Krishnadevaraya (original) (raw)
Sri Krishna Deva Raya (Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ, bahasa Telugu: శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయ) (1509-1529 ) adalah raja Kekaisaran Wijayanagara yang paling tertkenal. Ia dianggap sebagai pahlawan oleh orang Kannadiga dan Telugu, dan salah satu raja besar India. Ia juga memperoleh gelar Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ), Mooru Rayara Ganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ) dan Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ).
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dbo:abstract | Krišnadéva Ráj (též Krishnadevaraya, Kršnadévarádža a pod.; 1471–1529) byl císař Vidžajanagarské říše, který vládl v letech 1509–1529 jako třetí vládce dynastie . Svou říši dostal na vrchol moci a rozlohy tím, že porazil řadu sousedních států a po úpadku Dillíského sultanátu řídil největší říši v Indii a byl jedním z nejmocnějších hinduistických vládců. Mnoho Indů ho dnes považuje za jednoho z největších panovníků svých dějin. Portugalští cestovatelé a navštívili zemi v době jeho vlády. Jejich cestopisy naznačují, že vladař nebyl jen zdatným správcem, ale také vynikajícím generálem, který osobně řídil armádu z první linie a dokonce se staral o zraněné. Dokázal prý také rychle změnit bojové plány a z prohrané bitvy udělat vítězství. (cs) كان Śrī Kṛṣṇa Deva Rāya والمعروف أيضًا باسم كريشنا ديفا رايا إمبراطورًا حكم إمبراطورية فيجاياناغارا من عام 1509 وحتى 1529 قبل الميلاد. وكان الحاكم الثالث ضمن أسرة تولوفا. تولى عرش الإمبراطورية في ذروة مجدها، ويعتبره الكثيرون في الهند رمزًا عظيمًا. وحاز الإمبراطور ديفا رايا ألقابًا عِدة مثل: أندهرا بهوجا (ఆంధ్రభోజ) ومورو رايارا غاندا (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ: ويعني ملك الملوك الثلاثة) كما سُمى بـكانادا راجيا راما رامانا(ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ). وزار إمبراطورية فيجاياناغارا في عهده الرحالان البرتغاليان دومينجو بايس وفيرناو نونيز. واستفاد كريشنا ديفا رايا من وجودرئيس الوزراء الكفء تمياروسو والذي اعتبره كريشنا بمثابة أب له وكان تيماروسو المسئول عن تتويجه. وكان كريشنا ديفا رايا ابن تولوفا ناراسا نياكا، والذي كان قائدًا في الجيش تحت إمرة سالوفا ناراشيما ديفا رايا الذي تولى حكم الإمبراطورية ليدرأ عنها التفكك وأصبح بذلك مؤسس أسرة تولوفا وهي الأسرة الحاكمة الهندوسية الثالثة التي حكمت إمبراطورية فيجاياناغارا. وكان يوم تتويجه إمبراطورًا في يوم ميلاد إله الهندوس كريشنا. وبنى كريشنا ديفا رايا ضاحية جميلة بالقرب من فيجاياناغارا وأسماها «ناجالابورا». وكان الملك متوسط الطول، طلق المحيا، وكان جليلاً عند الزائرين الأجانب، صارمًا في تطبيق القانون، بيد أنه كانت تنتابه ثورات غضب. وكان يتمتع بلياقة جسدية عالية نظرًا لممارسته التمارين الرياضية يوميًا. وتشير كتابات الرحالة إلى أن الملك لم يكن يدير بلاده بكفاءة فحسب، بل كان أيضًا قائدًا حربيًا عظيمًا يقود جيوشه في المعارك من الخطوط الأمامية بل وكان يعود الجرحى منهم. (ar) Sri Krishna Deva Raya (en tulu: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ , en canarés: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ y en télugu: కృష్ణదేవరాయ ) o, simplemente, Krishna Deva Raya, fue el Emperador más importante del Imperio Vijayanagara. Extendió el Imperio más allá de sus límites históricos y ha sido considerado el gobernante modelo para muchos hindúes a lo largo de la Historia.Krishna Deva Raya ganó los títulos kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (traducido, "Señor del imperio kannada"), Andhra Bhoja y Mooru Rayara Ganda (traducido, "Rey de Reyes").La mayor parte de la información que tenemos de su reinado está recogida en estelas y en la portuguesa Chronica dos Reis de Bisnaga. Fue educado y aconsejado por el ministro , un hombre capaz y experimentado que le salvó la vida de pequeño y le ayudó a llegar al poder. Krishna Deva era hijo de la reina Nagala Devi y del antiguo general y rey , fundador de la dinastía Tuluva. El primer registro que tenemos de él como Rey data del 26 de julio de 1509. (es) Krishnadevaraya (17 January 1471 – 17 October 1529) was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Empire, reigning from 1509 to 1529. He was the third monarch of the Tuluva dynasty, and is considered to be one of the greatest rulers in Indian history. He ruled the largest empire in India after the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Presiding over the empire at its zenith, he is regarded as an icon by many Indians. Krishnadevaraya earned the titles Karnatakaratna Simhasanadeeshwara (lit. "Lord of the Jewelled Throne of Karnataka"), Yavana Rajya Pratistapanacharya (lit. "Establishment of the King to Bahmani Throne"), Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (lit. "Lord of the Kannada Empire), Andhra Bhoja (lit. "Scholar of Andhra"), Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka (lit. "Protector of Brahmins and Cows") and Mooru Rayara Ganda (lit. "Lord of Three Kings"). He became the dominant ruler of the peninsula by defeating the sultans of Bijapur, Golconda, the Bahmani Sultanate and the Gajapatis of Odisha, and was one of the most powerful Hindu rulers in India. Krishna Deva Raya's rule was characterised by expansion and consolidation. This was the time when the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna river (the Raichur doab) was acquired (1512), ruler of Odisha were subdued (1514) and severe defeats were inficted on the Sultan of Bijapur (1520) When the Mughal Emperor Babur was taking stock of the potentates of north India, he rated Krishnadevaraya the most powerful, with the most extensive empire in the subcontinent. He earned the titles of 'Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana', 'Andhra Bhoja' and 'Mooru Rayara Ganda'. The Portuguese travellers Domingo Paes and Duarte Barbosa visited the Vijayanagara Empire during his reign, and their travelogues indicate that the king was not only an able administrator but also an excellent general, leading from the front in battle and even attending to the wounded. On many occasions, the king changed battle plans abruptly, turning a losing battle into victory. The poet Mukku Timmanna praised him as the 'Destroyer of the Turks.' Krishnadevaraya benefited from the counsel of his prime minister Timmarusu, whom he regarded as the father figure responsible for his coronation. Krishnadevaraya was also advised by the witty Tenali Ramakrishna, who was employed in his court. (en) Sri Krishna Deva Raya (Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ, bahasa Telugu: శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయ) (1509-1529 ) adalah raja Kekaisaran Wijayanagara yang paling tertkenal. Ia dianggap sebagai pahlawan oleh orang Kannadiga dan Telugu, dan salah satu raja besar India. Ia juga memperoleh gelar Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ), Mooru Rayara Ganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ) dan Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ). (in) Krishnadevarâya Tuluva était un roi hindou de la (en) (1505 – 1565). Il dirige pendant vingt ans (1509 – 1529) le royaume de Vijayanâgara qui connait sous son règne sa plus grande extension et un épanouissement économique et culturel exceptionnel. Krishna Deva Râya — parfois appelé Krishnarâo — le frère de (en), monte sur le trône le 8 août 1509. On le considère comme le plus grand roi Vijayanâgara. En 1512, il s'empare de la forteresse de Raichûr au Bîjâpur. Le râja de l'Orissa Prataparudra (1497 – 1540) entre en conflit avec le Vijayanâgara en attaquant Kânchî. À la suite d'une guerre de cinq années, Krishnadevarâya regagne les terres prises par l'Orissa, mais rend tous les territoires qu'il avait conquis au nord du fleuve Krishna lors de la paix de 1518 et de son mariage avec une princesse orissaise. Durant ce conflit, le Bijâpur récupère sa forteresse de Raichûr, mais Krishnadevarâya la reprend en 1520. Il contrôle alors les vallées de la Krishnâ et de la Godavari. Krishnadevarâya est connu pour le soin qu'il exige envers les blessés après les batailles, pour ses réductions de taxes et pour les défrichements qu'il fait effectuer pour augmenter la superficie des terres cultivables. Il autorise les Portugais à commercer avec son royaume, obtenant ainsi un approvisionnement en chevaux. Il protège les érudits et crée les conditions d'un épanouissement de la littérature télougoue. On lui doit la rédaction de l' (en), un manuel à l'usage des princes, composé en télougou. Les conquêtes de Krishna Deva Raya s’accompagnent d’un développement de l’administration. L’empereur détient un pouvoir absolu. Il est conseillé par le purohita et assisté d’un Premier ministre entouré de hauts fonctionnaires aux charges héréditaires. Les provinces sont gouvernées par des nayaks, généralement issus de la famille impériale. Chaque province est divisée en unités administratives gouvernées par des rajahs qui règnent selon les traditions locales. Ils sont cependant soumis à des contraintes strictes : ils ne peuvent pas construire de forteresses sans l’autorisation de l’empereur, sont tenus d’assister aux fêtes somptueuses que donne l’empereur, et deux cents parmi eux résident en permanence à la capitale où ils constituent la cour. Tout manquement à l’ordre public est puni par des châtiments implacables : mutilations, empalements, pendaison par crochet sous la mâchoire. (fr) クリシュナ・デーヴァ・ラーヤ(カンナダ語:ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ದೇವರಾಯ, テルグ語:శ్రీ కృష్ణదేవ రాయలు, タミル語:கிருஷ்ணதேவராயன், 英語:Krishna Deva Raya, 1471年 - 1529年)は、南インドのヴィジャヤナガル王国、 の君主(在位:1509年 - 1529年)。クリシュナ・デーヴァラーヤ、クリシュナデーヴァラーヤとも表記される。 クリシュナ・デーヴァ・ラーヤはヴィジャヤナガル王国の最も偉大な君主とされ、その治世に王国はガジャパティ朝、ゴールコンダ王国、ビジャープル王国に輝かしい勝利をおさめたのみならず、経済的・文化的にも発展し、ヴィジャヤナガルに滞在していたフェルナン・ヌーネスやドミンゴス・パイスといったヨーロッパの旅行者から国民の幸せを願う君主という最大級の賛辞を送られるほどであった。彼は文化の保護者であったが、彼自身もまた文人であり、多くの文学作品を残している。 クリシュナ・デーヴァ・ラーヤは「カンナダ・ラージヤ・ラーマ・ラーマナ」(Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana, カンナダ帝国の主)、「アーンドラ・ボージャ」(Andhra Bhoja, アーンドラの)、「ムール・ラーヤラ・ガンダ」(Mooru Rayara Ganda, 三王の王)、といった称号を保持していた。一方、パイスの記録では、その称号は「王の中の王(ラージャーディラージャ)、インディア最大の領主の中の領主、三つの海と一つの大陸の領主」であった。 (ja) Krishna Deva Raya o Sri Krishnadevaraya (kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ, telugu: శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయ; Hampi, 17 gennaio 1471 – Hampi, 17 ottobre 1529) fu il più famoso re dell’Impero Vijayanagara. Sotto il suo regno l'impero raggiunse il punto di massimo splendore. È considerato un eroe per le popolazioni Kannada e Telugu e uno dei più grandi re di tutta la storia dell'India. L'imperatore Krishna Deva Raya guadagnò i titoli di Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ), Moorurayaraganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ) (significa re dei tre re) e Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ). Molto delle informazioni riguardanti questo imperatore e del suo regno sono pervenute dai viaggiatori portoghesi Domingos Paes e Nuniz. Fu assistito nell'amministrazione dall'abile primo ministro Timmarusu. Timmarusu fu responsabile dell'incoronazione di Krishna Deva Raya, il quale lo considerò come una figura paterna. In realtà era figlio di Nagala Devi e Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, comandante dell'esercito sotto il regno di Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, che successivamente assunse il controllo dell'impero al fine di impedirne la disintegrazione. Il suo regno fu un capitolo glorioso nella storia di Vijayanagara e i suoi eserciti riportarono innumerevoli vittorie. L'abilità di Krishna Deva Raya in battaglia gli consentì di volgere a suo favore anche situazioni drammatiche e sfavorevoli. Il primo decennio del suo governo fu caratterizzato da lunghi assedi, sanguinose conquiste verso i principali nemici, quali i Gajapati di Orissa, il sultanato di Bahmani, che pur frantumandosi in cinque piccoli regni furono una minaccia costante, i portoghesi come potenza marittima, sia militare che commerciale. A questi si aggiunsero alcuni feudatari di Ummatur, Reddy di Kondavidu e Velama di Bhuvanagiri che si ribellarono all'autorità di Vijayanagara. (it) Кришнадеварая Тулува (17 января 1471 — 1529, Хампи) — правитель (носил титул «махараджахираджа» — царь царей) Виджаянагарской империи с 1509 года, писатель, покровитель искусств и литературы. (ru) Krisznadewaraja lub Krisznadewa Raja, sa: कृष्णदेवरायः, IAST Kṛṣṇa Deva Rāya – władca (cesarz) Widźajanagaru, zasiadał na tronie w latach 1509-1529. Trzeci władca dynastii Tuluwa, potomek króla Asiata. (pl) Крішнадеварая Тулува (*ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ದೇವರಾಯ, 17 січня 1471 —1529) — (цар царів) Віджаянагарської імперії у 1509—1529 роках, письменник, покровитель мистецтва та літератури. (uk) |
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dbo:title | Abhinava-Bhoja (en) Andhra Bhoja (en) Dakshinasamudradhiswara (en) Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka (en) Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (en) Maharaja-dhirāja (en) Mooru Rayara Ganda (en) |
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dbp:caption | Kannada inscription describing the coronation of Krishnadevaraya (en) |
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dbp:title | dbr:Vijayanagara_empire Abhinava-Bhoja (en) Andhra Bhoja (en) Dakshinasamudradhiswara (en) Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka (en) Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (en) Maharaja-dhirāja (en) Mooru Rayara Ganda (en) |
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rdfs:comment | Sri Krishna Deva Raya (Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ, bahasa Telugu: శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయ) (1509-1529 ) adalah raja Kekaisaran Wijayanagara yang paling tertkenal. Ia dianggap sebagai pahlawan oleh orang Kannadiga dan Telugu, dan salah satu raja besar India. Ia juga memperoleh gelar Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ), Mooru Rayara Ganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ) dan Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ). (in) Кришнадеварая Тулува (17 января 1471 — 1529, Хампи) — правитель (носил титул «махараджахираджа» — царь царей) Виджаянагарской империи с 1509 года, писатель, покровитель искусств и литературы. (ru) Krisznadewaraja lub Krisznadewa Raja, sa: कृष्णदेवरायः, IAST Kṛṣṇa Deva Rāya – władca (cesarz) Widźajanagaru, zasiadał na tronie w latach 1509-1529. Trzeci władca dynastii Tuluwa, potomek króla Asiata. (pl) Крішнадеварая Тулува (*ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ದೇವರಾಯ, 17 січня 1471 —1529) — (цар царів) Віджаянагарської імперії у 1509—1529 роках, письменник, покровитель мистецтва та літератури. (uk) كان Śrī Kṛṣṇa Deva Rāya والمعروف أيضًا باسم كريشنا ديفا رايا إمبراطورًا حكم إمبراطورية فيجاياناغارا من عام 1509 وحتى 1529 قبل الميلاد. وكان الحاكم الثالث ضمن أسرة تولوفا. تولى عرش الإمبراطورية في ذروة مجدها، ويعتبره الكثيرون في الهند رمزًا عظيمًا. وحاز الإمبراطور ديفا رايا ألقابًا عِدة مثل: أندهرا بهوجا (ఆంధ్రభోజ) ومورو رايارا غاندا (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ: ويعني ملك الملوك الثلاثة) كما سُمى بـكانادا راجيا راما رامانا(ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ). (ar) Krišnadéva Ráj (též Krishnadevaraya, Kršnadévarádža a pod.; 1471–1529) byl císař Vidžajanagarské říše, který vládl v letech 1509–1529 jako třetí vládce dynastie . Svou říši dostal na vrchol moci a rozlohy tím, že porazil řadu sousedních států a po úpadku Dillíského sultanátu řídil největší říši v Indii a byl jedním z nejmocnějších hinduistických vládců. Mnoho Indů ho dnes považuje za jednoho z největších panovníků svých dějin. (cs) Sri Krishna Deva Raya (en tulu: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ , en canarés: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ y en télugu: కృష్ణదేవరాయ ) o, simplemente, Krishna Deva Raya, fue el Emperador más importante del Imperio Vijayanagara. Extendió el Imperio más allá de sus límites históricos y ha sido considerado el gobernante modelo para muchos hindúes a lo largo de la Historia.Krishna Deva Raya ganó los títulos kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (traducido, "Señor del imperio kannada"), Andhra Bhoja y Mooru Rayara Ganda (traducido, "Rey de Reyes").La mayor parte de la información que tenemos de su reinado está recogida en estelas y en la portuguesa Chronica dos Reis de Bisnaga. Fue educado y aconsejado por el ministro , un hombre capaz y experimentado que le salvó la vida de pequeño y le ayudó a llegar al poder. Krishna Deva era hijo (es) Krishnadevaraya (17 January 1471 – 17 October 1529) was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Empire, reigning from 1509 to 1529. He was the third monarch of the Tuluva dynasty, and is considered to be one of the greatest rulers in Indian history. He ruled the largest empire in India after the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Presiding over the empire at its zenith, he is regarded as an icon by many Indians. Krishnadevaraya earned the titles Karnatakaratna Simhasanadeeshwara (lit. "Lord of the Jewelled Throne of Karnataka"), Yavana Rajya Pratistapanacharya (lit. "Establishment of the King to Bahmani Throne"), Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (lit. "Lord of the Kannada Empire), Andhra Bhoja (lit. "Scholar of Andhra"), Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka (lit. "Protector of Brahmins a (en) Krishnadevarâya Tuluva était un roi hindou de la (en) (1505 – 1565). Il dirige pendant vingt ans (1509 – 1529) le royaume de Vijayanâgara qui connait sous son règne sa plus grande extension et un épanouissement économique et culturel exceptionnel. (fr) Krishna Deva Raya o Sri Krishnadevaraya (kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ, telugu: శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయ; Hampi, 17 gennaio 1471 – Hampi, 17 ottobre 1529) fu il più famoso re dell’Impero Vijayanagara. Sotto il suo regno l'impero raggiunse il punto di massimo splendore. È considerato un eroe per le popolazioni Kannada e Telugu e uno dei più grandi re di tutta la storia dell'India. L'imperatore Krishna Deva Raya guadagnò i titoli di Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ), Moorurayaraganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ) (significa re dei tre re) e Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ). Molto delle informazioni riguardanti questo imperatore e del suo regno sono pervenute dai viaggiatori portoghesi Domingos Paes e Nuniz. (it) クリシュナ・デーヴァ・ラーヤ(カンナダ語:ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ದೇವರಾಯ, テルグ語:శ్రీ కృష్ణదేవ రాయలు, タミル語:கிருஷ்ணதேவராயன், 英語:Krishna Deva Raya, 1471年 - 1529年)は、南インドのヴィジャヤナガル王国、 の君主(在位:1509年 - 1529年)。クリシュナ・デーヴァラーヤ、クリシュナデーヴァラーヤとも表記される。 クリシュナ・デーヴァ・ラーヤはヴィジャヤナガル王国の最も偉大な君主とされ、その治世に王国はガジャパティ朝、ゴールコンダ王国、ビジャープル王国に輝かしい勝利をおさめたのみならず、経済的・文化的にも発展し、ヴィジャヤナガルに滞在していたフェルナン・ヌーネスやドミンゴス・パイスといったヨーロッパの旅行者から国民の幸せを願う君主という最大級の賛辞を送られるほどであった。彼は文化の保護者であったが、彼自身もまた文人であり、多くの文学作品を残している。 (ja) |
rdfs:label | كريشنادفاريا (ar) Krišnadéva Ráj (cs) Krishna Deva Raya (es) Krishna Deva Raya (fr) Krishnadevaraya (in) Krishna Deva Raya (it) Krishnadevaraya (en) クリシュナ・デーヴァ・ラーヤ (ja) Krisznadewaraja (pl) Кришнадеварайя Тулува (ru) Крішнадеварая Тулува (uk) |
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