Church architecture (original) (raw)

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تمركزت الحياة الروحية والفكرية في المسيحية حول الكنيسة لذا صمم المعماريون الكنائس والأديرة والمباني الدينية الأخرى، كما صمموا القلاع والحصون والمنشآت الأخرى غير الدينية. والعمارة الكنسية هو مصطلح يشير إلى الهندسة المعمارية للمباني الكنائس المسيحية. وقد تطورت أنواع هذه العمارة على مدى الفي سنة من الدين المسيحي، وذلك عن طريق الابتكار، من خلال التشبه الطرز المعمارية الأخرى، فضلًا عن الاستجابة للمعتقدات والممارسات والتقاليد المحلية. من ولادة المسيحية وحتى الآن، كان للمسيحية اثر في تطور العمارة والهندسة المعمارية من خلال التصماميم المسيحية للكنائس من العمارة البيزنطية، والكنائس والاديرة الرومانية، الكاتدرائيات القوطية وكنائس عصر النهضة. وكانت هذه المباني الكبيرة، مركزًا معماريًا مرموقًا ومن البناي المهيمنة في المدن والريف. وقد طوّرت العمارة المسيحية تقنيّات وفنون وديكورات الهندسة المعمارية.

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dbo:abstract تمركزت الحياة الروحية والفكرية في المسيحية حول الكنيسة لذا صمم المعماريون الكنائس والأديرة والمباني الدينية الأخرى، كما صمموا القلاع والحصون والمنشآت الأخرى غير الدينية. والعمارة الكنسية هو مصطلح يشير إلى الهندسة المعمارية للمباني الكنائس المسيحية. وقد تطورت أنواع هذه العمارة على مدى الفي سنة من الدين المسيحي، وذلك عن طريق الابتكار، من خلال التشبه الطرز المعمارية الأخرى، فضلًا عن الاستجابة للمعتقدات والممارسات والتقاليد المحلية. من ولادة المسيحية وحتى الآن، كان للمسيحية اثر في تطور العمارة والهندسة المعمارية من خلال التصماميم المسيحية للكنائس من العمارة البيزنطية، والكنائس والاديرة الرومانية، الكاتدرائيات القوطية وكنائس عصر النهضة. وكانت هذه المباني الكبيرة، مركزًا معماريًا مرموقًا ومن البناي المهيمنة في المدن والريف. وقد طوّرت العمارة المسيحية تقنيّات وفنون وديكورات الهندسة المعمارية. (ar) Church architecture refers to the architecture of buildings of churches, convents, seminaries etc. It has evolved over the two thousand years of the Christian religion, partly by innovation and partly by borrowing other architectural styles as well as responding to changing beliefs, practices and local traditions. From the birth of Christianity to the present, the most significant objects of transformation for Christian architecture and design were the great churches of Byzantium, the Romanesque abbey churches, Gothic cathedrals and Renaissance basilicas with its emphasis on harmony. These large, often ornate and architecturally prestigious buildings were dominant features of the towns and countryside in which they stood. However, far more numerous were the parish churches in Christendom, the focus of Christian devotion in every town and village. While a few are counted as sublime works of architecture to equal the great cathedrals and churches, the majority developed along simpler lines, showing great regional diversity and often demonstrating local vernacular technology and decoration. Buildings were at first from those originally intended for other purposes but, with the rise of distinctively ecclesiastical architecture, church buildings came to influence secular ones which have often imitated religious architecture. In the 20th century, the use of new materials, such as steel and concrete, has had an effect upon the design of churches. The history of church architecture divides itself into periods, and into countries or regions and by religious affiliation. The matter is complicated by the fact that buildings put up for one purpose may have been re-used for another, that new building techniques may permit changes in style and size, that changes in liturgical practice may result in the alteration of existing buildings and that a building built by one religious group may be used by a successor group with different purposes. (en) El concepto de arquitectura de iglesias hace referencia a la configuración de los edificios dedicados al culto de las distintas corrientes del cristianismo. Desde el punto de vista histórico, es apreciable la evolución experimentada en estos edificios a lo largo de los siglos, en parte por la introducción de innovaciones técnicas y en parte por la influencia de distintas corrientes arquitectónicas, así como respondiendo a creencias, prácticas y tradiciones locales cambiantes. Desde el origen de la cristiandad hasta el presente, algunos de los hitos de transformación más significativos en el diseño y la arquitectura de los templos cristianos fueron las grandes iglesias de Bizancio, las abadías románicas, las catedrales góticas y las basílicas renacentistas, con su énfasis en la armonía. Estos grandes edificios, a menudo demostraciones del poder y de la influencia de la jerarquía eclesiástica, eran elementos dominantes de las ciudades y de los lugares en los que se encontraban. Sin embargo, mucho más numerosas fueron las iglesias parroquiales, el foco de la devoción cristiana en cada pueblo y aldea. Si bien unas pocas se cuentan como obras de arquitectura sublimes comparables a las grandes catedrales, la mayoría se desarrolló siguiendo líneas más simples, mostrando una gran diversidad regional y, a menudo,incorporando tecnología y decoración propias de cada lugar. Al principio, las primeras iglesias fueron edificios originalmente destinados a otros fines, pero, con el surgimiento de una arquitectura eclesiástica distintiva, los edificios de las iglesias llegaron a influir en los edificios seculares, que a menudo han imitado a la arquitectura religiosa. En el siglo XX, el uso de nuevos materiales, como el acero y el hormigón, produjo un notable efecto en el diseño de las iglesias. La historia de la arquitectura de la iglesia se divide en períodos, países o regiones y corrientes religiosas. El asunto se complica por el hecho de que los edificios construidos para un propósito pueden haber sido reutilizados para otro, que las nuevas técnicas de construcción pueden permitir cambios de estilo y tamaño, que los cambios en la práctica litúrgica pueden resultar en la alteración de los edificios existentes y que un edificio construido por un grupo religioso puede ser utilizado por un grupo sucesor con diferentes propósitos. (es) L'architecture ecclésiastique se réfère à l'architecture de bâtiments religieux chrétiens. Elle a évolué en plus de deux mille ans de chrétienté, en partie par innovation et en partie par imitation d'autres styles architecturaux, mais aussi en répondant aux changements de croyances, aux pratiques et aux traditions locales. Les influences à la fois théologiques et pratiques sur l'architecture religieuse se sont inspirées des bâtiments païens ou séculiers ainsi que ceux des autres fois. Les bâtiments ont d'abord été adaptés de ceux originellement prévus pour d'autres programmes, puis, avec la montée d'une architecture ecclésiastique spécifique, les bâtiments chrétiens vinrent à influencer les bâtiments séculiers qui ont souvent emprunté à l'architecture religieuse. Au XXe siècle l'utilisation de nouveaux matériaux comme le béton, ainsi que le goût pour des styles plus dépouillés eurent non seulement un impact sur la conception des églises, mais on peut aussi affirmer que l'architecture religieuse cesse alors d'être un modèle et se laisse influencer par d'autres types de constructions emblématiques. (fr) Arsitektur Gereja adalah seni bangunan gereja. Arsitektur berasal dari bahasa Yunani: αρχή (arke) yang berarti permulaan dan τεχνή (tekne) yang berarti seni pertukangan. Secara harafiah, arsitektur adalah seni pertukangan yang mula atau dasar. Arsitektur dianggap holistik, yaitu menyangkut hal-hal yang dan . Jadi, arsitektur gereja adalah seni pertukangan dari bangunan gedung gereja, sehingga pertimbangan pertama ditinjau dari tujuan dibangunnya gedung itu, yaitu untuk ibadah. Karena gereja adalah perwujudan sejarah dari hidup Kristus, maka nilai-nilai di dalamnya juga harus memiliki kesatuan dengan hati Yesus. Pentingnya sebuah rancangan yang matang agar gereja benar-benar memperhitungkan aspek-aspeknya; teologis, filosofis dan fisiknya. (in) 다음은 교회 건축(敎會建築)에 관한 설명이다. 신앙공동체로서의 그리스도 교회와 건물과의 상관관계를 보면 '교회'와 건물이 동일한 것은 아니지만 '교회'는 기독교 신자들에 대해 처음부터 예배를 보는 장소로서 중요한 곳이었다. 또 '교회'는 종종 지상에 있어서의 하느님의 집으로서 그 자체가 신성시되었으며, 또 죽은 자를 기념하는 장소로서, 일상의 집회와 휴식의 장소로서도 중요한 역할을 하여 왔다. 그러므로 '교회'의 건축은 기독교인들이 가장 주의를 기울이게 되는 것이며 또한 기독교 예술의 핵심을 이루는 것이라 할 수 있다. 대규모 교회건축이 시작되는 것은 기독교가 공인된 이후부터이며, 이 4세기부터 현대에 이르기까지 교회에 대한 신학적 해석의 변천과 건축기술의 발달에 따라서 실로 다양한 건축양식을 만들어냈다. 그 변천 과정을 더듬어보면 우선 초기 기독교 시대의 기본적 양식으로서 납작한 지붕으로 된 장방형 평면의 '바실리카식(basilica式)'과, 돔(dome) 또는 볼트(vault) 천장을 가진 원형과 다각형 평면으로 된 '집중식'을 들 수 있다. 다음으로 '비잔틴식(Byzantine式)'은 돔의 집중식 구조를 장방형 또는 장방형의 평면에 채용한 것으로부터 시작하여 뒤에는 그리스 십자형 평면이 이 양식의 대표적인 것이 되었다. 이에 대하여 '로마네스크식(Romanesque式)'은 11, 12세기의 서부 유럽 지역에서 널리 채태되었던 양식으로서, 지역에 따라 각각 독특한 양식을 만들어내게 되었으며, 그 공통된 특색으로는 바실리카 방식을 채택하면서 중량 있는 석재와 벽돌로 천장을 받치도록 구성된 것이다. 따라서 이 양식은 벽면의 양감(量感)이 현저하고, 대체적으로 건물 외관이 중후한 느낌을 준다. 이것의 뒤를 이은 '고딕식'은 대표적인 건축물을 현재에도 볼 수가 있다. 중세 예술의 정수를 모아놓고 웅장하고 아름다운 이 건축양식은 당시 크게 위력을 떨쳤던 중세 기독교 정신을 반영한 것이며, 또한 새로운 기술개발의 성과이기도 하였다. 특히 종래의 벽체 구조(壁體構造)가 갖는 역학적 결함을 기둥 구조에 의하여 해결한 것이 그 뒤의 기독교 예술에 커다란 변화를 주게 하였다. 근세 이후에도 각 시대를 반영하는 '르네상스식', '바로크식', '로코코식' 등의 건축양식이 발생했으며 금세기에 건축기술의 눈부신 발전과 사회환경의 급격한 변화에 따라서 과거의 '교회' 건축양식으로부터 완전히 탈피한 외관과 평면 구조를 갖는 많은 건축물이 생겨나게 되었다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 "교회건축" 항목을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko)
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dbp:caption 4 (xsd:integer) Top: Arches of the Hagia Sophia sketch; Centre: Saint Peter's Basilica; Bottom: Saint Paul's Cathedral nave (en) The atrium at the Basilica di San Clemente, Rome, with reused ancient Roman columns (en) The interior of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe (en) The "bema" of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Rome (en) Early Christian: House Church at Dura, Syria, domestic rooms around a courtyard were adapted as a meeting place and baptistry. (en) Romanesque: Eschau Church, France: a cruciform plan with apse and aisles, west portal, and side entrance. (en) The Mausoleum of Santa Costanza, Rome, was built by Constantine I as the tomb of his daughter. (en) Byzantine: Chora Church, Istanbul: a domed church with an apsidal chancel, galleries at either side and a narthex. A modified cross-in-square plan. (en) The Dura-Europos house church, built AD, with a chapel area on right (en)
dbp:countries Near East, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, Iran, Indian subcontinent, Indonesia (en)
dbp:date July 2019 (en)
dbp:direction horizontal (en)
dbp:fixAttempted yes (en)
dbp:footer dbr:Makiki_Christian_Church dbr:Ganghwa_Anglican_Cathedral dbr:Phát_Diệm_Cathedral dbr:Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_of_Dali Clockwise from top left: Boljoon church and convent, Lazi convent, Paoay church, Miag-ao church (en)
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dbp:header Comparative plans (en) An early Christian house church and 4th-century basilica (en)
dbp:headerAlign center (en)
dbp:image Miagao Church.jpg (en) Boljoon Church, Cebu.jpg (en) Church dura.jpg (en) Dehio 48 Eschau.jpg (en) DuraEuropos-Church.jpg (en) Ganghwa Anglican Cathedral 03 20170916.jpg (en) HSX Millingen 1912 fig 102.svg (en) Lazi convent sept2019.jpg (en) Makiki Church - panoramio .jpg (en) Phatdiemk-77.jpg (en) Ravenna BW 3.JPG (en) Roma-sanpaoloforilemura01.jpg (en) San Agustin Church of Paoay.jpg (en) San Clemente 0511-06 chiostro.JPG (en) Santa Costanza. Exterior.JPG (en) Trinity Catholic Church in Dalidiocese.JPG (en) Ապարանի Սուրբ Խաչ.jpg (en)
dbp:name Church architecture (en)
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dct:subject dbc:Sacral_architecture dbc:Architectural_styles dbc:Church_architecture
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rdfs:comment تمركزت الحياة الروحية والفكرية في المسيحية حول الكنيسة لذا صمم المعماريون الكنائس والأديرة والمباني الدينية الأخرى، كما صمموا القلاع والحصون والمنشآت الأخرى غير الدينية. والعمارة الكنسية هو مصطلح يشير إلى الهندسة المعمارية للمباني الكنائس المسيحية. وقد تطورت أنواع هذه العمارة على مدى الفي سنة من الدين المسيحي، وذلك عن طريق الابتكار، من خلال التشبه الطرز المعمارية الأخرى، فضلًا عن الاستجابة للمعتقدات والممارسات والتقاليد المحلية. من ولادة المسيحية وحتى الآن، كان للمسيحية اثر في تطور العمارة والهندسة المعمارية من خلال التصماميم المسيحية للكنائس من العمارة البيزنطية، والكنائس والاديرة الرومانية، الكاتدرائيات القوطية وكنائس عصر النهضة. وكانت هذه المباني الكبيرة، مركزًا معماريًا مرموقًا ومن البناي المهيمنة في المدن والريف. وقد طوّرت العمارة المسيحية تقنيّات وفنون وديكورات الهندسة المعمارية. (ar) Church architecture refers to the architecture of buildings of churches, convents, seminaries etc. It has evolved over the two thousand years of the Christian religion, partly by innovation and partly by borrowing other architectural styles as well as responding to changing beliefs, practices and local traditions. From the birth of Christianity to the present, the most significant objects of transformation for Christian architecture and design were the great churches of Byzantium, the Romanesque abbey churches, Gothic cathedrals and Renaissance basilicas with its emphasis on harmony. These large, often ornate and architecturally prestigious buildings were dominant features of the towns and countryside in which they stood. However, far more numerous were the parish churches in Christendom, (en) El concepto de arquitectura de iglesias hace referencia a la configuración de los edificios dedicados al culto de las distintas corrientes del cristianismo. Desde el punto de vista histórico, es apreciable la evolución experimentada en estos edificios a lo largo de los siglos, en parte por la introducción de innovaciones técnicas y en parte por la influencia de distintas corrientes arquitectónicas, así como respondiendo a creencias, prácticas y tradiciones locales cambiantes. Desde el origen de la cristiandad hasta el presente, algunos de los hitos de transformación más significativos en el diseño y la arquitectura de los templos cristianos fueron las grandes iglesias de Bizancio, las abadías románicas, las catedrales góticas y las basílicas renacentistas, con su énfasis en la armonía. Est (es) Arsitektur Gereja adalah seni bangunan gereja. Arsitektur berasal dari bahasa Yunani: αρχή (arke) yang berarti permulaan dan τεχνή (tekne) yang berarti seni pertukangan. Secara harafiah, arsitektur adalah seni pertukangan yang mula atau dasar. Arsitektur dianggap holistik, yaitu menyangkut hal-hal yang dan . Jadi, arsitektur gereja adalah seni pertukangan dari bangunan gedung gereja, sehingga pertimbangan pertama ditinjau dari tujuan dibangunnya gedung itu, yaitu untuk ibadah. Karena gereja adalah perwujudan sejarah dari hidup Kristus, maka nilai-nilai di dalamnya juga harus memiliki kesatuan dengan hati Yesus. (in) L'architecture ecclésiastique se réfère à l'architecture de bâtiments religieux chrétiens. Elle a évolué en plus de deux mille ans de chrétienté, en partie par innovation et en partie par imitation d'autres styles architecturaux, mais aussi en répondant aux changements de croyances, aux pratiques et aux traditions locales. Les influences à la fois théologiques et pratiques sur l'architecture religieuse se sont inspirées des bâtiments païens ou séculiers ainsi que ceux des autres fois. Les bâtiments ont d'abord été adaptés de ceux originellement prévus pour d'autres programmes, puis, avec la montée d'une architecture ecclésiastique spécifique, les bâtiments chrétiens vinrent à influencer les bâtiments séculiers qui ont souvent emprunté à l'architecture religieuse. Au XXe siècle l'utilisatio (fr) 다음은 교회 건축(敎會建築)에 관한 설명이다. 신앙공동체로서의 그리스도 교회와 건물과의 상관관계를 보면 '교회'와 건물이 동일한 것은 아니지만 '교회'는 기독교 신자들에 대해 처음부터 예배를 보는 장소로서 중요한 곳이었다. 또 '교회'는 종종 지상에 있어서의 하느님의 집으로서 그 자체가 신성시되었으며, 또 죽은 자를 기념하는 장소로서, 일상의 집회와 휴식의 장소로서도 중요한 역할을 하여 왔다. 그러므로 '교회'의 건축은 기독교인들이 가장 주의를 기울이게 되는 것이며 또한 기독교 예술의 핵심을 이루는 것이라 할 수 있다. 대규모 교회건축이 시작되는 것은 기독교가 공인된 이후부터이며, 이 4세기부터 현대에 이르기까지 교회에 대한 신학적 해석의 변천과 건축기술의 발달에 따라서 실로 다양한 건축양식을 만들어냈다. 중세 예술의 정수를 모아놓고 웅장하고 아름다운 이 건축양식은 당시 크게 위력을 떨쳤던 중세 기독교 정신을 반영한 것이며, 또한 새로운 기술개발의 성과이기도 하였다. 특히 종래의 벽체 구조(壁體構造)가 갖는 역학적 결함을 기둥 구조에 의하여 해결한 것이 그 뒤의 기독교 예술에 커다란 변화를 주게 하였다. (ko)
rdfs:label Church architecture (en) عمارة الكنائس (ar) Arquitectura de iglesias (es) Arsitektur Gereja (in) Architecture ecclésiastique (fr) 교회 건축 (ko)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Earthquake_Baroque dbr:Articular_church dbr:The_world dbr:Oldest_churches
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is dbp:architect of dbr:St._Rose_Cathedral,_Santa_Rosa_de_Copán
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is dbp:architecture of dbr:Huguenot_Church dbr:Lubiąż_Abbey dbr:Église_Saint-Josse_de_Parnes dbr:Albacete_Cathedral dbr:Alcalá_de_Henares_Cathedral dbr:Alcobaça_Monastery dbr:Chapel_of_San_Fausto dbr:St._Mary's_Catholic_Church_(Kaukauna,_Wisconsin)
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is dbp:buildingType of dbr:Francis_of_Assisi_Church
is dbp:collections of dbr:Musée_Archéologique_de_Dijon
is dbp:functionalStatus of dbr:Church_of_Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux
is dbp:practice of dbr:Philip_Ruh
is dbp:status of dbr:Toluca_Cathedral
is dbp:style of dbr:Basilica_of_The_National_Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Fatima_(Lewiston,_New_York) dbr:Pielisensuu_Church
is dbp:subDiscipline of dbr:Richard_Kieckhefer
is rdfs:seeAlso of dbr:Early_Christian_art_and_architecture dbr:Church_architecture_in_Scotland
is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Church_architecture