for Middle Eastern Studies (CMES)

- by Nebahat Avcioglu
- •
- Ottoman History, Architecture, Architectural History, Islamic' Architecture

En este texto se destaca la presencia de Guadalupe Nettel en la narrativa mexicana como una voz que experimenta con los imaginarios geográficos de China, Japón y México. En este texto se destaca la presencia de Guadalupe Nettel en la narrativa mexicana como una voz que experimenta con los imaginarios geográficos de China, Japón y México. Se posiciona la figura de Nettel como una escritora que consolida una estética producto del intercambio literario con Oriente y América Latina.

- by Berenice Romero
- •
- Asian Studies, Comparative Literature, Japanese Literature, Intertextuality

Cette communication a été présentée dans le cadre du colloque "Portraits et représentations des anciens Pays-Bas (XVIe - XVIIe siècles)" organisé par le CREHS et l'Université d'Artois les 8 et 9 novembre 2018. Les actes du colloque feront... more

- by Mathilde Semal
- •
- Costume and Identity, Portraiture, History of Art, Orientalism

In this book I endeavour to offer a concise account of Islamic archaeology as it has developed and is today in the region of
geographical Syria-Palestine. The region offers the archaeologist particular attractions in dealing with an Islamic past as a result of the tremendous advances made in relevant archaeological research in the last few decades. This work proposes new ways of understanding and interpreting the first Islamic centuries in Syria-Palestine, based on clear and verifiable information gleaned from a range of archaeological discoveries.

Professeur de littérature et politiste, père fondateur des postcolonial studies, Edward W. Saïd s’efforce dans cet ouvrage de questionner la représentation occidentale de l’Orient du XVIIIe à nos jours. La désignation de l’Orient comme rival culturel, figé dans une altérité fondamentale par la communauté des orientalistes, constituerait ainsi une modalité du pouvoir colonial.
Ce papier a vocation à restituer la pensée d'Edward Saïd dans toute sa rigueur, tout en adoptant une approche originale qui puisse combiner un effort de synthèse et un effort de commentaire.

- by Théo Blanc
- •
- Edward Said, Orientalism, Orientalisme
- by William Kynan-Wilson
- •
- History, European History, Cultural History, Cultural Studies

Two Systems, Two Countries is an unabashedly heterodox addition to a growing body of critical work on the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) suppression of local identity and political freedoms in Hong Kong. What Carrico’s contribution uniquely provides is a penetrating analysis of the various schools of thought that make up the diverse landscape of Hong Kong nationalism.

Modern Türkiye’de Siyasî Düşünce külliyatının Modernleşme ve Batıcılık cildini inceleyeceğiz. Bu cilt dizinin diğer kitapları gibi çeşitli düşünürlerin yazılarından oluşmaktadır. Külliyat siyasi fikirlere odaklanmışken bu cildin de... more

In this paper I consider a range of some of the most popular and widely-read travel accounts from male and female travellers to Italy, from the late-eighteenth to the early-nineteenth centuries. I argue that the 1820s was key to the growing importance of domestic ‘virtue’ in Britain’s understanding of itself as a nation, in terms of civic and political stability at home, and national ‘superiority’ abroad. Travel writing was an essential part of this process. Ideas at home were reflected and reinforced by British middle-class travellers’ changing observations of Italian domesticity in the same period. Travel-writing was a particularly popular genre in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, widely reviewed by periodicals and journals, and ‘outrun in popularity among the reading public only by theology’. Travellers’ accounts were therefore an influential medium for reflecting and propagating popular themes and ideas and a useful tool to analyse a ‘broad range of cultural, political and historical debates’.

- by David Robinson and +1
- •
- Travel Writing, Gender, Social Class, India

"James Joyce, as a postcolonial Irishman, understands the connection between Ireland and the Orient . In his texts, his characters often contemplate the Orient while numbly living out their routines in Ireland, but Joyce’s Irish Oriental aesthetic goes far beyond his characters’ small mindedness and paralysis. My intent in this paper is to discover how Joyce interacts with the commonly understood category of Irish Orientalism through his texts, characters, and styles of writing. I begin my argument by defining Irish Orientalism in the context of Orientalism and history. Next, I analyze select elements of “Araby” from Dubliners and “Lotus Eaters” from Ulysses, demonstrating how they either confirm or subvert traditional conceptions of Irish Orientalism. I conclude my essay with a contemplation of other critics’ views on Joyce’s Irish Oriental aesthetic and establish my own argument in light of my close readings of the texts “Araby” and “Lotus Eaters.” I propose that Joyce neither fully confirms nor subverts the concept of Irish Orientalism; ultimately, I argue that Joyce’s works promote a new vision of Irish Orientalism that is organic and transformative and that demonstrates bravely how a postcolonial entity like Ireland (or the Orient) can begin to recreate its own identity separate from imperialism."

- by Sam Lauer
- •
- Aesthetics, Irish Literature, James Joyce, Post-Colonialism
- by Matthew Melvin-Koushki and +1
- •
- Intellectual History, Ottoman History, Material Culture Studies, Renaissance Studies

Ce guide été conçu dans le cadre des travaux du Groupement d’intérêt scientifique (GIS) Moyen-Orient et mondes musulmans, pour recenser l'ensemble des bibliothèques et médiathèques françaises possédant des fonds utiles pour la recherche sur le Maghreb, le Moyen-Orient et les mondes musulmans.
Eric Vallet (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) en a coordonné la rédaction.

- by Eric Vallet
- •
- Arabic Literature, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Islamic Studies, Islamic History
- by Hugh Urban
- •
- Sexuality, Magic and the Occult (Anthropology Of Religion), Tantra, Orientalism
- by Abhishek Sangavikar
- •
- Philology, Literature, Sanskrit language and literature, Manuscript Studies

This paper introduces the presence of Islam and Islamic culture in the work of Fernando Pessoa. It consists of a chronological and textual overview of these themes in the author's writing and intellectual course. Focusing primarily on Pessoa's literary estate and private library, this paper points out and presents Pessoa's interests in Islam, Islamic Philosophy, Arabic literature, Omar Khayyām and al-Andalus. A hermeneutical, cultural and bio-bibliographical framework is proposed and further research possibilities are suggested. The paper is followed by a publication of twelve texts from the author's literary estate concerning these themes.

- by Fabrizio Boscaglia
- •
- Arabic Literature, Islamic Philosophy, Sufism, Fernando Pessoa
- by Alexander Henn
- •
- Early Modern History, History of Religion, Portuguese Studies, Portuguese History

Said’in oryantalizm kavramını siyasal literatüre kazandırmasından sonra kavram, Doğulu toplumların modernite ile kurdukları ilişkiyi açıklamak açısından doğurgan bir şekilde içeriğini geliştirmektedir. Artık Doğu-Batı ikileminde düşülmeyen kavram, Doğulu toplumların kendi kendini doğulaştırması olarak yeni anlamlar kazanmıştır. Çalışmada bu anlam genişlemesinin izleri sürülecektir. Self Oryantalizm başlığı altında toplanan bu anlam genişliğinin sınırları ilk başlığın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İkinci başlıkta self oryantalizmin anlam dünyasının mekansal genişliği bölgeler ve ulus-devletler bağlamında tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca kolonyalist zorlayıcı oryantalizm ile iradi oryantalizm arasındaki farklılıklar ele alınmaktadır. Üçüncü başlık self oryantalizm sürecinin oluşumu ve tarihsel gelişimi ile ilgilidir. Self oryantalist paradigmayı oluşturan/icat eden araçlar olarak birincil temas bölgeleri, entelektüel canlanma, kültürel özcülük, homojen toplumsallık ve ulus devletleşme süreçleri analiz edilmektedir. Self oryantalizmin toplumsal tutumunu sağlayan sürdürücü araçlar olarak ise, yasalar, medya, moda ve ikincil temas bölgelerinin oluşumu ele alınmıştır.

- by Bünyamin Bezci and +1
- •
- Modernism, Orientalism, Modernizm, Oryantalizm
- by Kareem El Hidjaazi
- •
- Islam in Europe, Sufism, Islam, Islamophobia

This article uses Spain's participation at the Cairo Congress of Arab Music (1932) as the basis to raise questions pertaining to the place of Arab music in the racial imagination of Europeans. It argues that Spain's unique response to the challenges arising from the study of Arab music in a context of colonial rivalry reveals still uncharted tensions and fractures running through musicology and Orientalist discourse at the time. My line of inquiry sheds light on the origins and characteristics of the forms of self-reflexivity evident in the musicological work produced by Spain and other European countries. In what ways did the shifting tectonics of North African politics impact or even impair the capacity of European musicological discourse to inscribe Arab music in the global imagination in ways supportive of Europe's identity projects? To what extent was the discourse on Arab music emerging in the context of colonial rivalry suitable for Spain to rewrite the memories of its past of anti-Muslim violence? What could Spain's unique position as both an insider and an outsider relative to notions of Europe reveal about western attitudes towards Arab music in a context of colonial rivalry? The answers to these questions lie not only with the peculiar ways in which Spain addressed its identity crises, but also with the extent to which the Cairo Congress exposed the inadequacy of reigning paradigms in musicology, anthropology and the social sciences, and underscored their inability to keep up with the changing face of North African societies.

- by Samuel Llano
- •
- Music, Spanish Studies, Ethnomusicology, Race and Ethnicity
- by Alexander Bevilacqua
- •
- Cultural History, Music, Intercultural Communication, Translation Studies
- by Jaimee Comstock-Skipp
- •
- Colonialism, Orientalism, Disney, Art Deco