Japanese asset price bubble (original) (raw)
La burbuja financiera e inmobiliaria en Japón (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, literalmente, "boom de la burbuja") constituyó un proceso de revalorización de activos financieros e inmobiliarios ocurrido en Japón a partir de 1986, y que finalizó en 1991. Se considera una de las mayores burbujas especulativas de la historia económica moderna.[cita requerida]
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| dbo:abstract | La burbuja financiera e inmobiliaria en Japón (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, literalmente, "boom de la burbuja") constituyó un proceso de revalorización de activos financieros e inmobiliarios ocurrido en Japón a partir de 1986, y que finalizó en 1991. Se considera una de las mayores burbujas especulativas de la historia económica moderna.[cita requerida] (es) Japoniako aktiboen burbuila (japonieraz: バブル景気 baburu keiki, euskaraz, "burbuilaren booma") Japonian 1986 eta 1991 artean izandako eta higiezinen errebalorizazioa izan zen. 1992ko hasieran, burbuilak eztanda egin zuen. Aktiboen prezioen azelerazio arinak, , kontrolatu gabeko Diru eskaintzak eta kredituaren hedapenak izugarrizko burbuila ekonomikoa sortu zuten. Zehatzago, gainkonfiantzak eta bultzaturiko aktibo eta akzioen espekulazioak sortu zuten. 1990eko abuzturako, Nikkei burtsa indize erdira amildu zen justu bere bosgarren kitatze egin zuenean. 1991ko amaieran, aktiboen prezioak erortzen hasi ziren. 1992ko hasierarako jada asko erori arren, japoniar ekonomiaren gainbeherak hamarkada batez iraun zuen. Honek produktiboak ez ziren maileguen pilaketa bultzatu zuen, erakunde finantzario askori arazoak sortuz. Burbuilak eztanda egin zuen ondorengo urteei (japonieraz: 失われた二十年 Ushinawareta Nijūnen) deitu zieten. Harrezkero prezioak igo egin dira baina %0,1 bakarrik, estatistikan nabarmena izateko 26 urte behar zituen prozesu batean. (eu) The Japanese asset price bubble (バブル景気, baburu keiki, "bubble economy") was an economic bubble in Japan from 1986 to 1991 in which real estate and stock market prices were greatly inflated. In early 1992, this price bubble burst and Japan's economy stagnated. The bubble was characterized by rapid acceleration of asset prices and overheated economic activity, as well as an uncontrolled money supply and credit expansion. More specifically, over-confidence and speculation regarding asset and stock prices were closely associated with excessive monetary easing policy at the time. Through the creation of economic policies that cultivated the marketability of assets, eased the access to credit, and encouraged speculation, the Japanese government started a prolonged and exacerbated Japanese asset price bubble. By August 1990, the Nikkei stock index had plummeted to half its peak by the time of the fifth monetary tightening by the Bank of Japan (BOJ). By late 1991, other asset prices began to fall. Even though asset prices had visibly collapsed by early 1992, the economy's decline continued for more than a decade. This decline resulted in a huge accumulation of non-performing assets loans (NPL), causing difficulties for many financial institutions. The bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble contributed to what many call the Lost Decade. Japan's average nationwide land prices finally began to increase year-over-year in 2018, with a 0.1% rise over 2017 price levels. (en) Penggelembungan harga aset di Jepang (バブル景気 bubble keiki, arti harfiah: bubble economy, ekonomi gelembung) adalah gelembung ekonomi di Jepang dari tahun 1986 hingga 1990 ketika harga saham dan realestat menjadi kelewat mahal. Jatuhnya gelembung ekonomi di Jepang berlangsung lebih dari satu dekade. Harga saham menurun hingga titik dasar pada tahun 2003, dan bahkan turun lebih rendah lagi akibat krisis finansial global 2007-2010. Penggelembungan harga aset pecah secara bertahap antara tahun 1991 dan 2001 yang disebut Dekade yang Hilang di Jepang. Perjanjian Plaza 22 September 1985 mengawali terjadinya ekonomi gelembung. Menteri-menteri keuangan dan gubernur bank sentral Prancis, Jerman Barat, Jepang, Amerika Serikat, dan Britania Raya sepakat untuk melakukan depresiasi dolar AS terhadap yen Jepang dan Deutsche Mark Jerman melalui intervensi di bursa valuta asing. Sebagai akibat Perjanjian Plaza, nilai yen menguat dengan cepat. Sebelum Perjanjian Plaza, yen diperdagangkan di bursa valas Tokyo pada 242 yen per dolar AS. Pada akhir 1985, yen telah menjadi begitu kuat hingga melewati 200 yen per dolar AS. Nilai yen menguat hingga 128 yen per dolar AS pada awal tahun 1988. Hingga Februari 1987, resmi diturunkan sebanyak 5 kali sebagai kebijakan mengatasi tingginya nilai yen, serta untuk membantu industri manufaktur dan industri ekspor dalam negeri Jepang yang telah mengalami penurunan daya saing akibat tingginya nilai yen. Pada waktu itu, tingkat diskonto resmi diturunkan hingga 2,5% yang sekaligus merupakan tingkat terendah sejak berakhirnya Perang Dunia II. Akibat menguatnya nilai yen secara drastis, di pasar uang terjadi kerugian besar dalam aset denominasi dolar AS seperti obligasi pemerintah Amerika Serikat. Kerugian tersebut mendorong kembalinya dana-dana ke dalam negeri yang tidak memiliki risiko valuta asing. Sebagai akibatnya, harga saham di bursa saham dan harga tanah di pasar realestat meningkat. Indeks Nikkei mencatat rekor tertinggi pada 29 Desember 1989, ketika mencapai intraday tertinggi 38.957,44 poin sebelum ditutup pada 38.915,87 poin. Kenaikan nilai aset dan laba di atas kertas yang disebabkannya membuat individu dan perusahaan makin memperbesar investasi. Tingginya nilai jaminan dan nilai aset membuat bank-bank makin memperbesar pinjaman hingga terjadi ekonomi gelembung. (in) La bulle spéculative japonaise (バブル景気, baburu keiki, littéralement « bulle économique ») est une bulle économique survenue au Japon de 1986 à 1990 qui a concerné principalement les actifs financiers mais aussi l'immobilier. La bulle a été provoquée par un rapatriement rapide de capitaux japonais en provenance des États-Unis, à la suite d'une dépréciation brutale du dollar américain liée aux accords du Plaza mettant un terme au « miracle économique japonais ». L'explosion de cette bulle a duré plus d'une décennie avec un des plus bas indices boursiers en 2003 et une baisse des prix du foncier jusqu'en 2005. L'explosion de la bulle d'actifs japonaise a abouti à la décennie perdue (ère Heisei) caractérisée par une période de stagnation économique et de déflation. Le gonflement de la bulle d'actifs en 1985 est particulièrement marqué avec ensuite une tendance longue baissière qui se poursuit jusqu'au début des années 2010. (fr) 일본의 거품 경제(バブル景気)는 1986년부터 1991년 사이에 있었던 일본의 거품 경제 시기이다. 이 당시 부동산과 주식 등 실물경제의 가격이 매우 높이 증가하였다. 그러나, 거품 경제가 종결된 후, 일본은 극심한 장기침체인 잃어버린 10년이 도래하게 되었다. 거품 경제의 여파로 2003년에 주식 가격이 폭락하였으며, 이는 곧 2007년 금융 위기라는 불경기로까지 이어지게 된다. (ko) バブル景気（バブルけいき、英: bubble boom）は、あくまで日本だけにおける好景気の通称で景気動向指数（CI）上は、1986年（昭和61年）12月から1991年（平成3年）2月までの51か月間に、日本で起こった資産価格の上昇と好景気、およびそれに付随して起こった社会現象とされる。情勢自体はバブル経済と同一であり、バブル経済期（バブルけいざいき）または、バブル期（バブルき）や単にバブル、平成景気（第一次平成景気）（へいせいけいき）、昭和・平成バブル（しょうわ・へいせいバブル）とも呼ばれる。日本国政府の公式見解では数値上、第11循環（内閣府の景気基準日付）という通称で指標を示している。 ただし、多くの人が好景気の雰囲気を感じ始めたのは1987年10月19日のブラックマンデーを過ぎた翌1988年頃からであり、政府見解では、日経平均株価が38,957円の史上最高値を記録した1989年12月29日をはさみ、バブル崩壊後の1992年2月頃まで、この好景気の雰囲気は維持されていたと考えられている。 (ja) La bolla speculativa giapponese (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, letteralmente "bolla economica") fu una bolla speculativa formatasi a partire dal 1986 e scoppiata nel 1991, riguardante il mercato azionario e il settore immobiliare giapponese. La formazione della bolla fu possibile a causa di vari fattori: per primo la liberalizzazione delle norme finanziarie sommata al rapido aumento dei prezzi dei beni immobiliari, alla relativa capacità produttiva del Giappone di riuscire a stare al passo con la domanda di beni e servizi (domanda aggregata) e al conseguente aumento di liquidità delle imprese. Ciò permise a queste ultime di investire in attività speculative nel mercato azionario e nel settore degli immobili. Inoltre alcune incomprensioni tra il Ministero delle Finanze e la Banca del Giappone sulle decisioni da prendere in seguito al deprezzamento del dollaro (accordi del Plaza e del Louvre) favorirono lo sviluppo della bolla. Una volta che questa scoppiò, il Giappone andò incontro a un lungo periodo di deflazione noto come "decennio perduto", che segnò la fine del boom economico del secondo dopoguerra. (it) A bolha financeira e imobiliária do Japão (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, lit. "bolha econômica") foi uma bolha econômica no Japão, de 1986 a 1991, em que os preços das ações do setor imobiliário ficaram muito inflacionados. O colapso da bolha durou mais de uma década com o assentamento dos preços das ações em 2003. A bolha de preços de ativos japoneses contribuiu para que os japoneses se referissem a esse período como "a década perdida". (pt) Японский финансовый пузырь (яп. バブル景気 бабуру кэйки, досл. «экономика пузыря») — экономический пузырь в Японии с 1986 по 1991 год, характеризовавшийся многократным ростом цен на рынке недвижимости и фондовом рынке. Сдувание пузыря продолжалось более десяти лет, фондовый рынок достиг дна в 2003 году, но впоследствии опустился до нового минимума в 2009 году в результате мирового финансового кризиса. Следствием сдувания пузыря стал продолжительный период экономической стагнации, называемый «потерянным десятилетием». (ru) Японська фінансова бульбашка (яп. バ ブ ル 景 気 Бабуру Кейко, досл. «Економіка бульбашки») — економічна бульбашка в Японії з 1986 по 1991 рік, що характеризувалася багаторазовим зростанням цін на ринку нерухомості та фондовому ринку. «Здування бульбашки» тривало більше десяти років, фондовий ринок досяг дна в 2003 році, але згодом опустився до нового мінімуму в 2009 році в результаті світової фінансової кризи. Наслідком здування бульбашки став тривалий період економічної стагнації, званий «втраченим десятиліттям». (uk) 日本泡沫经济，在日本称为泡沫景气（日语：バブル景気），是日本在1986年至1991年间出现的一种经济现象。根据不同的经济指标，这段时期的长度有所不同，但是一般指1986年12月到1991年3月之间共4年3个月的时期。这是日本战后仅次于1960年代后期的经济高速发展的第二次大发展时期。 这次经济浪潮受到了大量投机活动的支撑，因此随着1990年代初泡沫爆破，日本经济出现大倒退，此后进入了平成大萧条时期。 日文中“平成景气”基本与泡沫经济同义，但有时也包括之后的经济萧条阶段。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | La burbuja financiera e inmobiliaria en Japón (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, literalmente, "boom de la burbuja") constituyó un proceso de revalorización de activos financieros e inmobiliarios ocurrido en Japón a partir de 1986, y que finalizó en 1991. Se considera una de las mayores burbujas especulativas de la historia económica moderna.[cita requerida] (es) 일본의 거품 경제(バブル景気)는 1986년부터 1991년 사이에 있었던 일본의 거품 경제 시기이다. 이 당시 부동산과 주식 등 실물경제의 가격이 매우 높이 증가하였다. 그러나, 거품 경제가 종결된 후, 일본은 극심한 장기침체인 잃어버린 10년이 도래하게 되었다. 거품 경제의 여파로 2003년에 주식 가격이 폭락하였으며, 이는 곧 2007년 금융 위기라는 불경기로까지 이어지게 된다. (ko) バブル景気（バブルけいき、英: bubble boom）は、あくまで日本だけにおける好景気の通称で景気動向指数（CI）上は、1986年（昭和61年）12月から1991年（平成3年）2月までの51か月間に、日本で起こった資産価格の上昇と好景気、およびそれに付随して起こった社会現象とされる。情勢自体はバブル経済と同一であり、バブル経済期（バブルけいざいき）または、バブル期（バブルき）や単にバブル、平成景気（第一次平成景気）（へいせいけいき）、昭和・平成バブル（しょうわ・へいせいバブル）とも呼ばれる。日本国政府の公式見解では数値上、第11循環（内閣府の景気基準日付）という通称で指標を示している。 ただし、多くの人が好景気の雰囲気を感じ始めたのは1987年10月19日のブラックマンデーを過ぎた翌1988年頃からであり、政府見解では、日経平均株価が38,957円の史上最高値を記録した1989年12月29日をはさみ、バブル崩壊後の1992年2月頃まで、この好景気の雰囲気は維持されていたと考えられている。 (ja) A bolha financeira e imobiliária do Japão (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, lit. "bolha econômica") foi uma bolha econômica no Japão, de 1986 a 1991, em que os preços das ações do setor imobiliário ficaram muito inflacionados. O colapso da bolha durou mais de uma década com o assentamento dos preços das ações em 2003. A bolha de preços de ativos japoneses contribuiu para que os japoneses se referissem a esse período como "a década perdida". (pt) Японский финансовый пузырь (яп. バブル景気 бабуру кэйки, досл. «экономика пузыря») — экономический пузырь в Японии с 1986 по 1991 год, характеризовавшийся многократным ростом цен на рынке недвижимости и фондовом рынке. Сдувание пузыря продолжалось более десяти лет, фондовый рынок достиг дна в 2003 году, но впоследствии опустился до нового минимума в 2009 году в результате мирового финансового кризиса. Следствием сдувания пузыря стал продолжительный период экономической стагнации, называемый «потерянным десятилетием». (ru) Японська фінансова бульбашка (яп. バ ブ ル 景 気 Бабуру Кейко, досл. «Економіка бульбашки») — економічна бульбашка в Японії з 1986 по 1991 рік, що характеризувалася багаторазовим зростанням цін на ринку нерухомості та фондовому ринку. «Здування бульбашки» тривало більше десяти років, фондовий ринок досяг дна в 2003 році, але згодом опустився до нового мінімуму в 2009 році в результаті світової фінансової кризи. Наслідком здування бульбашки став тривалий період економічної стагнації, званий «втраченим десятиліттям». (uk) 日本泡沫经济，在日本称为泡沫景气（日语：バブル景気），是日本在1986年至1991年间出现的一种经济现象。根据不同的经济指标，这段时期的长度有所不同，但是一般指1986年12月到1991年3月之间共4年3个月的时期。这是日本战后仅次于1960年代后期的经济高速发展的第二次大发展时期。 这次经济浪潮受到了大量投机活动的支撑，因此随着1990年代初泡沫爆破，日本经济出现大倒退，此后进入了平成大萧条时期。 日文中“平成景气”基本与泡沫经济同义，但有时也包括之后的经济萧条阶段。 (zh) The Japanese asset price bubble (バブル景気, baburu keiki, "bubble economy") was an economic bubble in Japan from 1986 to 1991 in which real estate and stock market prices were greatly inflated. In early 1992, this price bubble burst and Japan's economy stagnated. The bubble was characterized by rapid acceleration of asset prices and overheated economic activity, as well as an uncontrolled money supply and credit expansion. More specifically, over-confidence and speculation regarding asset and stock prices were closely associated with excessive monetary easing policy at the time. Through the creation of economic policies that cultivated the marketability of assets, eased the access to credit, and encouraged speculation, the Japanese government started a prolonged and exacerbated Japanese asset (en) Japoniako aktiboen burbuila (japonieraz: バブル景気 baburu keiki, euskaraz, "burbuilaren booma") Japonian 1986 eta 1991 artean izandako eta higiezinen errebalorizazioa izan zen. 1992ko hasieran, burbuilak eztanda egin zuen. Aktiboen prezioen azelerazio arinak, , kontrolatu gabeko Diru eskaintzak eta kredituaren hedapenak izugarrizko burbuila ekonomikoa sortu zuten. Zehatzago, gainkonfiantzak eta bultzaturiko aktibo eta akzioen espekulazioak sortu zuten. (eu) La bulle spéculative japonaise (バブル景気, baburu keiki, littéralement « bulle économique ») est une bulle économique survenue au Japon de 1986 à 1990 qui a concerné principalement les actifs financiers mais aussi l'immobilier. La bulle a été provoquée par un rapatriement rapide de capitaux japonais en provenance des États-Unis, à la suite d'une dépréciation brutale du dollar américain liée aux accords du Plaza mettant un terme au « miracle économique japonais ». L'explosion de cette bulle a duré plus d'une décennie avec un des plus bas indices boursiers en 2003 et une baisse des prix du foncier jusqu'en 2005. L'explosion de la bulle d'actifs japonaise a abouti à la décennie perdue (ère Heisei) caractérisée par une période de stagnation économique et de déflation. (fr) Penggelembungan harga aset di Jepang (バブル景気 bubble keiki, arti harfiah: bubble economy, ekonomi gelembung) adalah gelembung ekonomi di Jepang dari tahun 1986 hingga 1990 ketika harga saham dan realestat menjadi kelewat mahal. Jatuhnya gelembung ekonomi di Jepang berlangsung lebih dari satu dekade. Harga saham menurun hingga titik dasar pada tahun 2003, dan bahkan turun lebih rendah lagi akibat krisis finansial global 2007-2010. Penggelembungan harga aset pecah secara bertahap antara tahun 1991 dan 2001 yang disebut Dekade yang Hilang di Jepang. (in) La bolla speculativa giapponese (バブル景気 baburu keiki?, letteralmente "bolla economica") fu una bolla speculativa formatasi a partire dal 1986 e scoppiata nel 1991, riguardante il mercato azionario e il settore immobiliare giapponese. La formazione della bolla fu possibile a causa di vari fattori: per primo la liberalizzazione delle norme finanziarie sommata al rapido aumento dei prezzi dei beni immobiliari, alla relativa capacità produttiva del Giappone di riuscire a stare al passo con la domanda di beni e servizi (domanda aggregata) e al conseguente aumento di liquidità delle imprese. Ciò permise a queste ultime di investire in attività speculative nel mercato azionario e nel settore degli immobili. Inoltre alcune incomprensioni tra il Ministero delle Finanze e la Banca del Giappone sulle (it) |
| rdfs:label | Burbuja financiera e inmobiliaria en Japón (es) Japoniako aktiboen burbuila (eu) Penggelembungan harga aset di Jepang (in) Bulle spéculative japonaise (fr) Japanese asset price bubble (en) Bolla speculativa giapponese (it) 일본의 거품 경제 (ko) バブル景気 (ja) Bolha financeira e imobiliária do Japão (pt) Японский финансовый пузырь (ru) 日本泡沫经济 (zh) Японська фінансова бульбашка (uk) |
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