Teochew dialect (original) (raw)
Le teochew (Pe̍h-ōe-jī romanisation: Tiê-chiu-uē; romanisation peng'im : Dio5-ziu1-uê7; chinois : 潮州話 ; mandarin (pinyin) : Cháozhōuhuà ; également : teochiu, tiociu, diojiu'ue, chiuchow, chaozhouhua) est un dialecte minnan, parlé à l'extrême Est de la province de Guangdong, dans la région de Chaoshan.
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| dbo:abstract | Teochew oder Chaozhou (chinesisch 潮州話 / 潮州话, Pinyin Cháozhōuhuà, Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tiê-chiu-uē – „Chaozhou-Sprache“, IPA: [tiε5 tsiu1 uε7]) ist eine Min-Nan-Sprache (nach offizieller Sprachregelung ein Dialekt des Chinesischen), die in den östlichen acht Bezirken der Provinz Guangdong gesprochen wird und am ehesten mit dem im südlichen Fujian gesprochenem Hokkien und mit Taiwanisch verwandt ist. Sie wird von Han-Chinesen gesprochen und hat weltweit ungefähr 30 Millionen Sprecher. Die Bezeichnung leitet sich von einer alten, englisch-basierten Umschrift des Städtenamens Chaozhou ab. Teochew ist eine tonale Sprache, die über sechs Tonfälle und ein starkes Tonsandhi (tonale Veränderung bei Zusammentreffen zweier Silben) verfügt. Sie unterscheidet sich sowohl lautlich als auch grammatikalisch stark vom Hochchinesischen (Mandarin) und dem Kantonesischen, so dass eine mündliche Verständigung zwischen beiden Idiomen nicht möglich ist. Teochew gehört zu den konservativsten Idiomen der Han-Chinesen und hat noch viele sprachliche Strukturen wie Aussprache und Satzbau vom antiken Mittelchinesisch beibehalten und ist deshalb gerade für Sinologen, die sich mit der antiken alt- und mittelchinesischen Literatur beschäftigen, besonders interessant, da sie näher mit dem antiken Chinesisch verwandt ist als die moderne hochchinesische Standardsprache. Die Sprache ist mehr als tausend Jahre alt und wird von vielen Auslandschinesen gesprochen. So sollen allein in Malaysia fast eine Million Teochew-Chinesen leben. In Hongkong ist sie die zweithäufigste gesprochene Sprache, sie wird aber aufgrund vieler Auswanderungswellen von Teochew-Chinesen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert auch von der Diaspora in den jeweiligen Ländern gesprochen (Taiwan, Singapur, Thailand, Indonesien/Java/Bali, Vietnam, Kambodscha, Brunei, Australien, Neuseeland, USA und weitere). Die meisten Teochew-Sprecher wachsen in China zweisprachig auf, wobei sie im öffentlichen Leben Hochchinesisch sprechen und nur im familiären Kreis Teochew. Gerade die jüngere Generation verlernt die sprachlichen Eigenheiten durch den Einfluss standardchinesischer medialer Einflüsse immer mehr, besonders regional verwendete Schriftzeichen werden kaum noch gelehrt. (de) Le teochew (Pe̍h-ōe-jī romanisation: Tiê-chiu-uē; romanisation peng'im : Dio5-ziu1-uê7; chinois : 潮州話 ; mandarin (pinyin) : Cháozhōuhuà ; également : teochiu, tiociu, diojiu'ue, chiuchow, chaozhouhua) est un dialecte minnan, parlé à l'extrême Est de la province de Guangdong, dans la région de Chaoshan. (fr) Bahasa Tiochiu, Tiociu, Teochew atau Diojiu (Hanzi: 潮州话；Pinyin: Cháozhōuhua; Wade-Giles: Ch'ao²-chou¹; kadang juga dieja sebagai Chiu Chow atau Teo Chew di Amerika Serikat dan Hong Kong) adalah bahasa Orang Tiochiu. Bahasa ini termasuk ke dalam rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet. Bahasa ini berkerabat dengan bahasa Hokkien (Tiochiu dan Hokkien/Min-nan diklasifikasikan dalam rumpun Min) dan penutur kedua bahasa dapat cukup mengerti kedua bahasa meski tidak seluruhnya. (in) Teochew or Chaozhou (Chinese: 潮州話; pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Chinese: 潮汕話; pinyin: Cháoshànhuà, Chinese: 潮語; pinyin: Cháoyǔ, Teochew endonym: Diê⁵ziu¹ uê⁷, Shantou dialect: Dio⁵ziu¹ uê⁷) is a dialect of Chaoshan Min, a Southern Min language, that is spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by their diaspora around the world. It is sometimes referred to as Chiuchow, its Cantonese rendering, due to the English romanisation by colonial officials and explorers. It is closely related to some dialects of Hokkien, as it shares some cognates and phonology with Hokkien. The two are mutually unintelligible, but it is possible to understand some words. Teochew preserves many Old Chinese pronunciations and vocabulary that have been lost in some of the other modern varieties of Chinese. As such, Teochew is described as one of the most conservative Chinese languages. (en) 潮州語（ちょうしゅうご、中国語: 潮州话, 拼音: Cháozhōuhuà、英語: Teochew, Chaozhou dialect）は、中国語の方言のひとつで、閩南語（ミンナン語）の下位方言。中国広東省東部の汕頭市、潮州市などの地域とタイ、マレーシア、シンガポールなどの東南アジアに話者が多い。 (ja) Il Teochew, anche chiamato Chaozhouhua, Tiechiu, Tiéchiu, Tie-chiw, Tiochiu, o Tiochew (caratteri cinesi: 潮州話; AFI: tie55-11 tsiu33 ue11) è un dialetto della lingua min nan. Il suo sistema di romanizzazione si chiama Peng'im e fa parte di quattro romanizzazioni dette "Guangdong Romanization" promulgate nel 1960 per romanizzare il Teochew, l'Hainanese, lo Yue/cantonese e l'Hakka. Le prime due opere europee che parlano di questo dialetto sono una grammatica di William Dean del 1842, "First Lessons in the Tie-chiw Dialect", e un vocabolario di guanhua con pronunce dialettali (tra cui il Teochew, chiamato "Tiéchiu") di Samuel Wells Williams, "An English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect". (it) 차오저우어(중국어 정체자: 潮州話, 간체자: 潮州话, : Dio5-ziu1-uê7, 백화자: Tiê-chiu-uē, 병음: Cháozhōu huà)는 중국어 방언의 하나이다. 민남어의 한 갈래이다. 중국 광둥성 동부, 태국, 인도네시아, 말레이시아, 싱가포르 등에서 많이 쓰인다. 조주어, 하문어, 해남어는 같은 민남어에 속하지만, 발음에는 상당한 차이가 있다. 하지만 어휘나 문법은 비슷해서 어느 정도의 의사소통은 가능하다. 또한 조주어는 어휘나 발음에는 고대 중국어의 특징이 많이 남아 있다. (ko) Het Chaozhouhua is een dialect van de Chinese taal Min. Het is het belangrijkste en meest gesproken dialect in Chaozhou, Shantou en Jieyang, die in het oosten van de Zuid-Chinese provincie Guangdong liggen. Deze drie stadsagglomeraties worden ook wel Chaoshan genoemd. Geschat wordt dat er 12 tot 15 miljoen mensen op de wereld dit dialect spreken. De mensen die dit dialect spreken, noemen het zelf Teeuwchieuw ooi. (nl) Teochew é um dialeto do sul de Chaoshan min, no qual é falada pelo povo teochew que originou em Cantão, também é falado na Tailândia, Hong Kong, Singapura, Vietnã, Indonésia e Malásia. O Teochew preserva várias pronúncias do chinês antigo, como uma distinção de três vias entre as plosivas não-aspiradas, não-aspiradas, não-sonorizadas e não-sonorizadas, que estão ausentes no chinês mandarim. As vogais orais e nasalizadas formam pares mínimos contrastantes em Teochew. (pt) Teochew, tiochiu, diojiu (潮州話, teoch. Dio5 ziu1 uê7, pinyin Cháozhōuhuà) – dialekt należący do grupy języków minnańskich, używany w regionie Chaoshan we wschodniej części prowincji Guangdong w Chinach. Wykazuje bardzo niski poziom podobieństwa do innych dialektów minnańskich, mając z nim wspólnych mniej słów niż język angielski ma z niemieckim. Zachował potrójną opozycję fonologiczną spółgłosek bezdźwięcznych przydechowych, bezdźwięcznych nieprzydechowych i dźwięcznych nieprzydechowych, nieistniejącą w języku mandaryńskim. Dialekt teochew jest dialektem chińskim najbardziej powszechnie używanym przez Chińczyków zamieszkujących Tajlandię. Teochew powszechnie zapisywany jest odrębnym systemem romanizacji, która każdemu z sześciu tonów przyporządkowuje cyfrę go określającą, stawianą za sylabą, która jest w nim wypowiadana. (pl) Чаошаньский диалект (кит. трад. 潮州話, упр. 潮州话, пиньинь Cháozhōu huà, англ. Teochew) — одно из наречий южноминьского языка (по другой версии — южноминьского диалекта китайского языка), распространенное в (кит. 潮汕, сокращение от названий городов Чаочжоу и Шаньтоу) на востоке провинции Гуандун, а также среди чаошаньской диаспоры в различных регионах мира. Чаошаньский диалект сохранил много древнекитайских элементов в лексике и фонетике, утраченных в ряде других современных китайских диалектов. По этой причине многие лингвисты считают чаошаньский одним из наиболее консервативных диалектов китайского языка. С точки зрения грамматики, чаошаньский похож на другие южнокитайские языки-диалекты, особенно на хакка и кантонский. Как и путунхуа, диалект относится к типу SVO, хотя при использовании частиц возможна последовательность SOV. (ru) 潮州話，又叫潮語、潮汕話 ，是漢藏語系漢語族閩語支閩南語的一種方言。潮州話屬閩南語潮汕片，是潮汕民系的母語，在海外的潮汕民系聚居的地區也頗具影響力，仅次于粤语和闽台片闽南语。 潮州话这一词有广义和狭义两种概念。广义的潮州话即潮汕話，指整个闽南语的潮汕片（diê5 suan1 piêng3 / Tiê-suann-phiàng），通行于潮汕地區，即廣東省東部的潮州市、汕頭市、揭阳市以及梅州市管辖的豐順縣。狭义的潮州话指潮州市通行的方言，也是潮汕片传统上的代表方言。現今潮汕一帶多以“潮汕話”來稱呼潮汕片方言。 潮州話在英文被稱為Teochew或者Chiuchow，分别是“潮州”兩字在潮州話和在粤语中的音譯。在历史上，整个潮汕地区都属于潮州府辖境之内，因此仍有不少詞典、專著等學術著作将整个潮汕片方言统称为“潮州話”，《潮州話拼音方案》便是基於汕頭話為標準編纂的，而《潮汕大字典》則是基於潮州府城音。 (zh) |
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| dbo:spokenIn | dbr:Fujian dbr:Guangdong dbr:Chaozhou |
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| dbp:altname | Chaozhou (en) |
| dbp:buc | Dièu-ciŭ-uâ (en) |
| dbp:description | "buy geese to eat" (en) |
| dbp:ethnicity | dbr:Teochew_people |
| dbp:fam | dbr:Sinitic_languages dbr:Chaoshan_Min dbr:Southern_Min dbr:Min_Chinese dbr:Coastal_Min |
| dbp:familycolor | Sino-Tibetan (en) |
| dbp:filename | Zh-nan-czhu, bhoi2 gho5 lai7 ziah8.ogg (en) |
| dbp:glotto | chao1238 (en) |
| dbp:glottorefname | Chaozhou (en) |
| dbp:h | Tshèu-chû-fa (en) |
| dbp:header | Prenasalization of voiced plosives and lateral in Teochew (en) |
| dbp:iso | none (en) |
| dbp:iso3comment | (en) |
| dbp:isoexception | dialect (en) |
| dbp:j | Ciu4 zau1 waa2 (en) |
| dbp:labels | no (en) |
| dbp:lingua | 79 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:name | Teochew (en) |
| dbp:nativename | (en) |
| dbp:notice | IPA (en) |
| dbp:p | Cháoshànhuà (en) bèi (en) Cháozhōuhuà (en) gān (en) Cháoyǔ (en) Cháozhōu huà (en) bēizi gěi dǎ pòle (en) cáng (en) gěi (en) tā bǐ nǐ piàoliang (en) yǎnjīng (en) |
| dbp:poj | Tiê-chiu-uē (en) |
| dbp:region | Eastern Guangdong , Southern Fujian (en) |
| dbp:s | 乾 (en) 潮州话 (en) 眼睛 (en) 藏 (en) |
| dbp:states | dbr:Chaozhou |
| dbp:t | 給 (en) 被 (en) 鳳凰山 (en) 潮州話 (en) 她比你漂亮 (en) 杯子給打破了 (en) |
| dbp:teo | Diê⁵ziu¹ uê⁷/Dio⁵ziu¹ uê⁷ (en) |
| dbp:title | Voicelessly prenasalised voiced stops and lateral (en) |
| dbp:type | speech (en) |
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| dbp:wuu | zau tseu ghae ho (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Le teochew (Pe̍h-ōe-jī romanisation: Tiê-chiu-uē; romanisation peng'im : Dio5-ziu1-uê7; chinois : 潮州話 ; mandarin (pinyin) : Cháozhōuhuà ; également : teochiu, tiociu, diojiu'ue, chiuchow, chaozhouhua) est un dialecte minnan, parlé à l'extrême Est de la province de Guangdong, dans la région de Chaoshan. (fr) Bahasa Tiochiu, Tiociu, Teochew atau Diojiu (Hanzi: 潮州话；Pinyin: Cháozhōuhua; Wade-Giles: Ch'ao²-chou¹; kadang juga dieja sebagai Chiu Chow atau Teo Chew di Amerika Serikat dan Hong Kong) adalah bahasa Orang Tiochiu. Bahasa ini termasuk ke dalam rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet. Bahasa ini berkerabat dengan bahasa Hokkien (Tiochiu dan Hokkien/Min-nan diklasifikasikan dalam rumpun Min) dan penutur kedua bahasa dapat cukup mengerti kedua bahasa meski tidak seluruhnya. (in) 潮州語（ちょうしゅうご、中国語: 潮州话, 拼音: Cháozhōuhuà、英語: Teochew, Chaozhou dialect）は、中国語の方言のひとつで、閩南語（ミンナン語）の下位方言。中国広東省東部の汕頭市、潮州市などの地域とタイ、マレーシア、シンガポールなどの東南アジアに話者が多い。 (ja) Il Teochew, anche chiamato Chaozhouhua, Tiechiu, Tiéchiu, Tie-chiw, Tiochiu, o Tiochew (caratteri cinesi: 潮州話; AFI: tie55-11 tsiu33 ue11) è un dialetto della lingua min nan. Il suo sistema di romanizzazione si chiama Peng'im e fa parte di quattro romanizzazioni dette "Guangdong Romanization" promulgate nel 1960 per romanizzare il Teochew, l'Hainanese, lo Yue/cantonese e l'Hakka. Le prime due opere europee che parlano di questo dialetto sono una grammatica di William Dean del 1842, "First Lessons in the Tie-chiw Dialect", e un vocabolario di guanhua con pronunce dialettali (tra cui il Teochew, chiamato "Tiéchiu") di Samuel Wells Williams, "An English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect". (it) 차오저우어(중국어 정체자: 潮州話, 간체자: 潮州话, : Dio5-ziu1-uê7, 백화자: Tiê-chiu-uē, 병음: Cháozhōu huà)는 중국어 방언의 하나이다. 민남어의 한 갈래이다. 중국 광둥성 동부, 태국, 인도네시아, 말레이시아, 싱가포르 등에서 많이 쓰인다. 조주어, 하문어, 해남어는 같은 민남어에 속하지만, 발음에는 상당한 차이가 있다. 하지만 어휘나 문법은 비슷해서 어느 정도의 의사소통은 가능하다. 또한 조주어는 어휘나 발음에는 고대 중국어의 특징이 많이 남아 있다. (ko) Het Chaozhouhua is een dialect van de Chinese taal Min. Het is het belangrijkste en meest gesproken dialect in Chaozhou, Shantou en Jieyang, die in het oosten van de Zuid-Chinese provincie Guangdong liggen. Deze drie stadsagglomeraties worden ook wel Chaoshan genoemd. Geschat wordt dat er 12 tot 15 miljoen mensen op de wereld dit dialect spreken. De mensen die dit dialect spreken, noemen het zelf Teeuwchieuw ooi. (nl) Teochew é um dialeto do sul de Chaoshan min, no qual é falada pelo povo teochew que originou em Cantão, também é falado na Tailândia, Hong Kong, Singapura, Vietnã, Indonésia e Malásia. O Teochew preserva várias pronúncias do chinês antigo, como uma distinção de três vias entre as plosivas não-aspiradas, não-aspiradas, não-sonorizadas e não-sonorizadas, que estão ausentes no chinês mandarim. As vogais orais e nasalizadas formam pares mínimos contrastantes em Teochew. (pt) 潮州話，又叫潮語、潮汕話 ，是漢藏語系漢語族閩語支閩南語的一種方言。潮州話屬閩南語潮汕片，是潮汕民系的母語，在海外的潮汕民系聚居的地區也頗具影響力，仅次于粤语和闽台片闽南语。 潮州话这一词有广义和狭义两种概念。广义的潮州话即潮汕話，指整个闽南语的潮汕片（diê5 suan1 piêng3 / Tiê-suann-phiàng），通行于潮汕地區，即廣東省東部的潮州市、汕頭市、揭阳市以及梅州市管辖的豐順縣。狭义的潮州话指潮州市通行的方言，也是潮汕片传统上的代表方言。現今潮汕一帶多以“潮汕話”來稱呼潮汕片方言。 潮州話在英文被稱為Teochew或者Chiuchow，分别是“潮州”兩字在潮州話和在粤语中的音譯。在历史上，整个潮汕地区都属于潮州府辖境之内，因此仍有不少詞典、專著等學術著作将整个潮汕片方言统称为“潮州話”，《潮州話拼音方案》便是基於汕頭話為標準編纂的，而《潮汕大字典》則是基於潮州府城音。 (zh) Teochew oder Chaozhou (chinesisch 潮州話 / 潮州话, Pinyin Cháozhōuhuà, Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tiê-chiu-uē – „Chaozhou-Sprache“, IPA: [tiε5 tsiu1 uε7]) ist eine Min-Nan-Sprache (nach offizieller Sprachregelung ein Dialekt des Chinesischen), die in den östlichen acht Bezirken der Provinz Guangdong gesprochen wird und am ehesten mit dem im südlichen Fujian gesprochenem Hokkien und mit Taiwanisch verwandt ist. Sie wird von Han-Chinesen gesprochen und hat weltweit ungefähr 30 Millionen Sprecher. Die Bezeichnung leitet sich von einer alten, englisch-basierten Umschrift des Städtenamens Chaozhou ab. (de) Teochew or Chaozhou (Chinese: 潮州話; pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Chinese: 潮汕話; pinyin: Cháoshànhuà, Chinese: 潮語; pinyin: Cháoyǔ, Teochew endonym: Diê⁵ziu¹ uê⁷, Shantou dialect: Dio⁵ziu¹ uê⁷) is a dialect of Chaoshan Min, a Southern Min language, that is spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by their diaspora around the world. It is sometimes referred to as Chiuchow, its Cantonese rendering, due to the English romanisation by colonial officials and explorers. It is closely related to some dialects of Hokkien, as it shares some cognates and phonology with Hokkien. The two are mutually unintelligible, but it is possible to understand some words. (en) Teochew, tiochiu, diojiu (潮州話, teoch. Dio5 ziu1 uê7, pinyin Cháozhōuhuà) – dialekt należący do grupy języków minnańskich, używany w regionie Chaoshan we wschodniej części prowincji Guangdong w Chinach. Wykazuje bardzo niski poziom podobieństwa do innych dialektów minnańskich, mając z nim wspólnych mniej słów niż język angielski ma z niemieckim. Zachował potrójną opozycję fonologiczną spółgłosek bezdźwięcznych przydechowych, bezdźwięcznych nieprzydechowych i dźwięcznych nieprzydechowych, nieistniejącą w języku mandaryńskim. (pl) Чаошаньский диалект (кит. трад. 潮州話, упр. 潮州话, пиньинь Cháozhōu huà, англ. Teochew) — одно из наречий южноминьского языка (по другой версии — южноминьского диалекта китайского языка), распространенное в (кит. 潮汕, сокращение от названий городов Чаочжоу и Шаньтоу) на востоке провинции Гуандун, а также среди чаошаньской диаспоры в различных регионах мира. С точки зрения грамматики, чаошаньский похож на другие южнокитайские языки-диалекты, особенно на хакка и кантонский. Как и путунхуа, диалект относится к типу SVO, хотя при использовании частиц возможна последовательность SOV. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Teochew dialect (en) Teochew (de) Bahasa Tiochiu (in) Teochew (dialecte) (fr) Dialetto teochew (it) 차오저우어 (ko) 潮州語 (ja) Chaozhouhua (nl) Teochew (pl) Teochew (pt) Чаошаньское наречие (ru) 潮州话 (zh) |
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