Tetracycline antibiotics (original) (raw)
تتراسيكلينات (بالإنجليزية: Tetracyclines) هي مضادات حيوية واسعة الطيف تشمل فعاليتها فعالية البنسلين والستربتومايسين والكلورامفينيكول.
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| dbo:abstract | تتراسيكلينات (بالإنجليزية: Tetracyclines) هي مضادات حيوية واسعة الطيف تشمل فعاليتها فعالية البنسلين والستربتومايسين والكلورامفينيكول. (ar) Tetracykliny, též tetracyklinová antibiotika jsou velkou skupinou širokospektrálních antibiotik. Působí primárně bakteriostaticky především proti intracelulárním gramnegativním bakteriím a též proti mnoha druhům grampozitivních bakterií, i když v současnosti je již problémem velké rozšíření rezistence. Tetracykliny první generace jsou metabolickými produkty , další jsou již semisyntetické látky od nich odvozené. Jejich účinek na bakterie spočívá ve vazbě na ribozomy a inhibici syntézy proteinů v bakteriální buňce. (cs) Tetracycline oder Tetrazykline sind antibiotisch wirksame Substanzen, die als Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von Infektionskrankheiten eingesetzt werden. Es gibt natürlich vorkommende Vertreter, die von Bakterien der Gattung Streptomyces produziert werden, und halbsynthetisch hergestellte Varianten, die durch chemische Veränderunge der biogenen Ausgangsstoffe erzeugt werden. Tetracycline wirken bakteriostatisch durch Hemmung der bakteriellen Proteinbiosynthese an den Ribosomen. Somit wird das Wachstum von grampositiven, gramnegativen und zahlreichen zellwandlosen Bakterien unterdrückt. (de) Les cyclines ou tétracyclines constituent une famille d'antibiotiques dérivés de la tétracycline. Ces molécules ont pour caractéristique de posséder quatre cycles accolés, d'où leur nom. Elles sont capables de pénétrer les cellules eucaryotes. On les utilise donc en particulier pour cibler les bactéries parasites intra-cellulaires (exemple : Chlamydia pneumoniae). Ces molécules sont bactériostatiques ; il y a donc un risque de récidive. (fr) Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds. Tetracycline molecules comprise a linear fused tetracyclic nucleus (rings designated A, B, C and D) to which a variety of functional groups are attached. Tetracyclines are named for their four ("tetra-") hydrocarbon rings ("-cycl-") derivation ("-ine"). They are defined as a subclass of polyketides, having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton and are known as derivatives of polycyclic naphthacene carboxamide.While all tetracyclines have a common structure, they differ from each other by the presence of chloride, methyl, and hydroxyl groups. These modifications do not change their broad antibacterial activity, but do affect pharmacological properties such as half-life and binding to proteins in serum. Tetracyclines were discovered in the 1940s and exhibited activity against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiota, mycoplasmatota, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. Tetracycline itself was discovered later than chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline but is still considered as the parent compound for nomenclature purposes.Tetracyclines are among the cheapest classes of antibiotics available and have been used extensively in prophylaxis and in treatment of human and animal infections, as well as at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed as growth promoters. Tetracyclines are growth inhibitors (bacteriostatic) rather than killers of the infectious agent (bacteriocidal) and are only effective against multiplying microorganisms. They are short-acting and passively diffuse through porin channels in the bacterial membrane. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and preventing the aminoacyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. They also bind to some extent the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and may alter the cytoplasmic membrane causing intracellular components to leak from bacterial cells. Tetracyclines all have the same antibacterial spectrum, although there are differences in species' sensitivity to types of tetracyclines. Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis in both bacterial and human cells. Bacteria have a system that allows tetracyclines to be transported into the cell, whereas human cells do not. Human cells therefore are spared the effects of tetracycline on protein synthesis. Tetracyclines retain an important role in medicine, although their usefulness has been reduced with the onset of antibiotic resistance. Tetracyclines remain the treatment of choice for some specific indications.Because not all of the tetracycline administered orally is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, the bacterial population of the intestine can become resistant to tetracyclines, resulting in overgrowth of resistant organisms. The widespread use of tetracyclines is thought to have contributed to an increase in the number of tetracycline-resistant organisms, in turn rendering certain infections more resilient to treatment.Tetracycline resistance is often due to the acquisition of new genes, which code for energy-dependent efflux of tetracyclines or for a protein that protects bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracyclines. Furthermore, a limited number of bacteria acquire resistance to tetracyclines by mutations. (en) テトラサイクリン系抗生物質（英: Tetracycline antibiotics, Tetracycline class, Tetracyclines、略: TC系, TC類, TCs, TETs）は、一群のの総称である。テトラサイクリンという名称は、四つの(tetra-)炭化水素からなる(cycl-)の誘導体(-ine)という意味である。TC系の抗菌スペクトラムは、全ての抗生物質で最も広い部類に属している。抗菌作用のない化学修飾されたCMTs(Chemically Modified Tetracyclines)の研究も進んでいる。 (ja) Le tetracicline sono un vasto gruppo di farmaci antibatterici inibitori della sintesi proteica. Efficaci contro i batteri Gram-positivi, Gram-negativi aerobi e anaerobi, contro brucelle e diarree causate da Escherichia coli. Inoltre, esse sono attive nei confronti di alcuni microorganismi resistenti agli antibiotici che agiscono sulla parete cellulare batterica, quali le rickettsie, le clamidie, i micoplasmi e i fitoplasmi. (it) Tetracyclines zijn een groep antibiotica gebaseerd op tetracycline. De tetracyclines inhiberen de binding van het aminoacyl-tRNA met mRNA (codon) ter hoogte van het 30S-ribosoom. Ze werken bacteriostatisch. Hun werking is omkeerbaar en afhankelijk van de bereikte concentratie binnen in de bacteriële cel. De belangrijkste tetracyclines zijn tetracycline, , , doxycycline en . De tetracyclines zijn zowel actief tegen gram-positieve als tegen gram-negatieve bacteriën. Ze zijn actief tegen mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia en anaerobe bacteriën maar niet tegen Pseudomonas. Hun activiteit is echter matig. Wegens hun goede zijn het de eerste keuze producten in de behandeling van chlamydia en rickettsia. Voor tetracyclines is er een plasmide dat verantwoordelijk is voor de synthese van een proteïne dat zich in de celmembraan afzet, de efflux van teracycline bevordert en aldus resistentie opwekt. Deze efflux-geassocieerde resistentiesystemen zijn onder andere SMR, RND, MFS, MDR en MRP. (nl) Tetracykliny, antybiotyki tetracyklinowe − grupa antybiotyków o szerokim spektrum działania, pierwotnie otrzymywana ze szczepów promieniowca . Ich mechanizm działania polega na hamowaniu biosyntezy białka (zapobiegają wiązaniu się aminoacylo-tRNA z miejscem A rybosomu, blokując tym samym podjednostki 30S rybosomów bakteryjnych) i zaburzaniu procesów energetycznych w komórkach bakteryjnych. Są podawane drogą doustną, niektóre dożylnie; dobrze penetrują do narządów i tkanek (tkanka płucna, płyn otrzewnowy), mają dobrą penetrację do ośrodkowego układu nerwowego po podaniu drogą doustną, co ma istotne znaczenie w leczeniu zakażeń Borrelia burgdorferi (borelioza). (pl) Тетрациклины (англ. tetracyclines)— группа антибиотиков, относящихся к классу поликетидов, близких по химическому строению и биологическим свойствам. Представители данного семейства характеризуются общим спектром и механизмом антимикробного действия, полной перекрёстной устойчивостью, близкими фармакологическими характеристиками. Различия касаются некоторых физико-химических свойств, степени антибактериального эффекта, особенностей всасывания, распределения, метаболизма в макроорганизме и переносимости. (ru) 四环素类抗生素，一個（Broad-spectrum antibiotic）藥物家族的泛稱，因其氢化并四苯母核而得名。本类药物抗菌谱广，对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、螺旋体、衣原体、立克次氏体、支原体、放线菌和阿米巴原虫都有较强的作用。但近年来，其应用受到耐药的影响。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | تتراسيكلينات (بالإنجليزية: Tetracyclines) هي مضادات حيوية واسعة الطيف تشمل فعاليتها فعالية البنسلين والستربتومايسين والكلورامفينيكول. (ar) Tetracykliny, též tetracyklinová antibiotika jsou velkou skupinou širokospektrálních antibiotik. Působí primárně bakteriostaticky především proti intracelulárním gramnegativním bakteriím a též proti mnoha druhům grampozitivních bakterií, i když v současnosti je již problémem velké rozšíření rezistence. Tetracykliny první generace jsou metabolickými produkty , další jsou již semisyntetické látky od nich odvozené. Jejich účinek na bakterie spočívá ve vazbě na ribozomy a inhibici syntézy proteinů v bakteriální buňce. (cs) Tetracycline oder Tetrazykline sind antibiotisch wirksame Substanzen, die als Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von Infektionskrankheiten eingesetzt werden. Es gibt natürlich vorkommende Vertreter, die von Bakterien der Gattung Streptomyces produziert werden, und halbsynthetisch hergestellte Varianten, die durch chemische Veränderunge der biogenen Ausgangsstoffe erzeugt werden. Tetracycline wirken bakteriostatisch durch Hemmung der bakteriellen Proteinbiosynthese an den Ribosomen. Somit wird das Wachstum von grampositiven, gramnegativen und zahlreichen zellwandlosen Bakterien unterdrückt. (de) Les cyclines ou tétracyclines constituent une famille d'antibiotiques dérivés de la tétracycline. Ces molécules ont pour caractéristique de posséder quatre cycles accolés, d'où leur nom. Elles sont capables de pénétrer les cellules eucaryotes. On les utilise donc en particulier pour cibler les bactéries parasites intra-cellulaires (exemple : Chlamydia pneumoniae). Ces molécules sont bactériostatiques ; il y a donc un risque de récidive. (fr) テトラサイクリン系抗生物質（英: Tetracycline antibiotics, Tetracycline class, Tetracyclines、略: TC系, TC類, TCs, TETs）は、一群のの総称である。テトラサイクリンという名称は、四つの(tetra-)炭化水素からなる(cycl-)の誘導体(-ine)という意味である。TC系の抗菌スペクトラムは、全ての抗生物質で最も広い部類に属している。抗菌作用のない化学修飾されたCMTs(Chemically Modified Tetracyclines)の研究も進んでいる。 (ja) Le tetracicline sono un vasto gruppo di farmaci antibatterici inibitori della sintesi proteica. Efficaci contro i batteri Gram-positivi, Gram-negativi aerobi e anaerobi, contro brucelle e diarree causate da Escherichia coli. Inoltre, esse sono attive nei confronti di alcuni microorganismi resistenti agli antibiotici che agiscono sulla parete cellulare batterica, quali le rickettsie, le clamidie, i micoplasmi e i fitoplasmi. (it) Тетрациклины (англ. tetracyclines)— группа антибиотиков, относящихся к классу поликетидов, близких по химическому строению и биологическим свойствам. Представители данного семейства характеризуются общим спектром и механизмом антимикробного действия, полной перекрёстной устойчивостью, близкими фармакологическими характеристиками. Различия касаются некоторых физико-химических свойств, степени антибактериального эффекта, особенностей всасывания, распределения, метаболизма в макроорганизме и переносимости. (ru) 四环素类抗生素，一個（Broad-spectrum antibiotic）藥物家族的泛稱，因其氢化并四苯母核而得名。本类药物抗菌谱广，对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、螺旋体、衣原体、立克次氏体、支原体、放线菌和阿米巴原虫都有较强的作用。但近年来，其应用受到耐药的影响。 (zh) Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds. Tetracycline molecules comprise a linear fused tetracyclic nucleus (rings designated A, B, C and D) to which a variety of functional groups are attached. Tetracyclines are named for their four ("tetra-") hydrocarbon rings ("-cycl-") derivation ("-ine"). They are defined as a subclass of polyketides, having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton and are known as derivatives of polycyclic naphthacene carboxamide.While all tetracyclines have a common structure, they differ from each other by the presence of chloride, methyl, and hydroxyl groups. Thes (en) Tetracyclines zijn een groep antibiotica gebaseerd op tetracycline. De tetracyclines inhiberen de binding van het aminoacyl-tRNA met mRNA (codon) ter hoogte van het 30S-ribosoom. Ze werken bacteriostatisch. Hun werking is omkeerbaar en afhankelijk van de bereikte concentratie binnen in de bacteriële cel. De belangrijkste tetracyclines zijn tetracycline, , , doxycycline en . (nl) Tetracykliny, antybiotyki tetracyklinowe − grupa antybiotyków o szerokim spektrum działania, pierwotnie otrzymywana ze szczepów promieniowca . Ich mechanizm działania polega na hamowaniu biosyntezy białka (zapobiegają wiązaniu się aminoacylo-tRNA z miejscem A rybosomu, blokując tym samym podjednostki 30S rybosomów bakteryjnych) i zaburzaniu procesów energetycznych w komórkach bakteryjnych. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Tetracycline antibiotics (en) تتراسيكلينات (ar) Tetracykliny (cs) Tetracycline (de) Cyclines (antibiotiques) (fr) Tetracicline (it) テトラサイクリン系抗生物質 (ja) Tetracykliny (pl) Tetracyclines (nl) Тетрациклины (ru) 四环素类抗生素 (zh) |
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