Siberian Turkic languages Research Papers (original) (raw)

ÖZ: Güney Sibirya Türk topluluklarından biri olan Tuvaların zengin bir sözlü geleneği vardır. Tuvalar, 1930'dan itibaren kendi dillerini yazı dili olarak kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmada, Tuva destanlarında kullanılmış olan, ancak Tuva yazı dilini temsil eden sözlüklerde yer almayan sözcükler ele alınmıştır. Böylece, sözlüklerde bulunmayan bu sözcükleri ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, Tuva yazı dilinin halk edebiyatı ürünleri ile ilişkisi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Makalenin giriş bölümünde Tuva destanları ve bu konudaki yayımlar hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmiş ve incelemenin yöntemi açıklanmıştır. Ardından, bu sözlü gelenek ürünlerinin söz varlığı ile yazı dili arasındaki ilişki üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak, destanlardan tespit edilen bu sözlerin genel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmış ve bu sözler alfabetik olarak sıralanarak açıklanmıştır. İnceleme, destan metinlerindeki söz varlığı ile yazı dili sözlüklerinin karşılaştırılması suretiyle yapılmıştır. Tuva yazı dili ile halk edebiyatı ürünlerinin söz varlığı arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Sözlü edebiyat ürünleri, yazı dilinin oluşum sürecinde önemli birer kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu nedenle bu ikisi arasındaki ilişki incelemeye değer görülmüştür. İnceleme neticesinde, sözlüklerde bulunmadığını tespit ettiğimiz bu sözlerin önemli bir kısmının Tuva-Moğol dil ilişkilerine dayandığı görülmüştür. Sözcüklerin bir kısmı da lehçeler arası ödünçleme ürünüdür. Sözlü gelenek içerisinde aktarılan bu metinlerin doğasına bağlı olarak, arkaikleşme de diğer bir önemli sebeptir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tuva Türkçesi, Tuva destanları, söz varlığı, sözlü gelenek, yazı dili.
ABSTRACT: Tuvans, one of the Turkic communities of the southern Siberia, have a rich oral tradition. Tuvan people started to use their own language as a written language in 1930. In this study, the words that are used in Tuvan epics but do not exist in dictionaries which represent the vocabulary of Tuvan written language have been analysed. Thereby, it is aimed to reveal these words which can not be found in dictionaries. In addition, the relationship between Tuvan folk literature and written language is also elaborated. In the introduction of the study, a general information about Tuvan epics and relevant publications is given and method of the study is explained. Then, the relationship between vocabulary of these oral narratives and written language is mentioned. Finally, the words from epics are overviewed and then they are explained in alphabetical order. The analysis has been made by comparing the vocabulary in the epics with the written language dictionaries. There is a close relationship between the Tuvan written language and the vocabulary of folk literature. Oral literature has been used as an important resource in the formation process of written language. Therefore, the relationship between the two is deemed worthy of examination. As a result of the examination, it is seen that a significant part of those words which could not be found in dictionaries are based on Tuva-Mongol language contacts. And some of the words are based on borrowings from other Turkic dialects. Depending on the nature of these texts conveyed in the oral tradition, archaicism is another fundamental reason for not existing in dictionaries.
Keywords: Tuvan Language, Tuvan epics, vocabulary, oral tradition, written language.

- by E. Erdem Özbek
- •
- Türk Dili, Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri, Tuvan Language, Siberian Turkic languages
- by Mustafa Öner
- •
- Turkic Speaking Peoples, Turkish Linguistics, Old Turkic, Crimean Tatar

The work presents etymologies of the Turkic names for the seven most important cereals: barley, corn, millet, oats, rice, rye and wheat. Altogether, 106 names are discussed.
As yet, this subject has not been dealt with as a whole. Propositions for etymologies of various names in single languages are scattered in dictionaries and articles, usually only accompanied by a brief explanation. Here, the author tries to provide a possibly comprehensive commentary.
Each entry presents a list of phonetic variants of the word, an overview of previous etymologies and the author’s standpoint expressed as exhaustively as possible but without loquacity.
The work closes with an enumeration and brief commentary of the most common naming patterns and semantic types which can be distinguished in the presented material.

- by Kamil Stachowski
- •
- Philology, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Dialectology

The ‘Türk Altay Theory / Türk-Altay Kuramı’ is a true story of the early existence of the Türks in North Asia. Sayan-Altay’s successive indigenous cultures from 6000 BC to 6th-8th century AD, were connected each other by using archaeological methods. The Kuram has gone through hoops while it has pursued on the cultural traces of the Turks in North Asia. Indo-European hypotheses were the basis of the hoops. Such hypotheses ignored the existence of the Turks in the defined geographical area. It was not possible to make progress unless the claims that constitute the basis of such ignorance has been investigated. The Kuram did do it. This was the just reason for the struggle of the Kuram with a series of Indo-European hypotheses. The Kuram has been raised on the three basic footing interrelated to each other. 1) The Runic inscriptions that we have called as ‘historical texts’ representing the Classical Turkic Period-2 in Altay, are the basic data set that make up the fi rst footing of the Kuram. 2) The historical texts, on the other hand, also identify a certain group of archaeological material. Actually such group of material, representing Classical Turkic Period-2, spread throughout the Sayan-Altay region, Mongolian territory, and Eurasian steppes. The rich archeological material that is inclined to run to the much earlier times, has enlightened the path of the Culture. 3) Described archaeological material that we can pursue towards the early stages of history led us to the Neolithic period of Yesnisey-Lena region where is the micro climatic isolated territory surrounded by the Angara river in the North, Lena river in the East, Baykal lake in the South and Yenisey river in the West. This living place was the Urheimat of the ancient Türks: Yenisey-Lena. The examination of the material made us access to the Urheimat. According to the Kuram, Turkic speaking people originated from Yenisey-Lena and they grown up in Altay region. At the end of the Late Upper Paleolithic Age (c. 12,000 BC), the Culture with the identity of ‘Yenisy-Lena’, alredy spread to the World.

- by Semih Güneri
- •
- Archaeology, Mesolithic Archaeology, Eurasian Nomads, Central Eurasian Studies

Epics have their own narrative styles and there are many expressions
which consist of formulaic structures in them. From these expressions, elliptical words and epithets have been examined in terms of linguistics in this study. Elipsis are formed by deleting a part of a word, phrase or sentence and the remaining elements of the expression stand for the whole meaning of the structure. Examples of ellipsis given in this study belong to syntactic level. Elliptical words may lexicalize over time, depending on their use frequencies. Epithets are formulaic words that describe the heros or various creatures and objects in folkloric texts. Epithets are seen in Turkic epics widely and they are characteristic stylistic features of Tuvan epics as well. These formulaic expressions spesific to oral tradition may also lexicalize by formulization. Some epithets and elliptical structures in the epics analysed in this study are also found in the literary texts and thus, these words have a place in Tuvan dictioanries too. In this context, it is seen that these elements which arise from the vocabulary of epics are transferred to literary language too. Accordingly, our analysis is done comparatively between oral literature and literary language.
Keywords: Tuvan language, Tuvan epics, ellipsis, epithet, vocabulary,
lexicalization.

- by E. Erdem Özbek
- •
- Oral Traditions, Linguistics, Ellipsis, Written Language

This article continues the study of ethnic history and ethnic processes that took place in the space of Inner Asia. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the ethnic composition of the Turkic and Mongoliс peoples of Siberia, using sources of Russian administrative management, made it possible to analyze in detail the tribal structure of the Yakut and Buryat communities.
The study of array of Yakut and Buryat ethnonyms made it possible to distinguish four ethnonyms, on the example of which one can clearly trace the difference between ethnic groups in the Baikal and Lensky regions. Ethnonyms reflect the participation of the Buryat stratum in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts, as indicated by the Buryat form of word formation. At the same time, through the prism of the Buryat stratum in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts, one can see earlier ties of the ancestors of the Yakuts with the population of the Sayan-Khubsugul region — in Mongolian time (salji'ut). Ethnonyms revealed in the Yakut environment also reveal ties with Oirats. The linguistic reconstruction of the Yakut ethnonyms made it possible to establish the participation in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts me-dieval Oirat community — ölöt. Relations with other regions of the Mongol Empire are also indirectly revealed — a reflection of these medieval ties, in our opinion, is the presence in the environment of the Buryats of the ethnonym Qangin and Sartul, which is assumed that they are homogenous Kipchaks and population of Central Asia, who merged into the Early Buryat community.
The results of the study reflect the complexity of the ethnic processes that took place among the Mongolian and Turkic nomads of Eurasia. The data obtained help to clarify the ethnic composition of the population of both Mongolia and Buryatia and Yakutia.

- by Bair Nanzatov
- •
- Ethnography, Inner Asian Studies, Mongolian Studies, Siberia
- by Marcel Erdal and +3
- •
- Endangered Languages, Khoisan languages, Language Endangerment, Endangered languages/cultures

Настоящая книга является первым монографическим опытом системати-
зации материалов по традиционному мировоззрению сибирских татар XX—
XXI вв. Работа состоит из двух частей — серии статей по духовной культуре
изучаемой этнической общности и словарных статей, посвященных тем или
иным мифологическим образам, явлениям или предметам, имеющим отноше-
ние к традиционному мировоззрению тюркоязычного населения Западной
Сибири.
Книга адресуется археологам, этнографам, историкам, искусствоведам,
религиоведам, краеведам, а также всем, кто интересуется проблемами духов-
ной культуры народов России.
The present book is the first monograph which systematizes the data on the traditional
world picture of the Siberian Tatars of XX—XXI centuries. The monograph
consists of two parts — a series of articles about the spiritual culture of the
ethnic entity under study and some dictionary entries devoted to various mythological
images, phenomena, and objects related to the traditional world picture of the
Turkic — speaking population of Western Siberia.
For archeologists, ethnographers, art, religion and region researchers and anyone
interested in the matter of spiritual culture of the peoples of Russia.

- by Anastasia Yarzutkina
- •
- Mythology And Folklore, Ethnography, Demonology, Siberia

Кулешов Вяч. С. Северная окраина тюркского мира в отражении персидского географического трактата X в. «Худуд ал-‘алам» // Древние и средневековые культуры Центральной Азии (становление, развитие и взаимодействие урбанизированных и скотоводческих обществ) : Материалы Международной конференции, посвящённой 100-летию со дня рождения д. и. н. А. М. Мандельштама и 90-летию со дня рождения д. и. н. И. Н. Хлопина, 10–12 ноября 2020 г., Санкт-Петербург / Редакционная коллегия: В. П. Никоноров, Л. Б. Кирчо, Е. О. Стоянов (ответственные редакторы) и др. СПб.: б. и. [ООО «Невская Типография»], 2020. — В надзаглавии: Институт истории материальной культуры РАН; Государственный Эрмитаж; Музей антропологии и этнографии имени Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН; Институт восточных рукописей РАН. — С. 276–278.

"The paper deals with current monetary beliefs and magic shamanic practices in post-Soviet Altai. In traditional shamanism, known to us from ethnographic studies of the 19th–20th centuries, a shaman who takes money is punished by the spirits and could die. Despite the traditional taboos, for example, accepting money for their service, shamans take cash payment from their clients anyway. In the present socio-economic situation the shamans have to earn money, and they use several explanatory models that allow them to do so. This paper describes those models. Typically, the money is given to the spirits, and the shaman is only an intermediary, but then he takes the money.
The paper also discusses the importance of money in non-shamanic ritual practices: the semantics of copper and silver money in offerings to local spirits, to the springs and to the menhirs."

- by Dmitriy Doronin
- •
- Religion, Mythology And Folklore, Anthropology, Social Anthropology

The article reflects the results of an ethnosociological study of the situation with ethnocultural education in the south of the Tyumen region. The analysis of historical processes showed that in the 20s–40s of the 20th century in Tatar educational institutions, instruction was conducted in the Old Tatar language, which was understandable to the majority of
Siberian Tatars. However, after turning from the Old Tatar to the Tatar language of the Middle Volga region (Tatar literary), the situation changed. There were difficulties with the students perception of the language that was nonnative for them. It has been established that longterm teaching in the national schools of the Tatar literary language did not bring significant results. Siberian Tatars continued to use native and Russian languages in everyday life. The study of the current situation has revealed, on the one hand, the interest of students and their
parents in studying the SiberianTatar language, on the other – the unwillingness of the heads of education administration bodies to change the established system. The main conclusion of the study is the need for a gradual full or partial reorientation of the educational process in
Tatar schools in the south of the Tyumen region towards the language and literature of Siberian Tatars.

- by Юрий Квашнин and +1
- •
- Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Siberia, Linguistics
- by Dmitry (Dima) Arzyutov
- •
- Geography, Heterotopia, Colombia, Conflict
- by Mehmet Olmez
- •
- Ethnography, Islam in China, Xinjiang, Nationalism & Conflict

В коллективной монографии публикуются результаты исследований, посвященных взаимосвязи идентичностей и языков как ценностей российского общества и его символических маркеров. Мониторинг языковой ситуации, этнического и иного культурного многообразия России выполнен сотрудниками Института этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук и экспертами Сети этнологического мониторинга и раннего предупреждения конфликтов (EAWARN). Исследователи не ставили перед собой задачу изучения языковедческих сюжетов, а предприняли попытку анализа социальных аспектов функционирования языков. Помимо научной задачи проект имел
практикоориентированную цель разработки предложений по совершенствованию государственной национальной политики в регионах Российской Федерации. Для специалистов в области межнациональных отношений, языковой, образовательной и ми-
грационной политики, ученых гуманитарной сферы и представителей общественных организаций этнокультурной направленности.

- by Юрий Квашнин and +1
- •
- Demography, Education, Indigenous Studies, Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies
- by Elisabetta Ragagnin
- •
- Folklore, Tuvan Throat Singing, Siberian Turkic languages

Derleyen: Ulyana N. Kirbijekova, Hazırlayanlar: Nükhet Okutan, Timur B. Davletov. Ankara: TÜRKSOY Yay., 2018.

- by Nükhet Okutan Davletov and +1
- •
- Atasözleri, Siberian Turkic languages, Khakas language, South Siberian Turkic

В книге на основе документальных материалов рассказывается об истории общины сибирских татар и бухарцев города Тобольска с XVII в. по настоящее время. Особое внимание уделено религиозной жизни мусульман Тобольска, взаимоотношениям мусульманской общины с церковной и светской властями. Установлены имена ахунов и мулл в разные периоды, занимавших должности в мечетях города Тобольска, а также благотворителей, строивших мечети и медресе, рассмотрены их биографии, реконструированы родословные. В книге рассматриваются социалистические преобразования в Тобольске, касающиеся сферы образования и детских учреждений сибирских татар-горожан.
Книга будет интересна историкам, этнографам и всем, кто интересуется историей края.

Introduction. This article under takes a study of the clan name Shoshoolog (Šošōlog) in the context of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of Inner Asia and Siberia. New historical and ethnographical data, including the evidence of ethnonymics as a part of the ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of the region will contribute to the knowledge of the migration and settlement history of the Shoshoolog people. The study aims at examining the etymology of the term šošōloγ, the area where it wasspread and theways of itsspread. Data and methods. The authors have taken into account written documents, ethnographical and folklore sources that contained references to the ethnonym in question. The written sources of the period between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, mainly in Russian, such as Cossacks’ otpiski (reports), and, more recent, travel and census reports, contain various forms of the ethnonym, often incorrectly spelled but still of interest as evidence pointing at the settlement areas of the ethnic group, as well as a source for linguistic speculation. The ethnographical sources include references to the ethnic group in question based on the legends and sagas shedding light on the people’s origin and settlement patterns both in the Baikal area and in Mongolia. The folklore texts written down by N. N. Poppe, S. P. Baldaev, etc. Include the stories of the Shoshoolog as a Buryat clan with a strong Shamanic background, as well as various forms of the ethnonym. Granted the available knowledge of the historical patterns in the language evolution, the orthographical forms of the ethnonym contained in different records were used as the data for further phonetical reconstructions and localizations of the ethnonym’s phonetic shape in terms of chronological and geographical dimensions. This data, alongside other material on the ethnonymics and onomastics of Mongolic and Turkic peoples, contributes to the linguistic part of the database in the field. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of ethnonymic evidence contained in a variety of sources examined resulted in phonetic reconstructions of the ethnonym under study to finally shed new light on its etymology, as well as to project further developments of its phonetic shape.

- by Bair Nanzatov and +1
- •
- Historical Linguistics, Etymology, Inner Asian Studies, Mongolian Studies

There is an embarrassing error in the list of etymologies discussed. The Mongolian word said to be the equivalent of EAR is of course the word for NOSE, as correctly pointed out by S.A. Starostin in his rejoinder to this review.

- by Anna Dybo
- •
- Philology, Asian Studies, Japanese Studies, Anthropology

This paper presents several Yeniseic loanwords in Tofalar.

- by Alexander Vovin
- •
- Historical Linguistics, Yeniseian Languages, Language contact, Turkic Linguistics

Шестой том сборника аннотированных фольклорных и бытовых текстов обско-енисейского языкового ареала – продолжение проекта по публикации исследовательского наследия кафедры языков народов Сибири ТГПУ. Языковой материал сборника охватывает территорию обско-енисейского языкового ареала – наиболее редкие и наименее изученные диалекты языков коренного населения Сибири: восточных ханты, южных селькупов и чулымских тюрков Томской области; телеутов Кемеровской области; нганасан и кетов Красноярского края.
Тексты, вошедшие в серию сборников, записаны в период 1960–2010-х гг. и хранятся в архиве кафедры-лаборатории языков народов Сибири ТГПУ. В данный сборник также включены тексты из полевых материалов авторов, собранные в 2000–2010-х годах. Тексты по каждому языку представлены в относительно сравнимом объеме и жанровом разнообразии. Языковой материал текстов представлен максимально полно: в современной международной академической транскрипции IPA, орфографии на основе кириллицы, снабжен полным морфемным глоссированием, пословным и свободным переводом на русский и английский языки.

- by Andrey Filchenko
- •
- Folklore, Languages and Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics, Siberian Studies

В книге представлены образцы фольклора бачатских телеутов, одного из самых малочисленных тюркских народов Южной Сибири, записанные в 1980-1990-х годах и переведенные на русский язык самим составителем. Впервые публикуется текст телеутского шаманского камлания Талай-хану из записей начала XX в. известного этнографа и композитора A.B. Анохина.
Для тюркологов - лингвистов и этнологов, а также для более широкого круга читателей, интересующихся культурой народов Сибири.

- by Dmitri Funk
- •
- Folklore, Altaic Linguistics, Turkology, Siberian Studies
- by Osman Karatay
- •
- Eurasian Nomads, Eurasia, Central Eurasian Studies, Turkic Speaking Peoples

The article deals with the problems of preservation of their native language by the Siberian Tatars at the present stage of historical development. The brief overview presents the stages of studying the Siberian Tatar language from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. Based on commonly known sources and literature, it is shown that the ethnonym Tatars, which refers to ethnic communities of different origins in the Volga region, the Urals and Western Siberia, is a pseudo-ethnonym. It was introduced as the self-name of the Volga Turks by the Kazan Muslim educator Sh. Mardzhani, and in Soviet times it became a fulcrum for the creation of a new literary language and its inclusion in the educational programs of all “Tatar” schools of the Soviet Union. At the same time, it was not taken into account that Siberian Tatars are an independent ethnic group, with their own unique language and culture. The main conclusion of the article is that today Siberian Tatars face a difficult choice – to keep or to lose their native language. Preserving the language at the family level is clearly not
enough. Therefore, it is necessary to teach it in schools, propagate it in the media, and publish fiction in it. The first methodological developments in the form of grammar, phonetics, graphics, dictionaries, as well as literary works are already available. It is possible to introduce the studyтof the Siberian Tatar language as an option in national schools and in special courses at the city Centers of Siberian Tatar culture. At present, the work to preserve the Siberian Tatar language and culture is carried out only by enthusiasts. It does not receive support at the administration level. Relying on the old, time-tested programs and methodological developments in the Tatar language and literature, the heads of education authorities do not see the need for studying the Siberian Tatar language and developing Siberian Tatar literature. In our opinion, further ignoring of the existing problem will entail increased marginalization of the Siberian Tatars of the Tyumen region and their gradual loss of self-identification.

- by Юрий Квашнин and +1
- •
- Indigenous Studies, Indigenous Knowledge, Siberia, Indigenous Peoples

The book contains samples of the folklore of the Bachat Teleuts, one of the smallest Turkic peoples of Southern Siberia, recorded since the first third of the 19th century and up to the present time by several generations of researchers and collectors of folklore, including the Teleuts themselves. For the first time in the world practice of publishing South Siberian folklore materials, QR codes were used in the book, allowing you to listen to the texts included into the volume.

- by Dmitri Funk
- •
- Anthropology, Folklore, Cultural Heritage, Siberian Turkic languages
- by Stefan Georg
- •
- Languages, History, Ancient History, Cultural History

Numerales ibéricos determinados por contexto favorable y sus posibles correlatos transeurasiáticos eusko-altaico-túrquicos.

The Turkic Languages is a reference book which brings together detailed discussions of the historical development and specialized linguistic structures and features of the languages in the Turkic family. Seen from a linguistic typology point of view, Turkic languages are particularly interesting because of their astonishing morphosyntactic regularity, their vast geographical distribution, and their great stability over time. This volume builds upon a work which has already become a defining classic of Turkic language study. The present, thoroughly revised edition updates and augments those authoritative accounts and reflects recent and ongoing developments in the languages themselves, as well as our further enhanced understanding of the relations and patterns of influence between them. The result is the fruit of decades-long experience in the teaching of the Turkic languages, their philology and literature, and also of a wealth of new insights into the linguistic phenomena and cultural interactions defining their development and use, both historically and in the present day. Each chapter combines modern linguistic analysis with traditional historical linguistics; a uniform structure allows for easy typological comparison between the individual languages. Written by an international team of experts, The Turkic Languages will be invaluable to students and researchers within linguistics, Turcology, and Near Eastern and Oriental Studies.

- by Éva Ágnes Csató and +3
- •
- Turkic Linguistics, Modern Turkic Dialects, Turkic Studies, Turkish Language and Literature
- by Andrey Filchenko
- •
- Mythology And Folklore, Anthropology, Folklore, Languages and Linguistics
- by Ekrem Arıkoğlu
- •
- Languages and Linguistics, Literature, Turkish Literature, Turkish Language
- by Ekrem Arıkoğlu
- •
- Languages, Languages and Linguistics, Natural Language Processing, Literature

PROF.DR.TALAT TEKIN FESTSCHRIFT , VOLUME 2, 2017

- by Süer Eker
- •
- Altaic Linguistics, Old Turkic, Turkic Linguistics, Old Turkic Culture

“The problem is not solved, so the discussion is not finished” (B. Kempf)

The book contains 1) a current version of the Proto-Turkic reconstruction by the Moscow school; 2) an analyse of "Hsiung-nu" lexical data supported by recent conception of the Old Chinese historical phinetics; 3) the lists of reliable (from the author's point of view) loanwords to the Proto-Turkic (e.g. together with the Bulgar branch) and from it to some other language groups.

- by Anna Dybo
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- Turkic Speaking Peoples, Old Turkic, Turco-Iranian World, Turkic Linguistics

UNDER CONSTRUCTION - TOO MANY TYPOS - Please cite ONLY with permission "This is the text of an oral presentation made at the symposium "Altaique ou pas?", organized by Guillaume Jacques and Anton Antonov on 10 Dec 2011 in Paris.Part... more

- by Stefan Georg
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- Languages, History, Cultural History, Sociology
- by Stefan Georg
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- Languages, Sociology, Cultural Studies, Anthropology