Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (original) (raw)
- In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, virus infection, ligands for heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, transforming agents, and carcinogens, activate the ERK pathway. The term, "extracellular signal-regulated kinases", is sometimes used as a synonym for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but has more recently been adopted for a specific subset of the mammalian MAPK family. In the MAPK/ERK pathway, Ras activates c-Raf, followed by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (abbreviated as MKK, MEK, or MAP2K) and then MAPK1/2 (below). Ras is typically activated by growth hormones through receptor tyrosine kinases and GRB2/SOS, but may also receive other signals. ERKs are known to activate many transcription factors, such as ELK1, and some downstream protein kinases. Disruption of the ERK pathway is common in cancers, especially Ras, c-Raf, and receptors such as HER2. (en)
- Von der Familie der Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinases (auch extracellular signal-regulated kinases), kurz ERK, sind bisher acht Isoformen dieses Enzyms bekannt, die mit ERK 1–8 bezeichnet werden. Sie gehören zu den Mitogen-aktivierten Kinasen (MAP-Kinasen) und zählen gemäß ihren modifizierten Gruppen zu den Serin/Threonin-Kinasen. Die intrazelluläre Signaltransduktion über die ERK-Kaskade wird durch verschiedene extrazelluläre Signale aktiviert und reguliert ihrerseits zelluläre Prozesse, wie z. B. die Proliferation und die Zelldifferenzierung. Da es sich hierbei um grundlegende zellbiologische Vorgänge handelt, die unterschiedliche Bereiche des menschlichen Organismus betreffen können, wird der Einfluss dieser Enzyme in verschiedensten Bereichen der medizinischen Forschung untersucht. Die Krebsforschung hat gezeigt, dass ERKs an der onkogenen Transformation von Zellen, das heißt an der Veränderung normaler Zellen zu Krebszellen, beteiligt sind. Durch eine Hemmung der ERK mit spezifischen Wirkstoffen konnte in Tierversuchen an Ratten der Verlauf einer Epilepsie positiv beeinflusst werden, womit eventuell neue Therapieansätze ermöglicht werden. Ebenfalls an Ratten wurde im Bezug auf die Kokainsucht nachgewiesen, dass eine Aktivierung der ERK in bestimmten Bereichen des Gehirns das Verlangen nach der Droge verstärkte, eine Blockade der ERK-Aktivierung hingegen das Verlangen verringerte. (de)
- Pengatur sinyal kinase ekstraseluler atau extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) atau kinase MAP klasik (classical MAP kinases) mengekspresikan molekul pembuat sinyal protein kinase yang terlibat dalam fungsi regulasi meiosis, mitosis, dan postmitotik dalam difrensiasi sel. Berbagai macam stimulus termasuk faktor pertumbuhan, sitokin, infeksi virus, ligan untuk reseptor pasangan protein G heterometrik, agen pengubah, dan zat karsinogen, akan mengaktifkan jalur ERK. Istilah pengatur sinyal kinase ekstraseluler biasanya digunakan sebagai sinonim untuk protein kinase pengaktivasi mitogen atau mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pada jalur MAPK/ERK, ras (famili protein) akan mengaktifkan c-Raf, diikuti dengan kinase protein kinasi pengaktivasi mitogen (disingkat MKK, MEK, atau MAP2K) dan kemudian MAPK1/2. Ras biasanya diaktivasi oleh hormon pertumbuhan melalui reseptor kinase tirosin dan GRB2/SOS. ERK diketahui mengaktivasi banyak faktor transkripsi seperti ELK1 dan beberapa protein kinase. Gangguan pada jalur ERK biasa terjadi pada penderita kanker khususnya Ras, c-Raf, dan reseptor seperti HER2. (in)
- Les protéines ERK1/2 sont des enzymes, des kinases, qui ajoutent des groupements phosphate à d'autres protéines afin de les activer. ERK1/2 font partie de la famille des MAP kinases qui sont des protéines jouant un rôle dans la division, la croissance et la prolifération cellulaires. (fr)
- 細胞外シグナル調節キナーゼまたは細胞外シグナル制御キナーゼ(さいぼうがいシグナルちょうせつ/せいぎょキナーゼ、英: extracellular signal-regulated kinase、略称: ERK)は、細胞内のシグナル伝達分子として機能するプロテインキナーゼであり、減数分裂や有糸分裂の他、分化細胞の分裂終了後の機能にも関与している。古典的MAPK(英: classical MAPK)とも呼ばれる。 では、Rasはc-Rafを活性化し、MEK(MKKまたはMAP2Kと表記されることもある)、その後にERKが活性化される。一般的にRasは成長ホルモンによって、受容体型チロシンキナーゼと/を介して活性化されるが、他のシグナルによって活性化される場合もある。ERKはなど多くの転写因子や、下流のいくつかのプロテインキナーゼを活性化することが知られている。 (ja)
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- http://www.mapkinases.eu
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210415072533/http:/www.mapkinases.eu/
- http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml
- http://macromoleculeinsights.com/erk.php
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110704223802/http:/cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi%3Freport=orth_overview&gene_id=5594
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110722013330/http:/cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi%3Freport=orth_overview&gene_id=5595
- https://web.archive.org/web/20141211173306/http:/www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml
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- Les protéines ERK1/2 sont des enzymes, des kinases, qui ajoutent des groupements phosphate à d'autres protéines afin de les activer. ERK1/2 font partie de la famille des MAP kinases qui sont des protéines jouant un rôle dans la division, la croissance et la prolifération cellulaires. (fr)
- 細胞外シグナル調節キナーゼまたは細胞外シグナル制御キナーゼ(さいぼうがいシグナルちょうせつ/せいぎょキナーゼ、英: extracellular signal-regulated kinase、略称: ERK)は、細胞内のシグナル伝達分子として機能するプロテインキナーゼであり、減数分裂や有糸分裂の他、分化細胞の分裂終了後の機能にも関与している。古典的MAPK(英: classical MAPK)とも呼ばれる。 では、Rasはc-Rafを活性化し、MEK(MKKまたはMAP2Kと表記されることもある)、その後にERKが活性化される。一般的にRasは成長ホルモンによって、受容体型チロシンキナーゼと/を介して活性化されるが、他のシグナルによって活性化される場合もある。ERKはなど多くの転写因子や、下流のいくつかのプロテインキナーゼを活性化することが知られている。 (ja)
- Von der Familie der Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinases (auch extracellular signal-regulated kinases), kurz ERK, sind bisher acht Isoformen dieses Enzyms bekannt, die mit ERK 1–8 bezeichnet werden. Sie gehören zu den Mitogen-aktivierten Kinasen (MAP-Kinasen) und zählen gemäß ihren modifizierten Gruppen zu den Serin/Threonin-Kinasen. (de)
- In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, virus infection, ligands for heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, transforming agents, and carcinogens, activate the ERK pathway. Disruption of the ERK pathway is common in cancers, especially Ras, c-Raf, and receptors such as HER2. (en)
- Pengatur sinyal kinase ekstraseluler atau extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) atau kinase MAP klasik (classical MAP kinases) mengekspresikan molekul pembuat sinyal protein kinase yang terlibat dalam fungsi regulasi meiosis, mitosis, dan postmitotik dalam difrensiasi sel. Berbagai macam stimulus termasuk faktor pertumbuhan, sitokin, infeksi virus, ligan untuk reseptor pasangan protein G heterometrik, agen pengubah, dan zat karsinogen, akan mengaktifkan jalur ERK. (in)
- Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinases (de)
- Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (en)
- Pengatur sinyal kinase ekstraseluler (in)
- Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (fr)
- 細胞外シグナル調節キナーゼ (ja)
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