Volatilization Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

We quantified eight parent volatiles (H 2 O, C 2 H 6 , HCN, CO, CH 3 OH, H 2 CO, C 2 H 2 , and CH 4 ) in the Jupiter-family comet Tempel 1 using high-dispersion infrared spectroscopy in the wavelength range 2.8 to 5.0 micrometers. The abundance ratio for ethane was significantly higher after impact, whereas those for methanol and hydrogen cyanide were unchanged. The abundance ratios in the ejecta are similar to those for most Oort cloud comets, but methanol and acetylene are lower in Tempel 1 by a factor of about 2. These results suggest that the volatile ices in Tempel 1 and in most Oort cloud comets originated in a common region of the protoplanetary disk.

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- Chemistry, Science, Medicine, Multidisciplinary
- by Joann Lighty
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- Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine
- by Joann Lighty
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- Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium caseinate concentration on physical-chemical properties of coating solutions and films obtained by casting as a starting point for the development of an active coating for minimally processed fruits or vegetables. Sodium caseinate solutions at different concentrations (4%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%) were used as a coating system. The coating viscosity and desorption kinetic were characterized. Minimally processed fennels were coated by dipping and the liquid and dry coating thickness were estimated by assessing the amount of coating on fennel during draining as a function of solution properties (concentration and viscosity). Film obtained by casting were also characterized in terms of equilibrium moisture content, color, and water vapor permeability. The potential of using the sodium caseinate solution to obtain active coating was investigated by adding gallic acid or rosemary oil to sodium caseinate solution at 4%. The anti...

- by Elena Torrieri
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- Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry, Coating

An 'ad-hoc' experimental design to handle the robustness study for the simultaneous determination of dichlobenil and its main metabolite (2,6-dichlorobenzamide) in onions by programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS) is performed. Eighteen experimental factors were considered; 7 related with the extraction and clean up step, 8 with the PTV injection step and 3 factors related with the derivatization step. Therefore, a high number of experiments must be carried out that cannot be conducted in one experimental session and, as a consequence, the experiments of the robustness study must be performed in several sessions or blocks. The procedure to obtain an experimental design suitable for this task works by simultaneously minimizing the joint confidence region for the coefficient estimates and the correlation among them and with the block. In this way, the effect of the factors is not aliased with the block avoiding possible misinterpret...

- by Antonio Sarabia
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Technology, Chromatography

This study aimed to develop a simpler method for determining total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in biological samples by using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) in the degreasing step. The fat in the samples was extracted by MIBK to the upper phase. T-Hg transferred into the water phase. This was followed by the extraction of MeHg from the water phase using HBr, CuCl2 and toluene. The MeHg fraction was reverse-extracted into L-cysteine-sodium acetate solution from toluene. The concentrations of T-Hg and MeHg were determined by heating vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry. Certified reference materials for T-Hg and MeHg in hair and fish were accurately measured using this method. This method was then applied to determine T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in the muscle, liver and gonads of seafood for the risk assessment of MeHg exposure. The mean T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in squid eggs were 0.023 and 0.022 µg/g, and in squid nidamental glands 0.052 and 0.049 µg/g, respect...

- by CHIHAYA Koriyama
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- Chemistry, Methylmercury, Medicine, Liver

A novel route for the synthesis of large area graphene by an indigenously built electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) setup has been reported in this work. A unique 2.45 GHz permanent magnet type ECR PECVD system has been designed and developed for the growth of various nano-structures and films. The apparatus has a unique advantage to synthesize large area graphene at much lower additional substrate heating than heat supplied by an external oven in conventional thermal CVD method. A major amount of heat is supplied here by ECR plasma. Polycrystalline copper foil is used here as a catalytic substrate which is pre annealed inside resonant hydrogen plasma prior to its exposure under precursor gaseous plasma inside the ECR PECVD reactor. Methane is used as carbon precursor along with hydrogen as carrier gas. Argon gas is used for the rapid cooling of the substrate maintaining suitable thermodynamic condition favorable for graphene synthesi...

- by GS Taki
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- Physics, Materials Science, Graphene, Chemical Vapor Deposition
- by Lucília Domingues
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- Engineering, Food Science, Fermentation
- by Sawaek Weerakiet
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- Andrology, Biology, Cryopreservation, Medicine
- by Arturo Keller
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- Chemistry, Environmental Toxicology, Chromatography, Medicine
- by Naser Karimi
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- Chemistry
- by Christian Mestres
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, France
- by Cherif ABDENNOUR
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- Physiology, Chemistry, Medicine, Biological Sciences
- by Chris Keil
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Air Sampling, Humans
- by Enrique Dapena
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- Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Chemometrics, Chromatography
- by Wilhelm Boland
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- Botany, Plant Biology, Biology, Fungi

There is initial evidence that the use of volatile anesthetics can reduce the postoperative release of cardiac troponin I, the need for inotropic support, and the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalization following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Nevertheless, small Randomized Controlled Trials have failed to demonstrate a survival advantage. Thus, whether volatile anesthetics improve the postoperative outcome of cardiac surgical patients remains uncertain. An adequately powered randomized controlled trial appears desirable. Single blinded, international, multicenter randomized controlled trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Tertiary and University hospitals. Patients (n=10,600) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft will be randomized to receive either volatile anesthetic as part of the anesthetic plan, or total intravenous anesthesia. The primary end point of the study will be one-year mortality (any cause). Secondary endpoints will be 30-day mortality; 30-d...

- by Gudrun Kunst
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- Survival Analysis, Medicine, Cardiac Surgery, Humans

SYNOPSIS The avocado fruit parameters moisture content, volume, polar and equatorial diameters and seed coat colour were correlated with oil content and subjected to simple and multiple regression analyses, in order to find a faster way to estimate the oil content, in six avocado cultivars grown in Chile. The best oil content estimator was the moisture content, based on simple regression equations. The minimum moisture content to harvest avocado cultivars was 80,5 per cent for Negra de la Cruz; 78,7 per cent for Bacon; 79,4 per cent for Zutano; 82,3 per cent for Fuerte; 77,1 per cent for Edranol and 73,9 per cent for Hass.

- by Francisco Gardiazabal
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- Horticulture, Biology, Cultivar, Mill
- by J. Demyttenaere
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Technology, Chromatography

Cryopreservation is a widely used method to preserve sperm prior to any cytotoxic therapy or testicular surgical intervention to be used later for assisted conception. Despite of multiple modifications in cryopreservation protocols, the yield of post-thaw good quality sperm has not been improved much. There is little data regarding factors affecting cryopreservation techniques and outcomes. Present review focuses on the basic biology of cryopreservation, its current protocols and effects on sperm proteomic and epigenomic modifications.

- by MANUEL CHANDE VILLEGAS
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- Environmental Science, Chemistry, Kinetics, Rheology
- by MANUEL CHANDE VILLEGAS
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- Chemistry, Kinetics, Biotechnology, Medicine
- by SCOTT RANKIN
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- Chemistry, Chromatography, Medicine, Food Analysis
- by Laura Cullere
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Food Science, Mass Spectrometry

Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) have become a significant environmental and public health concern in the 21st century, now widely recognized as common in wastewater systems. These synthetic or naturally-derived chemicals can cause... more

- by Gordon Jackman
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- Wastewater Treatment, Emerging Contaminants
- by William Byrdwell
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Technology, Light Scattering
- by Kim Jones
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- Chemistry, Chromatography, Ketone, Butyl Acetate
- by Willy Maenhaut
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- Chemistry, Biomass, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine
- by Junji Takabayashi
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- Chemical Ecology, Biology, Chemical, Medicine
- by mohammad wasil
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- Microbiology, Electronics, Principal Component Analysis, British

Application of compound-specific stable isotope approaches often involves comparisons of isotope enrichment factors (ε). Experimental determination of ε-values is based on the Rayleigh equation, which relates the change in measured isotope ratios to the decreasing substrate fractions and is valid for closed systems. Even in well-controlled batch experiments, however, this requirement is not necessarily fulfilled, since repetitive sampling can remove a significant fraction of the analyte. For volatile compounds the need for appropriate corrections is most evident, and various methods have been proposed to account for mass removal and for volatilization into the headspace. In this study we use both synthetic and experimental data to demonstrate that the determination of ε-values according to current correction methods is prone to considerable systematic errors even in well-designed experimental setups. Application of inappropriate methods may lead to incorrect and inconsistent ε-value...

- by Stefan Haderlein
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- Sociology, Chemistry, Hematology, Medicine
- by Stefan Haderlein
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- Environmental Science, Water, Stratification, Medicine
- by Louise Weschler
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- Chemistry, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Humans
- by Ana Afonso
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- Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Chromatography, Medicine

Solvents should be properly evaporated after application to dental substrates. The aim of this study was to assess the evaporation of commercial, experimental and neat solvents. The tested null hypotheses were that there are no differences in solvent evaporation regardless of its formulation and over time. Evaporation from commercial adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multipurpose Primer, Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive, Prime & Bond NT, Multi Bond, Excite, Single Bond 2, Adhese Primer, Adhese Bond, Xeno III A and Xeno III B) and experimental primers (35% HEMA plus 65% acetone or ethanol or water v/v) were compared to neat solvents (acetone, ethanol and water). Samples (10 µL) of these products were dripped into glass containers placed on a digital precision balance. Evaporation was assessed at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 300 and 600 s times to calculate mass loss. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Bonferroni's correction (a=0.05). Acetone-based products exhibited a remark...

- by Fábio NIHI
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- Chemistry, Dentistry, Water, Evaporation
- by Soumaya BOUBSIL
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- Physiology, Chemistry, Medicine, Biological Sciences
- by Mirela Pascu
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- Engineering, Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry
- by Alessandra D'Agostina
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Food Science

- by Вадим Пасюга
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- Survival Analysis, Medicine, Cardiac Surgery, Humans
- by Peter Schieberle
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Chromatography, Medicine
- by Pedro Jose Sanches Filho
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, Chromatography
- by Stefano Piotto
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- Chemistry, Crystallography, Water, Polymorphism
- by Tom Li
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- Environmental Science, Chemistry, Soil, Carbon Dioxide
- by Bianca Mokhtari
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- Materials Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Medicine, Lung Cancer
- by Elena Molina
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Food Science, Water
- by Drew Blicharz
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- Environmental Science, Chemistry, Transportation, Environmental Chemistry

Avocado (Persea americana) is grown in many nations throughout
Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. The climate of Tanzania offers a
perfect habitat for growing avocados. This paper investigates how
transportation affects the Tanzanian avocado industry. Data were gathered
from 505 farmers and 37 categories/groups using a cross-sectional design.
Data analysis was done using SPSS where descriptive statistics and the chisquare test. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's Honest
Significant Difference (HSD) test at p < 0.05 was also done. According to the
results, local avocado output is dominated by men (79% male vs. 21% female).
The result of the binary logit model revealed that the participation of avocado
producers in a high-value market was influenced by age, educational status,
the number of avocados sold, the price of avocado, and market information.
With sorting (12%), grading (7%), and packaging (9%), quality during
production was judged most important (25%), followed by harvesting (16%),
storage (16%), and transportation (15%) with less relevance were factors
impacting quality. Improving the avocado market for growers depends on
addressing these problems at the national, regional, and district levels. Hencetransportation has a big influence on the avocado industry since smallholder
growers have great difficulties influencing market access and produce quality.
Improvement of transport infrastructure and support systems at the national,
regional, and district levels will help to boost the avocado market.

- by Tumaini Steven
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- Marketing, Market, Transport, Farmers' Markets
- by Phúc Đỗ
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- Biochemistry, Chemistry, Plant Biology, Biology
- by Andreas Brust
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- Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Social Media
- by Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
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- Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Medicine, CHEMICAL SCIENCES