Urea Synthesis Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by
- •
- Urea Synthesis

This research aims at analyzing the response of Aloe vera L. plant on cow manure and urea fertilizer in sandy soil. The research which was conducted in Yogyakarta has three treatments of 10, 20, and 30t ha-1 levels of cow manure and five levels of urea fertilizer at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600kg ha-1. The research arranged a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication. The variables measured include yield, growth, and vitamin content. A huge effect was found (P < 0.05) between manure and urea. Statistic analysis significant of data was tested by analysis of variant and continued Duncan's Multiple Range Test of α < 5%. The highest yield and growth rate was located at 30t ha-1 and 450kg ha-1 , while the most significant content of pro-vitamin A, vitamin C and provitamin E were found in 30t ha-1 and 300kg ha-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that 30t ha-1 manure and 300 to 450kg ha-1 urea are best used to grow plants.

- by INNSPUB Journals
- •
- Agronomy, Horticulture, Organic agriculture, Sustainable agriculture

In Urea plant passivation air is used in reactor, stripper and downstream of the all equipments. The reactor liner material used Titanium, Zirconium, SS 316L (urea grade), 2RE-69 and duplex material .except Titanium and Zirconium all stainless steel required more passivation air. In CO 2 some quantity of Hydrogen is present about 0.14% to 0.2%. The passivation oxygen and Hydrogen makes explosive mixture. To avoid a fire or explosion in a process vessel is to introduce inert (noncombustible) gases in such a way that there is never a mixture with a combustible concentration in exit of MP vent. Mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and inert gases are not combustible over the entire range of composition. In CO 2 stripping process the HP scrubber is the risky vessel and this vessel consisting blanketing sphere, Heat exchanger part and a scrubbing part. With help of triangular diagram that shows the shape of the combustible/noncombustible regions for a typical gaseous mixture of fuel, oxygen, and inert at specified temperature and pressure. Present article how to avoid that combustible rang and how to tackle that gases in CO 2 & ammonia stripping process.

- by Prem Baboo
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Air pollution, Urea Synthesis

Research paper on production of urea under Snamprogetti Urea Technology

- by Reyhana Noorsham
- •
- Urea Synthesis, Chemical Process Principles, snamprogetti
- by Peter Ramberg
- •
- History, Organic Chemistry, Nineteenth Century, Vitalism

Earlier research found 3D morphologies developed using low-cost microwave synthesis technique were not retained during the transformation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) by annealing titanium glycerolate (TGy) powder resulting in low photoelectron conversion efficiencies in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) devices. This study overcame – the challenge and FESEM imaging showed 3D morphologies were retained after annealing via the same microwave method and solvent system by using urea as an aid for a structure preserving/tuning agent. The morphological tuning and N-doping resulted in the 3D hierarchical titanium dioxide nanostructures including a Gomphrena Globosa flower-like, blossomed flower of Dahlia Pinnata- like morphologies and other 3D –features. The diffusion of N in the TiO2 matrix was confirmed from XPS, EDAX and also reflected in optical absorption characteristics. The binder free TiO2 pastes have been prepared from the synthesized TiO2 nanopowders that were employed in the screen printing. The screen printed photoanodes were used to assemble DSSC devices.The output performances of DSSC reveal the influence of the nitrogen doping in relation to the undoped TiO2 based device. The Gomphrena globosa flower-like TiO2 nanostructured photoanode exhibited the most pronounced enhancement in short circuit current density and an increase of the maximum power conversion efficiency by nearly a factor of two compared to the pure TiO2.

- by Joshua Pearce
- •
- Photovoltaics, Renewable Energy, Solar Cell, Solar Energy

This is an extract about urea cycle relation with syndrome intestine irritable and some diseases like arthritis reumathoid, created by JoanCarles Testagorda Garcia of the work Anatomia Magna vol.I created by JoanCarles Testagorda Garcia. The total content of this extract (9pages) and the total content, the total original ideas, equations, reasonings of the work Anatomia Magna vol.I more than 150pages are created by JoanCarles Testagorda Garcia

- by Badar Ilham Anggawijaya
- •
- Optimization, Urea Synthesis, ASPEN PLUS

In urea plant ammonium carbamate solution is very corrosive; all metals have corrosion problems with ammonium carbamate and the corrosion problems increase with temperature, a ten degree Celsius rise in temperature doubles the corrosion rate to the point where the duplex steel is no longer acceptable. The material plays a very important role in Urea plants. The space between the reactor liner and the shell is most often empty and employs various methods of detecting a leak ranging from conductivity measurements. Vacuum leak detection system, pressure leak detection system etc. Titanium, SS316L (urea grade), 2 RE-69 etc.) Over the years that can resist ammonium carbamate corrosion. Materials plays very important role in any industry. Selection of material is vital at design stage itself ,Wrong selection of material may lead to catastrophic failures and outage of plants & even loss of Human lives, Right selection of material leads to long life of plant. In the latest plants specialty duplex materials are used for liner. The actual reactor has been constructed using a variety of materials, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study of number of leakage in the HP loop vessels, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study of number of leakage in the HP loop vessels, e.g. Reactor, Stripper, Carbamate condenser etc. How to detect leakage and troubleshooting during detection and attending the leakages.

- by Prem Baboo
- •
- Corrosion, Urea Synthesis, Leakage, Reactor Design

Aim: To compare the dental caries status and selected salivary constituents in β thalassemic and healthy children.
Methods: A total of 100 children were included in the study, study group consisted of 50 diagnosed cases of Thalassemia attending the Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore and control group consisted of 50 healthy children who visited the Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, V S dental college, Bangalore for routine dental check-up. Salivary constituents like calcium, potassium, phosphorous, sodium, urea and magnesium were assessed using salivary kits
and dental caries was recorded according to WHO criteria 2013.
Results: Salivary calcium, sodium, urea and magnesium levels were lower and salivary potassium and phosphorous levels were higher in thalassemic children when compared to that of healthy children and the results were statistically significant only for salivary urea levels. There was a positive correlation between salivary parameters and dental caries.
Conclusion: Thalassemic children are more prone to dental caries which could be attributed to poor oral hygiene, poor motivation, endocrine problems, malocclusion, frequent blood transfusion, and immune deficiency. In the present study reduced salivary calcium, sodium, urea, and magnesium levels and increased salivary potassium and phosphorous levels in thalassemic children, could be the causative factors for the increased incidence of dental caries in these children.

Urea nitrate (UN) has not found use as a legitimate explosive but is commonly used as an improvised explosive. The dehydration product of UN is nitrourea (NU). Visually both UN and NU are white solids that both melt around 160 °C. Other properties differ markedly as might be expected from an inorganic salt (UN) and an organic molecular compound (NU). An extensive physical characterization of NU and UN is reported. Two reported routes to the NU product are compared and a decomposition mechanism of UN proposed.

- by Augustus China
- •
- Materials Characterisation, Nitrate, Explosive analysis, Urea Synthesis

how to identifying urea from urine

- by tri bawono aji
- •
- Urea Synthesis
- by Pandu Pinasthiko
- •
- Energy, Urea Synthesis, Reactor

Formaldehyde can form a violet colour complex with chromotropic acid in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid at elevated temperature. The intensity of the colour produced is proportional to the formaldehyde content and is measured using... more

- by Rajan George
- •
- Urea Synthesis
- by S.-m. Phang
- •
- Biomass, Plant Biology, Environmental Biotechnology, Waste water treatment
- by Inas AlNashef
- •
- Toxicology, Leaching, Artemia, Ionic Liquid
- by Ahmad Rahcmat
- •
- Urea Synthesis

— The effects of different grazing land improvement practices on herbaceous production, grazing capacities and their economics were studied in Ejere district, west Shoa zone, Ethiopia. Four different treatments, i.e., application of Urea and Diammonium phosphate (DAP), cattle manure, wooden ash, and a control/no application) were randomly applied to the study plots in three replications for each treatment. All experimental plots were fenced throughout the study period. The application of urea and DAP significantly increased grass (3620.86 kg ha-1) and total biomass production (5742.93 kg ha-1). Of the 6 herbaceous species recorded in the Urea and DAP plots, four of them were grasses with Setaria verticellata having the highest percentage composition (35.54%) while the control plot was dominated by Cyperus rotundus (31.5%) and Cerastium octandrum (31.5%). Less land is required to maintain a tropical livestock unit (TLU) in Urea and DAP applied plots (0.03 ha TLU-1) than in plots applied with other treatments (mean = 0.09 ha TLU-1). Similar to the result of the biological data, the participants of the grassland day rated the Urea and DAP applied treatment best because of the high production of grass. Considering total biomass production, application of manure was advantageous to the farmers due to increased net benefits and the marginal rate of return is above the minimum accetable rate for this sort of treatment. On the other hand, considering grass production alone, application of Urea and DAP was more profitable for farmers as far as they store and sell it in the dry seasons. In conclusion, we recommend a long-term study to examine the effects of the different treatments on productivity of grazing lands, herbaceous species composition, grazing capacities, livestock, the environment, and their economics.

- by Agriculture Journal IJOEAR and +1
- •
- Environmental Science, Agriculture, developmentally appropriate practices (DAP), Urea

INSTRUCCIÓN. Resuelva el siguiente cuestionario procurando ser breve en sus respuestas, cuando se solicite un esquema coloque en la parte inferior del mismo los datos que considere importantes para la interpretación del mismo.

- by daniel jaso
- •
- Urea Synthesis
- by Yao Lu
- •
- Japan, Molecular Genetics, Glutamate, Humans

@INCOLLECTION{nickelsen_karin;_grashoff_gerd_concepts_2009, author = {Nickelsen, K{\"a}rin; Gra {\ss}hoff, Gerd}, title = {Concepts from the Bench: Hans Krebs, Kurt Henseleit and the Urea Cycle}, booktitle = {Going Amiss in Experimental Research}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, series = {Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science}, date = {2009}, pages = {91-117} location = {Dordrecht}, }

- by Denis Ocaña Gomez
- •
- Eating Disorders, Diet, Biological Sciences, Insulin
- by Troels Wolthers
- •
- Hepatology, Humans, Blood Glucose, Insulin

= {Gra{\ss}hoff, Gerd}, title = {Discovery of the Urea Cycle: Computer Models of Scientific Discovery}, booktitle = {Computer Simulations in Science and Technology Studies}, publisher = {Springer}, editor = {Petra Ahrweiler, Nigel... more

High pressure is never expected in process or process flow system. Such a problem is remaining in Jamuna fertilizer Company Limited (JFCL) since 1991. All equipments of the process are damaged due to high pressure, which are connected... more

- by Dr. MD. Mamunur Rashid
- •
- Urea Synthesis, HP Ejector

Context: Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) is a popular leafy prostrate branching herb used in folk medicine as a diuretic and urinary antiseptic. Aims: To evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of the ethanolic plant extract and petroleum ether, dichloromethane and aqueous methanol fractions against CCl4 induced toxicity in adult Wistar rats. Methods: The total 95% ethanol extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg and petroleum ether, dichloromethane and aqueous methanol at 200 mg/kg was administered p.o. for seven days followed by one dose of CCl4 (1.25 mL/kg, p.o.) at day six. Serum and tissue parameters for both liver and kidney functions were measured. Histopathological study of both tissues was conducted. Results were compared with normal rats, negative controls receiving only CCl4 and positive controls treated with silymarin (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Results: Effect of the total 95% ethanol extract at 400 mg/kg on serum and tissue liver parameters were weak. However, pro...

- by Abubaker Hamad
- •
- Pharmacology, Traditional Medicine, Histology, Histopathology
- by Karen Nieber
- •
- Cell Adhesion, Self Assembly, Stem Cell, Telomerase
- by Mitsuaki Moriyama
- •
- Japan, Molecular Genetics, Glutamate, Humans

The binary phase diagrams of Sulfanilamide-Urea (SN-U) and Sulfacetamide-Urea (SC-U) were measured using differential scanning calorimetry technique (DSC). Both examined mixtures were found to form simple binary eutectics. The limited miscibility in the solid state observed by DSC, proving inability of co-crystallization in new multi-molecular form, was also confirmed using PXRD and FTIR-ATR measurements of solid dispersions obtained via liquid assisted co-grinding. The lack of intermolecular complex formation in the crystals does not imply the lack of interactions in the liquid state. Detailed characteristics of potential homo- and hetero-molecular pairs were offered using ab initio and the first principle quantum chemistry computations. The obtained results happened to be strongly dependent on the applied level of theory. The importance of including the zero point energy contributions and electron correlation corrections was emphasized. It was found that the mole fraction of hetero-complexes with urea is the highest among all other constituents of studied systems at their eutectic points. Finally, the importance of intermolecular interaction leading to complexes formation in the liquid state at saturated position was documented by computed values of solvation Gibbs free energy. Based on computed trends it was inferred that the eutectic mixtures can be interpreted as such equilibria for which mutual solvation of all components is maximized.

- by Maciej Przybyłek and +1
- •
- Thermodynamics, Quantum Chemistry, Phase Diagrams, Urea

Background and Objectives: There are a number of dietary compounds with purported health benefits such as reducing the risk of heart disease like flavonoids that show bioactivity through their respective antioxidant activity (Walker et al., 2013). Intake of antioxidants and caffeine found in teas, fruits, vegetables, wines and carbonated beverages may be beneficial to body systems at short term and adverse at higher intakes or long term. Caffeine content varies in most of these beverages (Knight et al., 2004). This article investigates the serum concentrations of glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid and creatinine in a cowbell and Nescafe 3in1 sachet coffee fed-rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five (25) male rabbits housed in rabbit cages allowed free access to food and water after 7days of acclimatization were assigned into five groups, of 5 rabbits. Group 1 served as control, fed only on a basal diet while groups 2 and 3 received 310mg/kg and 470mg/kg Cowbell coffee low and high dose respectively per body weight. Group 4 and 5 received 460mg/kg and 690mg/kg Nescafe low dose and high dose respectively per body weight. All administrations were done orally, daily and standard rabbit chow and water was given ad libitum. The treatment lasted for 30days after which the animals were sacrificed and serum obtained for automated analysis. Results: Blood glucose concentration of cowbell high dose group was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with other experimental groups. Total protein, albumin, globulin content were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Nescafe 3in1fed animals compared with control. Blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the high dose groups of the different brands compared with other experimental groups. Uric acid levels of cowbell high dose and Nescafe treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower. Conclusion: Nescafe 3in1sachet coffee increased total protein, but reduced serum uric acid levels in the rabbit, while cowbell sachet coffee at high dose caused increased glucose concentration and serum urea in the rabbit. Nescafe 3in1 sachet coffee may reduce joint inflammation caused by monosodium urate. These effects are due in part to the caffeine and/or antioxidant levels of the different coffees.

- by Troels Wolthers
- •
- Kinetics, Hepatology, Humans, Human Growth Hormone

— Single crystals of pure and urea doped L-histidine bromide (LHB) were grown by isothermal slow evaporation technique. The zwitterionic nature of L-histidine leads to the formation of many crystals when organic and inorganic additives are added. Even though pure and urea doped LHB crystallize in non-centro symmetric from, it exhibits SHG efficiency and chemical stability. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to confirm the grown crystals and found that grown crystals crystallize in orthorhombic structure. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis was performed to confirm the group ligands on the sample. Thermal stability has been analyzed using TG/DTA studies. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystal studied as a function of frequencies and also at room temperature and the results of there experiments are discussed.

- by WJRR Journal
- •
- Chemistry, Urea Synthesis, Dielectric Studies, L histidine
- by Ole Hamberg
- •
- Kinetics, Hepatology, Humans, Human Growth Hormone
- by Rajiv Jalan
- •
- Skeletal muscle biology, Hepatology, Humans, Kidney

Whey protein consumption reportedly alleviates parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the effects of whey protein isolate (whey) in young mice fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that whey as the sole protein source reduced early weight gain associated with retarded growth and decreased concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1. Moreover, we hypothesized that these changes were explained by increased nitrogen loss via elevated urea production and/or increased energy expenditure. Male five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diets with the protein source being either whey, casein or a combination of both for five weeks. After one, three or five weeks, respectively, the mice were subjected to a meal challenge with measurements of blood and urinary urea before and one and three hours after eating a weighed meal of their respective diets. In a subset of mice, energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry during the first week of dietary intervention. Observed exclusively during the first week of intervention, whey significantly reduced body length (P < 0.01) and weight gain (P < 0.001) correlating positively with plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1. The combination diet displayed intermediate results indicating an interactive effect. Urea production, urea cycle activity, food intake and energy expenditure were unaffected by protein source. In conclusion, whey decreased growth-related parameters exclusively during the first week of dietary intervention. The early effect of whey could not be explained by food intake, energy expenditure, urea production or urea cycle activity but was correlated to plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1.

- by Lars I. Hellgren
- •
- Obesity, Urea Synthesis, IGF-1, Whey Proteins
- by Joshua Elkington
- •
- Buddhism, Aging, Longevity, Lifespan Development