Seychelles Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by Esben Budtz-Jørgensen
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- Research Design, Child Development, Diet, Denmark

ObjectiveTo establish the Fe status of pregnant women and their neonates in the Republic of Seychelles.DesignA prospective study.SettingRepublic of Seychelles.SubjectsPregnant women were recruited and blood samples taken at enrolment and post-delivery along with cord blood samples. Ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in maternal (n 220) and cord blood (n 123) samples.ResultsMaternal Fe deficiency (ferritin < 15 ng/ml, sTfR > 28 nmol/l) was present in 6 % of subjects at enrolment and in 20 % at delivery. There was no significant decrease in maternal ferritin. A significant increase in sTfR was observed between enrolment and delivery (P…

- by Gary Myers
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- Public Health Nutrition, Public Health, Prospective studies, Pregnancy
- by Justin Gerlach
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- Ecology, Biological invasions, Seychelles
- by Pascal Bovet
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- Developing Countries, Linear models, Metabolic syndrome, Indian Ocean
- by Pascal Bovet
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- Obesity, Clinical Epidemiology, Population Health, Cardiovascular disease
- by Pascal Bovet
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- Education, Obesity, Public Health, Adolescent
- by Jack Frazier
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- Western Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Testudines, Seychelles

In the capitals and think tanks around the world much debate has taken place on the importance of the Indo-Pacific as a new regional framework. Increasingly, the Indo-Pacific is treated as a fact, not as a geopolitical regional construct. Discussions focus on how to engage with the new region and design strategies. The 2021 AUKUS agreement is a good example of the shifts in thinking that the Indo-Pacific implies. Attention is turned to mini-lateral agreements and traditional military thought. Strategies issued by the UK, France or the EU have a similar emphasis. What does Indo-Pacific thinking imply for small island states such as the Seychelles? On the surface, agreements such as AUKUS and the new regional construction of the Indo-Pacific do not matter much for small island concerns. Yet, as I show in this contribution Seychelles and other small island states in the region need to pay close attention to the developments that Indo-Pacific discourses imply and need to start strategizing how they find their voice in the debate.

This examination of quadrille dancing in the Caribbean and the Mascarene archipelagos offers an embodied theory of creolization as cultural process. Through close reading of French, Creole, and English sources, field research, and attentiveness to the pleasures of social dance, I reveal the creolized quadrille as a balancing act between choreogenesis, or the emergence of new segments within the quadrille’s multi-part structure, and the fractal incorporation of such segmentation within that structure. An incompatibility with the logic of the market results, which, over the longue durée, is balanced by the creolized quadrille’s postcolonial memorialization within a festival economy. I emplace these arguments in a transoceanic frame through which we grasp together broader developments in the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds that connect Europe and its (post)colonies. The creolized quadrille then emerges as a transoceanic leisure form that sheds light on creolization as an economic and cultural force within global modernity.

How do concepts emerge and change? This chapter investigates the concept of the 'blue economy'. The concept was originally proposed as an alternative to the 'green economy' and as a way of thinking innovation and sustainability. Over the years it has evolved into a concept that is primarily about the economic potential of the sea. The developing blue economy agenda aims at providing new direction for ocean governance, maritime trade, ocean resource exploration and ocean health. Increasingly it is also linked to concerns over maritime security. The chapter investigates the twist and turns that the concept of blue economy has been taking. It draws on a practice theoretical framework that argues that we should appreciate the way in which concepts are responses to concrete problematic situations. A range of such problematic situations are investigated. The chapter offers both, a rich empirical case from one of the least studied areas of global governance, as well as a new way of thinking about conceptual change in practice. Concepts are one of the basic linguistic material of international politics. Yet, the study of concepts is often reduced to a concern of historians of international thought. This misunderstanding is gradually corrected, 1 the awareness is growing that concepts are also a productive entry point for understanding contemporary international politics and how it changes. This new recognition is linked to the re-evaluation of linguistic structures as part of the introduction of discourse-theoretical and post-structuralist thoughts to the discipline of international relations (IR). These textualist perspectives have well advanced our understanding of why and how language matters in international politics. They, however, tend to focus on larger systems of meaning and do not scrutinize single concepts, their evolution, and career. In this chapter, I argue for basing the study of concepts on a practice theoretical perspective. 2 I draw on a contemporary and recently emerged concept: the Blue Economy. The concept of Blue Economy emerged over the last decade as a new way of thinking about and governing the oceans. I use the case of this concept to develop three interrelated claims for practice-based concept analysis: Firstly, following the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Dewey I suggest that the meaning of a concept lies in its use. Concepts have no inherent meaning outside of their use. For Wittgenstein concepts are part of what he called " language games ". For Dewey, making a similar argument decades earlier, concepts had to be seen as part of " conjunct activities " of a community of functional language use. Rather than " language games " or " conjunct activities " I suggest the more established term of " practice " , to refer to the sets of activities within which concepts are used. In consequence, the study of concepts implies to study the practices of which concepts are part, the collectives that carry and enact the practice and the situations they are part (practical configurations).

- by Christian Bueger
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- African Studies, Oceanography, Practice theory, Conceptual change

This paper analyzes the perspectives and priorities of Indian Ocean island states—especially Sri Lanka—in a region of great powers. Analysis of international relations in the Indo-Pacific is understandably focused on the great powers such as India and the United States, but the examination often ends there. Although the region’s island countries may be small, their strategic locations, their relations with traditionally dominant India, their growing ties with China, and rising trade and investment opportunities—especially in infrastructure development—make them an important area of analytical inquiry.

- by Nilanthi Samaranayake
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- Indian studies, South Asian Studies, South Asia, Sri Lanka

This essay considers a South African plot to kidnap and torture senior members of the African National Congress working in London in 1987 to extract information from them, and explores the response of the British state to this conspiracy. Using previously unexamined documents from the files of Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office revealed following a Freedom of Information request, supplemented by interviews in the
United Kingdom, South Africa and Norway, we make the following arguments. First, that the extent of South African covert activity abroad during the apartheid period has been underestimated and remains insufficiently explored. Secondly, that the agents of the South African security services continued to pursue their activities after the end of apartheid. Thirdly, that considerable information about these activities has yet to be revealed as it is held in government files that remain closed.

The position of small states in international relations is traditionally described in terms of vulnerability and dependence. This dominant perspective is largely incomplete and inaccurate, because it disregards the element of exchange that characterizes the international linkages between many small and large states. In this article, I aim to outline and motivate an alternative model on the basis of which such relationships can be understood, which has been referred to as the international patron–client framework. After providing an overview of the contemporary academic literature on the role of small states in international politics, two sections follow in which I motivate the applicability of the patron–client framework to the field of international relations, and in which I explain the motives of both patron and client states. Subsequently, the accuracy and usefulness of the framework is examined on the basis of interview data gathered during field research in the three small client states of St. Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, and Palau. The findings of this analysis indicate that the patron–client linkage offers a more fruitful model to study the relations between small and large states than the existing literature does, because it recognizes the element of exchange that such relationships entail.

- by Wouter Veenendaal
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- Foreign Policy Analysis, Small States, Small Island Developing States, Palau
- by Nilanthi Samaranayake
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- Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indian Ocean World, Bangladesh Studies

The draft paper as at 24th April which is updated from the draft made for the oral presentation session (5th April 2017 does not contain any references and text errors needed corrections). The paper is still being worked on with more sections being added with some aspect areas clarified in more detail. Others are being reviewed. Due to the closure of the Parliament in the UK early for the snap elections, the text is still unfinished and will be resumed for the new Parliament session with no end date set yet. The document is best viewed by a download to Microsoft Word as web browsers tend to muddle the layout. Please note that the ice sheet mass balance changes occur mainly in nearby Iceland, Jan Mayen and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rather than Greenland itself. (High viscous, low nucleation events pushing very cool, effusive, almost 'solid' lava incursions vertically up like the Mascarene volcanism of Mauritius are rare anomalies from a misaligned hotspot influencing further afield - and therefore far less likely.)

- by Veli Albert Kallio
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- Nuclear Engineering, Russian Studies, Glaciology, International Relations

Dans cet article, nous questionnons la représentation de la diversité culturelle en milieu créole seychellois et ses enjeux autour des deux événements culturels majeurs aux Seychelles: le Festival Kreol des Seychelles et le Carnaval international de Victoria. Pour ce faire, les concepts de patrimoine, de diversité culturelle et de créolité sont à la fois définis par rapport à la littérature et au terrain seychellois, puis juxtaposés afin de faire ressortir les dynamiques à l’œuvre dans les constructions patrimoniales locales. Nous sommes d’avis que la construction et la représentation d’un patrimoine national seychellois se définissent à partir des discours sur la diversité culturelle, portés par la créolité. Le recours à la créolité varie toutefois avec le temps, ainsi qu’en fonction de la place et de la signification qui lui sont accordées, et laisse transparaître des valeurs changeantes dans la société sey- chelloise. Nous suggérons que la construction d’un patrimoine se définit initialement comme créole – en tant que symbole de la diversité culturelle – dans le cadre du Festival Kreol, à partir de 1986. Survient ensuite un changement de paradigme dans l’interprétation du concept de diversité culturelle avec le Carnaval de Victoria, depuis 2011, qui voit la diversité culturelle d’un point de vue global. Dans les deux concep- tions, parler du patrimoine culturel seychellois renvoie principalement aux origines du peuplement des Seychelles. Somme toute, la diversité culturelle reste toutefois centrale dans le projet de définition de la société seychelloise et de son patrimoine.

- by Marie-Christine Parent
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- Cultural Policy, Cultural Heritage, Heritage Studies, Festival Tourism

En juillet 2014, le ministre du Tourisme et de la Culture des Seychelles annonçait la mise en place officielle d’un nouveau festival dédié au moutya, genre musical spécifique de ce petit pays et archipel de l’océan Indien. Cette contribution vise à retracer l’émergence de ce festival naissant, du point de vue d’une ethnomusicologue qui a effectué ses recherches sur le terrain (entre janvier 2011 et février 2014), soit avant l’annonce de la mise en place officielle du festival par le ministre. Il ne s’agit donc pas d’une ethnographie du festival, mais plutôt d’un examen, bien que partiel, de la genèse de ce dernier, qui s’est construit à la suite d’une série d’évènements. J’insisterai ici sur la conception de cette pratique musicale locale appelée moutya et sur les enjeux de ces nouvelles mises en scène. Plus encore, nous verrons la pertinence du festival et du tourisme comme levier de sauvegarde et de revitalisation du moutya.

- by Marie-Christine Parent
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- Festivals and music, Cultural Policy, Ethnomusicology, Cultural Heritage

This article examines the rise of maritime security in concept and practice. We argue that developments in the maritime arena have flown beneath the radar of much mainstream international relations and security studies scholarship, and that a new agenda for maritime security studies is required. In this article we outline the contours of such an agenda, with the intention of providing orientation and direction for future research. Our discussion is structured into three main sections, each of which outlines a core dimension of the maritime security problem space. We begin with a discussion of the issues and themes that comprise the maritime security agenda, including how it has been theorized in security studies to date. Our argument is that the marine environment needs to be understood as part of an interlinked security complex, which also incorporates strong connections between land and sea. Second, we examine the ways in which maritime security actors have responded to these challenges in practice, focusing on issues of maritime domain awareness, coordination of action, and operations in the field. Third, we turn to the mechanisms through which the new maritime security agenda is being disseminated to local actors through a process of devolved security governance. We focus particularly on efforts to distribute knowledge and skills to local actors through capacity building and security sector reform. In the conclusion, we outline the future challenges for maritime security studies that follow from these observations.

- by Christian Bueger
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- Oceanography, International Relations, International Relations Theory, Terrorism

We analyze mitochondrial genomes to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic framework for caecilian amphibians and use this to investigate life-history evolution within the group. Our study comprises 45 caecilian mitochondrial genomes (19 of them newly reported), representing all families and 27 of 32 currently recognized genera, including some for which molecular data had never been reported. Support for all relationships in the inferred phylogenetic tree is high to maximal, and topology tests reject all investigated alternatives, indicating an exceptionally robust molecular phylogenetic framework of caecilian evolution consistent with current morphology-based supraspecific classification. We used the mitogenomic phylogenetic framework to infer ancestral character states and to assess correlation among three life-history traits (free-living larvae, viviparity, specialized pre-adult or vernal teeth), each of which occurs only in some caecilian species. Our results provide evidence that an...

- by Simon Loader
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- Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Zoology, Reproduction
- by Jean-Marie Grassin
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- Cultural Studies, Canadian Studies, World Literatures, Anthropology

A total of 261 mollusc species were found on Aride Island’s beach during the study period. Of these, 224 were Gastropods, 36 were Bivalves and one was a Cephalopod. Seven species, and a further seven specimens that could not be identified... more

- by Hannah Dugdale
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- Bivalves, Gastropods, Aride Island, Seychelles

Poésie seychelloise contemporaine, Contemporary Seychellois poetry, littérature seychelloise, littérature des Sechelles, poésie des Seychelles, Seychellois literature, literature of the Seychelles, poetry of the Seychelles, identité,... more

- by Károly Sándor Pallai
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- Comparative Literature, Self and Identity, Literature, Poetry
- by Rolph Payet
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- Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Seychelles
- by Wouter Veenendaal
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- Democracy, Political Representation, Palau, Seychelles

Hepatozoon parasites were examined for the first time in reptiles from the Seychelles Islands. Although both prevalence
and intensity were low, Hepatozoon species were detected in individuals from 2 endemic species, the lizard Mabuya wrightii and the snake Lycognathophis seychellensis. This was confirmed using visual identification and through sequencing part of the 18s rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Hepatozoon on the Seychelles form a monophyletic lineage, although more data are clearly needed to stabilize estimates of relationships based on this marker.

- by Joao Maia
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- Parasitology, Apicomplexans, Molecular Parasitology, Seychelles
- by Rolph Payet and +1
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- Climate Change Adaptation, Sustainable Water Resources Management, Seychelles

Cette contribution interroge les relations dialectiques entre la mise en tourisme des musiques locales aux Seychelles et les constructions / représentations identitaires. L’expérience touristique est ici abordée principalement du point de vue local, par une analyse des stratégies et processus de création des artistes locaux et de mise en scène de leur patrimoine musical dans le cadre de festivals ou dans les établissements hôteliers. Par leur rôle actif dans l’expérience offerte aux touristes, les musiciens et danseurs participent directement à la construction de l’image touristique des Seychelles ainsi qu’à l’élaboration de leur identité multiple. L’auteure démontre que l’espace touristique permet à la fois de se (ré)approprier, de valoriser et d’édifier le patrimoine musical local, qui trouve son authenticité davantage dans l’effet produit sur le visiteur, dans la rencontre avec l’Autre, que dans la reproduction de paramètres expressifs issus du passé.
This contribution is questioning dialectical relations between Seychelles’ local music “touristification” and identity constructions and representations. The touristic experience is analyzed here from the local perspective, based on local artistic creations and the processes and strategies of staging music and musical culture to reach tourists in hotels and festivals. Actively contributing to the touristic experience, musicians and dancers directly participate to the construction of the Seychelles’ touristic picture as well as to the elaboration of their multiple identities. The author shows how the touristic context contributes to seize, highlight and construct the local musical heritage, which authenticity is more in the visitor’s gesture or effect, in the encounter with the “Other”, than in the reproduction of expressive parameters emanating from the past.

- by Marie-Christine Parent
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- Cultural Studies, Music, Tourism Studies, Anthropology of Tourism
- by Ratish Menon
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- MARINE POLLUTION, Seychelles, Stomatopod, Squilla

Eriksen's chapter to the co-edited "Ethnic Groups and Boundaries Today" concerns the fuzzy frontiers rather than the boundary, arguing that the creole identity transcends the ethnic paradigm -- until it is being coopted by a pervasive,... more

- by Thomas Hylland Eriksen
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- Anthropology, Creolization, Ethnicity, Mauritius

At a time of rampant globalisation, large-scale operations are favoured over small-scale production in the main domains of the economy. This has political effects: domination by the big over the small is sought in both old and new ways; and cultural effects that influence from outside-such as Netflix, tourism and travel abroad-are intensified in the globally integrated information society. This in turn affects the media, language and self-identity, as well as being decisive for strategies in diplomacy, human security, planning and domestic politics. This article analyses the situation of the Seychelles in the 21st century: a small state, dependent on inputs from the outside world, and victim of a new form of colonialism. The country may still have potential to 'punch above its weight' and to hold its own, in spite of the disembedded, abstract economy of scale dominating this integrated, networked, accelerated, globalised world. For this to happen, a recognition and analysis of current changes are needed.

- by Thomas Hylland Eriksen
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- Anthropology, Development Studies, Scales, Seychelles

Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. East African cities flourished as hubs of both land and sea trade routes, which extended to the central African interior, Horn of Africa, Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean islands, western India and the Far East.

- by Erin Haney
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- Maritime History, Indian studies, Iranian Studies, East Africa
- by Justin Gerlach
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- Seychelles, Amphibians Taxonomy

Small island states are much more likely to have democratic regimes than large continental states. This trend also holds across Africa, where the five island states with populations of 1.5 million or less are all rated at least "partly free" by Freedom House. In this article we explore what it is about being a small island state that might explain this trend. Building on studies from other small island states, we find that the interaction between the two contextual factors is key to explaining their diversion from mainland trends in the African context. Specifically, "smallness" leads to closer links between citizens and politicians in addition to more effective service delivery, while "islandness" promotes community cohesion and provides a buffer against instability and conflict in neighbouring states. This results in a positive feedback loop that guards against authoritarian excess. Our focus on population size and geography thus adds to existing stud...

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) present a group of small island countries that tend to share similar sustainable development challenges, which except from small, but growing populations, limited resources, and extensive dependence on international trade, include remoteness, sensitivity to natural disasters and vulnerable environments. For these islands climate change is an everyday reality and nowhere in the world are its implications more immediate than on SIDS. This particularly includes sea level rise, contaminated water, increased coral bleaching, rise of the global average temperatures, high levels of unemployment and consequently brain drain and other migrations. The paper focuses on three distinctive geographic regions by analyzing climate challenges of following SIDS: Barbados (the Caribbean), Seychelles (Africa) and Tuvalu (Asia and Pacific). Although aforementioned states share similar destiny as a result of smallness and remoteness, as well as most of the climate challenges, at the same time they display completely different policies in addressing them. While Tuvalu is SIDS most affected by climate changes which endanger its survival and is mostly focused on preserving its statehood, Barbados and Seychelles are more prone to concrete policy responses by promoting renewable energy and blue economy.

- by Lidija Kos-Stanišić and +2
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- Climate Change, Barbados, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Seychelles
- by Nil Rahola
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- Medical Microbiology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Identification
- by Justin Gerlach
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- Conservation Biology, Bats (Mammalogy), Seychelles
- by Tanzy Love
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- Cognition, Child Development, Risk assessment, Linear models

Terrestrial hermit crabs rely upon empty gastropod shells to protect themselves from predation, desiccation and environmental stress (Orno et al., 1998). A study on Isabel island, Mexico found that Coenobita compressus significantly preferred the shell Nerita scabricosta to 11 other species (Guillen & Osorno, 1993). This was attributed to the shell’s high internal volume to weight ratio, which enabled mobility (Osorno et al., 1998). This study on Aride island set out to discover which shell species C. violascens prefers and why.

- by Hannah Dugdale
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- Hermit crabs, Coenobita violascens, Aride Island, Seychelles

The post 2015 Millennium Development Goals era is an opportune time to revisit and strengthen commitment to fulfil the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) rights of adolescents. Adolescents in the Seychelles face a number of barriers to accessing specific rights to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, education, privacy and confidential services. In 2007-2008, the Seychelles Ministry of Health and Social Development undertook the Project Child Wellbeing Survey to investigate the health of adolescents aged 12-19 years. Survey data suggests that the adolescents faced a number of barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive rights. Using a subset of the survey data, this paper considers human rights approaches to address these barriers and concludes that effective sexual and reproductive health programmes must be centred around adolescents, independently monitored and involve a multi-stakeholder approach given the resource-scarce SRH services in rural context.

- by cath conn and +1
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- Sexual and Reproductive Health, Youth, Seychelles, Youth and Women Empowerment

A newly developed latex agglutination assay for the detection of genus-specific Leptospira antibodies in human sera was evaluated. The assay is performed by mixing, on an agglutination card, serum with equal volumes of stabilized antigen-coated, dyed test and control latex beads and is read within 2 min. The latex agglutination test was evaluated with groups of serum samples from patients with leptospirosis and control patients from Hawaii, the Seychelles, Thailand, and The Netherlands. The mean overall sensitivity was 82.3%, and the mean overall specificity was 94.6%. The assay is easy to perform and does not require special skills or equipment. The reagents have a long shelf life, even at tropical temperatures. Together, these factors make the assay suitable for use even at the peripheral level of a health care system as a rapid screening test for leptospirosis.

- by Marga Goris
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- Clinical Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Humans, SHELF LIFE
- by Alan Friedlander
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- Biomass, Coral Reefs, Microalgae, Multidisciplinary
- by D Augot
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- Genetics, Phylogeography, Phylogeny, Female
- by Luis Carvalho
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- History, European History, European Studies, Art History

This chapter investigates the implications of the “Quad Plus” concept for Indian Ocean island states. To date, most “Quad Plus” countries have Pacific Ocean borders, whereas India is situated entirely in the Indian Ocean. Expanding the geographic aperture, what are the chances for smaller Indian Ocean island states to become part of this grouping? This chapter will consider the potential for states from Sri Lanka to Seychelles, Maldives to Mauritius, as well as French and British territories in the Indian Ocean, to play a role in the “Quad Plus”. Conversely, the chapter will also consider the diplomatic, operational, and conceptual factors that may inhibit this outcome. More broadly, the chapter will identify key issues and drivers among small states in the Indian Ocean that will be relevant to the future of the Indo-Pacific concept.

- by Nilanthi Samaranayake
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- Indian studies, Indian Ocean History, Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean World

Repeat marine heat wave‐induced mass coral bleaching has decimated reefs in Seychelles for 35 years, but how coral‐associated microbial diversity (microalgal endosymbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities) potentially underpins broad‐scale bleaching dynamics remains unknown. We assessed microbiome composition during the 2016 heat wave peak at two contrasting reef sites (clear vs. turbid) in Seychelles, for key coral species considered bleaching sensitive (Acropora muricata, Acropora gemmifera) or tolerant (Porites lutea, Coelastrea aspera). For all species and sites, we sampled bleached versus unbleached colonies to examine how microbiomes align with heat stress susceptibility. Over 30% of all corals bleached in 2016, half of which were from Acropora sp. and Pocillopora sp. mass bleaching that largely transitioned to mortality by 2017. Symbiodiniaceae ITS2‐sequencing revealed that the two Acropora sp. and P. lutea generally associated with C3z/C3 and C15 types, respectively, whereas C. aspera exhibited a plastic association with multiple D types and two C3z types. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that bacterial communities were coral host‐specific, largely through differences in the most abundant families, Hahellaceae (comprising Endozoicomonas), Rhodospirillaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae. Both Acropora sp. exhibited lower bacterial diversity, species richness, and community evenness compared to more bleaching‐resistant P. lutea and C. aspera. Different bleaching susceptibility among coral species was thus consistent with distinct microbiome community profiles. These profiles were conserved across bleached and unbleached colonies of all coral species. As this pattern could also reflect a parallel response of the microbiome to environmental changes, the detailed functional associations will need to be determined in future studies. Further understanding such microbiome‐environmental interactions is likely critical to target more effective management within oceanically isolated reefs of Seychelles.

- by Claudia Pogoreutz
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- Coral Reefs, Coral Bleaching, Bacteria, Seychelles
- by Tim Daw
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- Climate Change, Conservation Biology, Conservation, Resilience