Skeleton Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Autogeneic perichondrium was implanted above the cremaster muscle of the rat, and the new formation of two types of cartilage (types I and II) was confirmed. Also, granulation tissue was observed before the type II cartilage formation.... more

Autogeneic perichondrium was implanted above the cremaster muscle of the rat, and the new formation of two types of cartilage (types I and II) was confirmed. Also, granulation tissue was observed before the type II cartilage formation. Under these conditions, the contribution to the neocartilage of graft bed derived cells, mainly of the venule pericytes, was studied. To follow the pericyte lineage, we used a marker—Monastral Blue B—the administration of which was based on the principle of vascular labeling. While the perichondrium was kept free, before its implantation, the preformed (preexisting) venules in the cremaster muscle were exclusively labeled with Monastral Blue B, which was incorporated into the cytoplasm of pericytes and endothelial cells. After perichondrium implantation, the following sequence in tracer distribution was demonstrated. During the earlier stages, labeling was restricted to the pericytes and endothelial cells of venules in the graft bed. Later the tracer ...

The poraquê has an elongated and cylindrical body, with just one anal fin, which extends across almost the entire abdomen it resembles the shape of an eel. Its head is flat and its mouth is equipped with a row of sharp, conical teeth. The... more

The poraquê has an elongated and cylindrical body, with just one anal fin, which extends across almost the entire abdomen it resembles the shape of an eel. Its head is flat and its mouth is equipped with a row of sharp, conical teeth. The color of this animal is always very dark, but the ventral part of the body is yellowish and they have poor vision. This group of fish is known for their ability to generate and detect electrical fields in the environment in which they occur, and these characteristics are used in communication, prey detection, defense, reproduction and even to help these animals move in the absence of light. This manuscript aims to describe the biology, ecology, morphology, geographic distribution, life cycle, habitat, and therapeutic use of electric fish (Chordata: Actinopterygii: Gymnotiformes). Concerned with establishing a public profile of quality research in the area, we sought to answer these questions based on a literature review in the main journals (national and international) classified by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). Complement this analysis with other documents such as books, theses, dissertations, scientific journals, documents, and digital platforms.

The excavation of 81 skeletons at Cerro Cerrillos provided the occasion for a rigorously scientific deconstruction of human sacrifice, its changing methods and its social meaning among the Muchik peoples of ancient Peru. This paper shows... more

The excavation of 81 skeletons at Cerro Cerrillos provided the occasion for a rigorously scientific deconstruction of human sacrifice, its changing methods and its social meaning among the Muchik peoples of ancient Peru. This paper shows how bioarchaeology and field investigation together can rediscover the root and purpose of this disturbingly prevalent prehistoric practice. Be warned: the authors' clinical and unexpurgated accounts of Andean responses to the spirit world are not for the fainthearted.

The comment by DeSilva challenges our suggestion that brain growth of the El Sidrón J1 Neandertal was still incomplete at 7.7 years of age. Evidence suggests that endocranial volume is likely to represent less than 90% adult size at El... more

The comment by DeSilva challenges our suggestion that brain growth of the El Sidrón J1 Neandertal was still incomplete at 7.7 years of age. Evidence suggests that endocranial volume is likely to represent less than 90% adult size at El Sidrón as well as Neandertal male plus Krapina samples, in line with further evidence from endocranial surface histology and dural sinus groove size.

The sea urchin larval skeleton offers a simple model for developmental pattern formation. The calcium carbonate skeleton is secreted by primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) in response to largely unknown patterning cues expressed by the... more

The sea urchin larval skeleton offers a simple model for developmental pattern formation. The calcium carbonate skeleton is secreted by primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) in response to largely unknown patterning cues expressed by the ectoderm. To discover novel ectodermal cues, we performed an unbiased RNA-seq-based screen and functionally tested candidates; we thereby identified several novel skeletal patterning cues. Among these, we show that SLC26a2/7 is a ventrally expressed sulfate transporter which promotes a ventral accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans that is required for ventral PMC positioning and skeletal patterning. We show that the effects of SLC perturbation are mimicked by manipulation of either external sulfate levels or proteoglycan sulfation. These results identify novel skeletal patterning genes and demonstrate that ventral proteoglycan sulfation serves as a positional cue for the sea urchin skeletal patterning.

Abstract:-In this paper, a comparative study of shape-coding approaches dealing with" shape from contours" family of techniques used in MPEG-4 is presented. The research focuses on four coding methods; chain code, signature,... more

Abstract:-In this paper, a comparative study of shape-coding approaches dealing with" shape from contours" family of techniques used in MPEG-4 is presented. The research focuses on four coding methods; chain code, signature, skeleton and splitting. The ...

The association of bone marrow failure and skeletal defects is well known. However, the genetic basis for most of these syndromes remains unclear. We describe here a syndrome of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) with... more

The association of bone marrow failure and skeletal defects is well known. However, the genetic basis for most of these syndromes remains unclear. We describe here a syndrome of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) with skeletal abnormality. This case report summarizes the clinical presentation of an infant with anemia and thrombocytopenia in which the basic work up has led to the diagnosis of ATRUS.

In this paper, we discuss a class of adaptive refinement algorithms for generating unstructured meshes in two and three dimensions. We focus on skeleton‐based refinement (SBR) algorithms as proposed by Plaza and Carey (Appl. Numer. Math.... more

In this paper, we discuss a class of adaptive refinement algorithms for generating unstructured meshes in two and three dimensions. We focus on skeleton‐based refinement (SBR) algorithms as proposed by Plaza and Carey (Appl. Numer. Math. 2000; 32:195) and provide an extension that involves the introduction of the graph of the skeleton for meshes consisting of simplex cells. By the use of data structures derived from the graph of the skeleton, we reformulate the SBR scheme and devise a more natural and consistent approach for this class of adaptive refinement algorithms. As an illustrative case, we discuss in detail the graphs for 2D refinement of triangulations and for 3D we propose a corresponding new face‐based data structure for tetrahedra. Experiments using the 2D algorithm and exploring the properties of the associated graph are provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In 2001–2002, a settlement of the Baden culture was excavated in the vicinity of Balatonoszöd. During the rescue excavation along the M7 highway, in an area of 100,000 m2, 2800 pits dug into the subsoil, 320 hearths, and cultural layers... more

In 2001–2002, a settlement of the Baden culture was excavated in the vicinity of Balatonoszöd. During the rescue excavation along the M7 highway, in an area of 100,000 m2, 2800 pits dug into the subsoil, 320 hearths, and cultural layers rich in material were discovered. The material of the Baden culture represents phases IB–IC (Boleraz), IIA (Transitional), IIB–III (Early Classical) according to Němejcová-Pavúková's (1981, 1998) typological system. We took 20 samples from the large number of human and animal skeletons for radiocarbon dating, of which 16 measurements were successful. These results provide absolute dates for a Baden culture settlement with the longest occupation and the largest excavated surface in Hungary. This provides an opportunity to review the chronological position of the Baden culture, with special emphasis on its beginning and end.

The 1856 discovery of the Neandertal type specimen (Neandertal 1) in western Germany marked the beginning of human paleontology and initiated the longest-standing debate in the discipline: the role of Neandertals in human evolutionary... more

The 1856 discovery of the Neandertal type specimen (Neandertal 1) in western Germany marked the beginning of human paleontology and initiated the longest-standing debate in the discipline: the role of Neandertals in human evolutionary history. We report excavations of cave sediments that were removed from the Feldhofer caves in 1856. These deposits have yielded over 60 human skeletal fragments, along with a large series of Paleolithic artifacts and faunal material. Our analysis of this material represents the first interdisciplinary analysis of Neandertal remains incorporating genetic, direct dating, and morphological dimensions simultaneously. Three of these skeletal fragments fit directly on Neandertal 1, whereas several others have distinctively Neandertal features. At least three individuals are represented in the skeletal sample. Radiocarbon dates for Neandertal 1, from which a mtDNA sequence was determined in 1997, and a second individual indicate an age of ≈40,000 yr for both...

The knowledge of the associations between the timing of skeletal maturation and craniofacial growth is of primary importance when planning a functional treatment for most of the skeletal malocclusions. This cross-sectional study was thus... more

The knowledge of the associations between the timing of skeletal maturation and craniofacial growth is of primary importance when planning a functional treatment for most of the skeletal malocclusions. This cross-sectional study was thus aimed at evaluating whether sagittal and vertical craniofacial growth has an association with the timing of circumpubertal skeletal maturation. A total of 320 subjects (160 females and 160 males) were included in the study (mean age,12.3±1.7years; range, 7.6–16.7 years). These subjects were equally distributed in the circumpubertal cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages 2 to 5. Each CVM stage group also had equal number of females and males. Multiple regression models were run for each CVM stage group to assess the significance of the association of cephalometric parameters (ANB, SN/MP, and NSBa angles) with age of attainment of the corresponding CVM stage (in months). Significant associations were seen only for stage 3, where the SN/MP angle wa...

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays multiple roles in the development of the anterior craniofacial skeleton. We show that the earliest function of Hh is indirect, regulating development of the stomodeum, or oral ectoderm. A subset of... more

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays multiple roles in the development of the anterior craniofacial skeleton. We show that the earliest function of Hh is indirect, regulating development of the stomodeum, or oral ectoderm. A subset of post-migratory neural crest cells, that gives rise to the cartilages of the anterior neurocranium and the pterygoid process of the palatoquadrate in the upper jaw, condenses upon the upper or roof layer of the stomodeal ectoderm in the first pharyngeal arch. We observe that in mutants for the Hh co-receptor smoothened (smo) the condensation of this specific subset of crest cells fails, and expression of several genes is lost in the stomodeal ectoderm. Genetic mosaic analyses with smo mutants show that for the crest cells to condense the crucial target tissue receiving the Hh signal is the stomodeum, not the crest. Blocking signaling with cyclopamine reveals that the crucial stage, for both crest condensation and stomodeal marker expression, is at the end of g...

In recent years, there have been certain drawbacks in the behavior of students in school cultural activities, especially the frequent occurrence of cheating in exams. Although many manual cheating detection methods have been applied,... more

In recent years, there have been certain drawbacks in the behavior of students in school cultural activities, especially the frequent occurrence of cheating in exams. Although many manual cheating detection methods have been applied, cheating behaviors have become increasingly sophisticated and difficult to detect. This makes manual cheating detection methods unable to completely prevent cheating in exams. Therefore, applying advanced technologies to automatically detect cheating cases becomes necessary to help supervisors better control the exam process. In this study, we propose a model architecture to monitor students' cheating activities during exams. Firstly, we apply YOLO-Pose to detect skeleton keypoints, which are then passed through machine learning models such as support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT) classifier, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and propose the Ac Long short-term memory (LSTM) to detect cheating behavior. The experimental results show the feasibility of the model on various metrics. The model is tested on a dataset of cheating behaviors in the classroom, which is designed to simulate paper-based exams. Moreover, the results showed that the proposed method can detect cheating behavior in a short amount of time and can be deployed for real-world applications.