Shophouse Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by and +1
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- Vernacular Architecture, Historic Urban Landscape, Shophouse, ตึกแถวการค้า

The Bangkok development is moving toward sprawl and mono-living housing development. The suggestion is to apply Open Building to Bangkok shophouses for mixed- use and sustainable development. Although, the numbers of shophouses are decreased, they have a potential to serve mixed-use development which can improve living quality in the city. The study addresses an approach to revise the existing shophouse structure by the support- design method to increase flexibility and e5asily adjustment.
The study is divided into two parts: survey and support design. The survey applies the questionnaire and typological study to reveal the existing conditions of 70 Bangkok shophouses in middle and periphery areas. Later, the typological study reveals the characteristics for the support design. Both studies suggest a modification or adjustment of the existing shophouse structures. The proposed shophouse support design is based on Habraken’s method. Consequently, the vertical shafts and stairs positions are added for serving variations.
The final support design are evaluated by the test group both Japanese and Thai architectural master students. The support and method are well accepted. Nevertheless, the comments point a limitation of design resulting from the vertical shafts and stairs position. The daylight and ventilation problems are raised. These problems need a further study to improve the support and quality of the shophouses.

- by Chamnarn Tirapas and +1
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- Design, Mixed use development, Flexible Architecture, Shophouse

The terminology and concept of city image is very much related to good city planning
and reflects strong image which, defined by Kelvin Andrew Lynch, a town-planner. He elaborates
such terminology with regarding to people perception on urban space in term of city legibility and
image-ability. Elizur who has classified city image as “rich” and “poor” in his study reminds of
prototype and stereotype city place respectively. City image generally refers to the characteristic of
a true urban image such as skylines, landmarks and panoramas. Architects, urban designers and
town-planners play a crucial role in carrying out the task of shaping the city image. However, when
discussion on city image which regards to economics point of view, city image could be interpreted
as active use and passive use in accordance to a paper presented by some scholars. Active use
means usage of the old buildings restoration and preservation which generates incomes to cover
their building’s maintenance and expenses. Examples such as cafés, boutique hotels, art galleries.
Conversely, passive use does not generate substantial income but contribute to and beneficial of the
community. Examples such as community library, museums and other social activity buildings.
Both active and passive use are portraying adaptive re-use of the old buildings. This paper unfolds
the common ground which integrates adaptive re-use of pre-war shophouse buildings as architecture
concept in Kuala Lumpur Chinatown (KLC) and contributing the city image under the term of
conservation. The study is conducted with photographic records, on site study, observation (visual
survey technique) and analysis.

- by Nangkula Utaberta
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- Shophouse
- by Oday Q Alchalabi and +2
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- Interior Design, Interior Design (Architecture), Traditional Interiors, Art and Design

The shophouse is one of the flexible housing types in Thailand. To increase its flexibility, a shophouse support is proposed. In this study, the proposed shophouse support is examined for a prospective implementation of the support-infill concept in Bangkok. The study investigates the concept understanding, the method of variation design of support, and the quality assessment which are creativity and variety, functional extendibility, and convertibility. Thus, the proposed shophouse support survey was sent to 35 voluntary Thai architects to design their layouts based on the given shophouse support and to provide feedback for an evaluation. The result reveals that the concept and the method are accepted and have potentials for application. However, a simple explanation and comfortable procedure are required. The test shows that the shophouse support quality is also accepted. Nevertheless, building renovation regulations should be included as a criterion for a new support design and as a flexible factor. In addition, improvement of prefabrication and infill system are advised to promote the support-infill in practice. Increase of flexibility acknowledgement and undetermined functional design are also recommended for promoting the method and the future shophouse support and design.

- by Chamnarn Tirapas and +1
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- Evaluation, Flexible design, Bangkok, Architects

Historic areas in Malaysia started to get recognized of its economic benefit after the recognition of Malacca and George Town as a World Heritage Site in 2008 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The UNESCO status has attracted many investors to fund the conservation of its cultural built heritage-the shophouses. Recent studies show that the price for the property increased since its designation. The aim of this study is to identify the current average price per square feet of the shophouses around the Melaka main city. The scope of the study would be the price of shophouses along the main streets of Bandar Melaka. The data collected for this study were from previous research regarding property value in Melaka and Malaysia and the recorded transaction of properties in Bandar Melaka. The study uses a software, an ArcGIS 10.0, that produces an Isolines map showing the average price of the Melaka main city shophouses around its main streets in the year 2010-2016. Different colour in the map indicates different range of average prices. The red colour indicates the high price range while the blue indicates low price ranges. The results however are just a prediction, because the price might be influenced by other factors. The study will benefit the future generation to predict the next average prices of the shophouses in Melaka.

- by Nur Hidayah Hajar
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- Unesco, Urban Economy, Property Price, UNESCO world heritage

What has urban space to do with economics? This paper investigates the relationship between urban space and urban economy focusing on the way centralities emerge across scales. A method is presented that combines space syntax theories and an economic model of trade-off that refers to the relation between rent and access. This is based on proposing that distance is shaped by the network of streets and not as measure from place to place. Therefore, economies take place in differences of space. Accessibility, is argued, becomes an important matter of scale in order to understand how economic actions are materialised in urban space and how space affects socio-economic interactions at the local design scale of the city. Properties of this relationship are investigated through rent values of different real estate property markets in the city of Cardiff, UK. The method identifies the spatial distribution of activities across scales. Firstly, it is shown that trade-off modelling in the street configuration can be devised as a global pattern of concentration of activities. Secondly, that trading between cost and access is a local process that can take place in different locations in the city that function as sub-centres. Thirdly, rent and access also encourages people to re-adapt urban spaces for economic benefits, generating mixed uses contained in the same real estate, the commercial-residential building. Finally, the implications of combining space syntax techniques with economic models are discussed. It is concluded that while spatial configurations create possibilities for economic activity, this should also be viewed as the reverse approach of how urban economics requires proximity in distance to be produced –a relationship that has not yet been approached in space syntax research.

- by Laura Narvaez and +1
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- Architecture, Space Syntax, Spatial Configuration, Urban form

เรือนแถวพื้นถิ่นในภูมิทัศน์ย่านประวัติศาสตร์ชุมชนตลาดล่าง เมืองลพบุรี
(Vernacular Rowhouse in Historic Urban Landscape of
Talad Lang Rama Street, Lopburi Province)
กุลพัชร์ เสนีวงศ์ ณ อยุธยา และเกรียงไกร เกิดศิริ
Kullaphut Sene Na Ayuddhaya and Kreangkrai Kirdsiri.
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การอ้างอิง
กุลพัชร์ เสนีวงศ์ ณ อยุธยา และเกรียงไกร เกิดศิริ. "เรือนแถวพื้นถิ่นในภูมิทัศน์ย่านประวัติศาสตร์ชุมชนตลาดล่าง เมืองลพบุรี"
ในวารสารวิชาการ คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น, ปีที่ 15 ฉบับที่ 1 (มกราคม-มิถุนายน) ประจำปี 2559.
ขอนแก่น: คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น. หน้า 77-98.
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บทคัดย่อ:
อาคารแถวในภูมิทัศน์ย่านประวัติศาสตร์ของตัวเมืองจังหวัดลพบุรี ตั้งอยู่สองฟากของถนนพระรามซึ่งวางตัวขนานกับแม่น้ำลพบุรี ทำเลที่ตั้งดังกล่าวทำหน้าที่เป็นย่านการค้ามาตั้งแต่สมัยอยุธยาในรัชกาลสมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราชมาเป็นอย่างช้า เนื่องจากมีสถานะเป็นชุมทางที่แม่น้ำหลายสายไหลมาบรรจบจึงทำหน้าที่เป็นศูนย์กลางการค้าขายแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า และจุดเปลี่ยนรูปแบบการคมนาคมที่สำคัญของพื้นที่ภาคกลาง จนสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์ย่านการค้าจุดนี้ก็ยังทำหน้าที่เรื่อยมาจึงมีการปลูกสร้างอาคารแถวเพื่อทำหน้าที่เป็นที่อยู่อาศัยและค้าขาย โดยในระยะแรกเท่าที่มีหลักฐานยืนยันนั้นเป็นอาคารปลูกสร้างด้วยไม้ ในที่นี้จึงเรียกว่า “เรือนแถวไม้พื้นถิ่น” ต่อมามีการสร้าง “ตึกแถวพื้นถิ่น” ที่มีลักษณะเป็นอาคารก่ออิฐ โดยการก่อรูปขึ้นนั้นมีความสัมพันธ์ขึ้นกับบริบทแวดล้อมทางสังคม และเศรษฐกิจอย่างใกล้ชิด โดยเฉพาะการมาถึงของรถไฟในทศวรรษที่ 2440 ซึ่งได้นำพาวัสดุก่อสร้างจำพวกเหล็ก และการมาถึงของปูนซีเมนต์ยังเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของการลดบทบาทเส้นทางสัญจรทางน้ำที่มีมาในอดีตลง เมื่อมีการตัดถนนสายพหลโยธินกับสายเอเชีย รวมถึงการสร้างเขื่อนวัดมณีชลขันธ์ เป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อบทบาทของการเป็นชุมทางทางน้ำของย่านตลาดล่างเมืองลพบุรีสิ้นสุดลงไปในที่สุด อย่างไรก็ดี ชุมชนตลาดล่างก็ยังคงทำหน้าที่เป็นตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้าอุปโภค-บริโภคภายในท้องถิ่นอยู่ ซึ่งในช่วงเวลาเดียวกันนี้มีความนิยมในการก่อสร้างอาคารแถวที่เรียกว่าเป็น “ตึกแถวสมัยใหม่ระยะต้น” ที่แสดงนัยยะของความทันสมัยตามแนวความคิดของจอมพล ป.พิบูลสงคราม ซึ่งต้องการพัฒนาเมืองลพบุรีให้เป็นศูนย์กลางทางเศรษฐกิจ สังคม และการทหารด้วย
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Abstract:
Vernacular rowhouses in historic urban landscape of Lopburi Province were situated along the Lopburi River. Such area was considered commercial zone during the reign of King Narai due to the location where rivers met. It was not only for trade, but also transportation, which still played important roles in Rattamakosin Period. Vernacular rowhouses were constructed for both residential and commercial purposes. Due to the evidences, wooden vernacular rowhouses were found in the old days, then masonry buildings came to replace. This directly related to social and economic status of the city when railways came in 1897. In other words, construction materials like iron and cement were brought to the city. Hence, rivers played less important roles. In addition, when the central government initiated Paholyothin Road and the Asian Highway, as well as the dam at Maneecholkhan Temple, transportation and trade via rivers seemed to end their roles. However, market still played significant role as the trade centre for communities. At the same time, modern shophouses were introduced by Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsongkram, the Prime Minister who aimed to develop Lopburi Province as the centre for Thai economy, society, and army.
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คำสำคัญ (Keyword):
ภูมิทัศน์ย่านประวัติศาสตร์ (Historical urban landscape) / สถาปัตยกรรมพื้นถิ่น (Vernacular Architecture) / อาคารแถว (Rowhouse) / เรือนแถวไม้ (Wooden Rowhouse) / ตึกแถว (brick and Concreat Rowhouse) ตึกแถวการค้า (Shophouse) / ลพบุรี (Lopburi)

- by Kullaphut Sene
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- Vernacular Architecture, Historic Urban Landscape, Shophouse

Shophouses are one of the popular residential typologies in Thai cities. Since shophouses cannot respond to the urban sprawl of Bangkok and changing lifestyles, their present rate of construction is decreasing. However, the mixed residential and commercial uses of these shophouses offer an opportunity for flexible and longevous buildings. This responds to a mixed-use and sustainable development for the city of Bangkok.
The study starts by evaluating the definition of a shophouse based on various studies and regulations. The paper will evaluate the potential of shophouses based on mixed-use development and flexibility aspects. Consequently, the study identifies residents’ attitudes, problems and limitations which are documented through observation and survey of 102 existing shophouses in high, middle, and low density areas of Bangkok. In this paper, the concept of typological study is supported by the definition given by John N. Habraken1 to analyze the spatial organization, physical, and stylistic characteristics of Bangkok shophouses to identify the level of control over the shophouses necessarily.
The users’ survey results indicate that Bangkok mixed-use shophouses have the potential to be a good flexible typology. Residents acknowledge this potential although the deficient knowledge of present regulations and unclear leasing contract of control level deter the flexibility development of shophouses. Additionally, due to insufficient technical support and deficient knowledge of building materials for refurbishment, the current needs of users and quality of living are hardly responded and improved respectively. Thus, the urgency for clear responsibility and control of leasing contact, accessibility regulations, and government support policies for city mixed-use development and housing projects, and shift of approach towards user’s comfortable installation are needed. Finally, the Support and Infill of Open Building is suggested to create more flexible and mixed- use Bangkok shophouses.

- by Chamnarn Tirapas and +1
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- Flexibility, Mixed use development, Shophouse

The architectural form of Penang/Georgetown shophouses is now threatened by urban development, which involves many kinds of visual problems causes. The porpose of this study is to clearify these problems, review the visual properties of shophouse facade, and how the visual problems affect the exterior design of shophouse facade. The research background contains a historical information about Georgetown World Heritage Site (GTWHS) and shophouse styles, the possible causes for visual problems assosiated with historical areas, along with other studies about architectural form analysis. However, a graphic analysis aplied on shophouse facade styles, applying the architectural formal ideas on them, after that, each visual problems cause is linked to architectural feature affected by it, in order to determine the negative impact made by them. Lastly, points of recommendations established to preserve the original typology of shophouse facade.

- by Dr. Omar Sabah
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- Facade Design, Shophouse, Architectural Form, Georgetown

The shophouse is one of the most popular building types in Bangkok. It can serve for both business and habitation: ground floor used for commerce and higher floors used for residence. However, as it is built as a continuous line along the road, and blocks the access to the inner property, these poor shophouse development and plan have caused problems such as disorganized and non-developable properties, poor ventilation, and inadequate daylight (1981:24-29). These in turn have negative effects on health and living conditions of their inhabitants. In order to improve the shophouse quality, the key is to understand its typology. This paper focuses on investigating the typology of the shophouse in Bangkok based on researcher's definitions, building regulations, and type studies: spatial organization, physical and stylistic characteristics (Habraken, 1988). The purpose of these studies is to investigate and document the variations or changes in the shophouse. The survey and observation are applied to understand the Bangkok shophouse typology. The findings then indicate a suitable approach toward the design solutions to improve the quality of the existing shophouse and new design in the future.

- by Chamnarn Tirapas
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- Architecture Typology, Flexible design, Bangkok, Shophouse

To create simple interior space within heritage building is a tricky challenge. Simple space does not mean scanty design, conversely, simple design in the heritage area consists profound meanings and reflects the original aesthetic value of that space. The design of shophouse as a formation is simple raw building, contained three to four main zones. While, the interior space of shophouse reflects the value of community and rich culture by using simplicity as a factor to present the complex feelings and meanings in one place. Georgetown is the capital city of Penang, Malaysia, which populated by a harmonized mixture of communities, this mix-culture affects the architecture and interior style of the city. As a result, eclectic architecture style created and become an icon of Georgetown. Therefore, it's listed as a World Heritage City in 2008 by UNESCO. The current research is to clarify the relationship between simplicity and aesthetic in the interior design of heritage buildings. Thus, the study is a qualitative mode, including structured interview, the responders were the users, owners and staff of coffee shops in heritage shophouse. As well as, observation, behavioural mapping is used to collect the data for the surfaces and users' reaction. Aesthetic value does not depend on the complex design, high quality material and form. Good places should be simply understood by the high familiarity value. Additionally, shaped great space should have harmonized value between users' needs and identity of that space.

Heritage provides a commodifiable resource for sale on tourism markets, contributing towards the shaping of unique senses of place for tourists and hotel residents. Hotel Penaga is an adaptive reuse hotel in Penang's capital, Georgetown, has been accorded a listing under UNESCO. This study is to identify the green aspects that are used in Hotel Penaga. It include the usage of (energy efficiency), Indoor Environmental Quality, material and resources, water efficiency, and innovation. This study is expected to improve the quality of life of people in terms of promoting sustainability by the new sustainable heritage building, and green technology adaptation.

- by Nur Hidayah Hajar and +1
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- Adaptive Reuse, Green architecture, Green Technology, Green Architecture and Environmental Design

Given that a physical environment is a manifestation of its socio-cultural context, this paper seeks to examine the development of the Hua Takhe settlement, the physical components of the community, the socio-spatial interconnection, and the spatial essences of the waterfront shophouses in relation to the
ownership patterns. Based on field surveys, oral histories, and observations, the research employs Hall’s theory of space to extricate the anthropological aspects of the case studies. It is noted that different types of ownership, i.e. inherited and long-term rental, affect the physical and spatial transformations as well as the social proxemics of the shophouses. This paper concludes the intimate space, the intermediary space, the spaces in space, the dialogical space, and the communal space as the key components of the waterfront dwellings in the new context.

- by Waricha Wongphyat
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- Community Development, Housing and Dwelling (Architecture), Proxemics, Dwelling

Bangkok development has become a sprawl development. The compact city and mixed-use development are the obvious key solutions. Bangkok shophouses have well served these concepts with its diversity of uses. Even though, it is naturally mixed-use building, it has never systematically designed for one. The main issue is the flexible building which is well described by Open Building. Therefore, the shophouse support is proposed from the former study. This study investigates and analyzes of former shophousesupport applications via the design layouts and its diversity evaluations of 35 Thai architects. It aims to improve the support for future applications with the building industry and shophouse residents. The analysis focuses on the support elements: zones and margins, service shaft, and stairs zone. In addition, opening floor is also analyzed as it is important spatial element of the shophouses. The results present the shophouse support elements are fairly accepted and suited to practical approach. In order to strengthen the concept, the functional design approach should be also changed toward flexible design approach.

- by Chamnarn Tirapas and +1
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- Architecture, Design Support, Evaluation, Shophouse

Sino-Thai business/retail history in Bangkok; argues that Sino-Thai business families (like the founders of Central Department Store) developed the modern consumer economy in Thailand, decentering Europe in the history of modernity in... more

- by Ara Wilson
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- Economic History, Cultural Geography, Urban Geography, Global cities

The shophouse is one of the most popular building types in Bangkok. It can serve for both business and habitation: ground floor used for commerce and higher floors used for residence. However, as it is built as a continuous line along the road, and blocks the access to the inner property, these poor shophouse development and plan have caused problems such as disorganized and non-developable properties, poor ventilation, and inadequate daylight (1981:24-29). These in turn have negative effects on health and living conditions of their inhabitants. In order to improve the shophouse quality, the key is to understand its typology. This paper focuses on investigating the typology of the shophouse in Bangkok based on researcher’s definitions, building regulations, and type studies: spatial organization, physical and stylistic characteristics (Habraken, 1988). The purpose of these studies is to investigate and document the variations or changes in the shophouse. The survey and observation a...

- by Chamnarn Tirapas
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- Architecture Typology, Flexible design, Bangkok, Shophouse

Housing architecture of each locality or territory has its own characteristics in term of spatial organization, structure form and plan composition. As housing architecture, open space is a symbolized image of the city. According to the sociology, urban house is under the influence of production mode of the users and is adapted with their way of life. The number of Hanoi Immigrants is quite high, 70% higher than Hanoi
population in 1990. They mostly come from the North and Center North of Vietnam. Because of that, their way of life is highly influent by the traditional way of life in the rural of North and Central North: take care each other everyday, private property of their house, much focus on the dining spatial... Those characters directly impact in housing structure and housing form in urban area and these variety types of house in Hanoi are depended on each personal using purpose.
With this report, the housing form in Hanoi will be systematically summarized within the period of 1960-2000, based on the analysis of housing development process in accordance with different socio-economic development in Hanoi

- by Pham Thuat
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- Housing, Public spaces, Housing and Urbanism, Hanoi
- by yoshihisa wakita
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- Architecture, Urban Planning, Computer Aided Design, Cambodia

The study of contexts affecting construction and its development in historic
urban landscapes of Tub Tiang, Trang Province is based on architectural forms and
related factors so as to figure out the correlation. The development of shophouses
can be identified into seven phases comprising Localization-Style Step; Localization
Style Step 2; Eclectic Style; Localization Style Step 3; Art Deco Style; Early Modernism
Style; and Modern and Post Modern.

- by Kreangkrai Kirdsiri and +1
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- Historic Urban Landscape, Shophouse, Old Town

อาคารแถวในภูมิทัศน์ย่านประวัติศาสตร์ลพบุรี ตั้งอยู่สองฟากของถนนพระรามซึ่งวางตัวขนานกับแม่น้ำลพบุรี ทำเลที่ตั้งดังกล่าวทำหน้าที่เป็นย่านการค้ามาตั้งแต่สมัยอยุธยาในรัชกาลสมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราชมาเป็นอย่างช้า เนื่องจากมีสถานะเป็นชุมทางที่แม่น้ำหลายสายไหลมาบรรจบจึงทำหน้าที่เป็นศูนย์กลางการค้าขายแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า และจุดเปลี่ยนรูปแบบการคมนาคมที่สำคัญของพื้นที่ภาคกลาง จนสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์ย่านการค้าจุดนี้ก็ยังทำหน้าที่เรื่อยมาจึงมีการปลูกสร้างอาคารแถวเพื่อทำหน้าที่เป็นที่อยู่อาศัยและค้าขาย โดยในระยะแรกนั้นเท่าที่มีหลักฐานยืนยันนั้นเป็นอาคารปลูกสร้างด้วยไม้ ในที่นี้จึงเรียกว่า “เรือนแถวไม้พื้นถิ่น” ต่อมามีการสร้าง “ตึกแถวพื้นถิ่น” ซึ่งมีลักษณะเป็นอาคารก่ออิฐ ซึ่งการก่อรูปขึ้นนั้นมีความสัมพันธ์กับบริบทแวดล้อมทางสังคม และเศรษฐกิจอย่างใกล้ชิด โดยเฉพาะการมาถึงของรถไฟในทศวรรษที่ 2440 ซึ่งได้นำพาวัสดุก่อสร้างจำพวกเหล็ก และปูนซีเมนต์มา และยังเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของการลดบทบาทเส้นทางสัญจรทางน้ำที่มีมาในอดีตลง และเมื่อมีการตัดถนนสายพหลโยธิน และสายเอเชีย และการสร้างเขื่อนวัดมณีชลขันธ์ทำให้บทบาทของการเป็นชุมทางทางน้ำของย่านตลาดล่างเมืองลพบุรีสิ้นสุดลงไปในที่สุด อย่างไรก็ดี ชุมชนตลาดล่างก็ยังคงทำหน้าที่เป็นตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้าอุปโภค-บริโภคภายในท้องถิ่นอยู่ ซึ่งในช่วงเวลาเดียวกันนี้มีความนิยมในการก่อสร้างอาคารแถวที่เรียกว่าเป็น “ตึกแถวสมัยใหม่ระยะต้น” ที่แสดงนัยยะของความทันสมัยตามแนวความคิดของจอมพล ป.พิบูลสงคราม ซึ่งต้องการพัฒนาเมืองลพบุรีให้เป็นศูนย์กลางทางเศรษฐกิจ สังคม และการทหารด้วย

- by Kreangkrai Kirdsiri and +1
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- Vernacular Architecture, Shophouse

The purpose of this study was to make design model from existing condition about degradation of the neighborhood and vitality on the shophouse district in Klampis Jaya Street, Surabaya. The Background of this study was come from the writer’s observation during the nighttime condition. From the observation, most of the shophouses outside spaces were not uses in nighttime because the shophouse open during the daytime only. The main issue was about the degradation of the district vitality. The Shophouse that were retail buildings with the existence dominate the district, should be able to enliven the district during the day and nighttime. Observation of the physical condition on the shophouse outside space was conducted as a limitation of this study. This study wasn’t investigating the quality of the shophouse interior space. This study also conducts at shophouse area on Klampis Jaya street only.
Survey was conducted to 40 respondents, 20 shophouse inhabitants and 20 visitors. To reveal people requirements about the district livability, the conclusions were drawn from the survey. The collected data included kind and quantity of inside activity and outside activity the shophouse during the day and nighttime, also opinion on outside activity and quality of the shophouse outside space. The other data were technical data of the shophouse outside space in street section illustration.
The findings revealed indoor activities that would increase and decreased the district vitality. Indoor activities that would increase vitality were: internet service, video rental, supermarket, restaurant, and clinic. Indoor activities that would decrease vitality were office. Human existence as main factor to increase vitality could be conducted through: provided flat parking surface, terrace as pedestrian way, and willing street vendor at nighttime with better cleaning maintenance.
The findings also revealed that shophouse section C had the most ideal outside space and could be a prototype for other shophouses. Shophouses that need outside space improvement were shophouse section A, B and D. Shophouse section E and F only need ordering activities at the outside space.
Key words: design model, vitality, activity, shophouse outside space

- by Rabbani Kharismawan
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- Guidelines, Livability, Shophouse, Liveliness

The influences of the culture on the interior space could generate unique interior styles. However, The combining process between the architectural and cultural identity in the exits building in the ignition point to generate a creative place. Georgetown-Penang as a heritage city, created by the harmonize mixture of cultures. The Colonial style in Georgetown adapted with the cultural influences to meet the users' needs. Therefore, each culture modifies and add their skins to the interior or exterior design elements to the place, in order to meet the physiological, psychological, and emotional needs. Baba-Nyonya, Strait Chinese, Peranakan as they locally named them Baba is generated from intermarriages between Chinese and local people the straits of Malacca Malaysia. Moreover, shophouse is the type of building that used by this culture. The Simplicity of interior space of the shophouse that used by Peranakan culture included multiple ideas, philosophy, and meanings. Under those c...

- by fuziah ibrahim
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- Interior Design, Traditional Interiors, Art and Design, Peranakan Culture

- by Sam Griffiths
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- Geography, Architecture, Space Syntax, Spatial Configuration

The Creative Economy is one of the economic policies to drive the new Thai national economy, while the creative environment has not been promoted. To promote the creative environment, the Creative City has been mainly focused for increasing economy in many countries. In addition, diversity is one of the keys in encouraging the creative persons. Thus, the study aims to investigate and compare the diversity of each shophouse community influence on creative atmosphere, based on a hypothesis that the diversity conditions of shophouse community can provide a creative community atmosphere. The investigation areas are Siam Square and Suan Mali. The survey of 60 questionnaires and 10 interviews of the business owners in both communities are carried out. The results show that the diversity of each shophouse community is valid. The unique business area, walkable community and various business activities are the most attractive diversity characters. In addition, accessibility of people and public transportation, and small block are important. The results of the different diversity character priority reflect the degree of importance in major business activities, aging, and family conditions from both communities. However, the primary use is the main key difference of promoting creative communities. Retails and rentable units in Siam Square encourage openness; while the wholesale business leads to negative atmosphere on the streets and unfriendly walking atmosphere in Suan Mali. The shophouse characters greatly brace the openness of place and people, place identity, and business opportunities. The diversity of shophouse community can be stimulated and reinforced by the physical creative community to nurture the new creative class in Thai society.Note: SS = Siam Square; SM = Suan Mali

- by Azizi Bahauddin
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- Interior Design, Traditional Interiors, Art and Design, Peranakan Culture
- by Alan Penn
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- Geography, Architecture, Space Syntax, Spatial Configuration