Mari, Syria (original) (raw)

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Mari (àrab: مــاري, Mārī; actualment Tell Hariri, àrab: تل الحريري, Tall al-Harīrī) va ser una antiga ciutat-estat situada a l'Eufrates, en territori que avui dia correspon a Síria, en una plana a 11 km d', i a uns 12 km de la frontera iraquiana. L'arqueòleg francès André Parrot va excavar el lloc des de 1933, i més tard Jean-Claude Margueron el 1979; després de 40 campanyes, es calcula que una quinzena part del lloc ja ha estat excavat (8 hectàrees de 110). Els seus habitants s'anomenaven mariotes.

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dbo:abstract Mari (àrab: مــاري, Mārī; actualment Tell Hariri, àrab: تل الحريري, Tall al-Harīrī) va ser una antiga ciutat-estat situada a l'Eufrates, en territori que avui dia correspon a Síria, en una plana a 11 km d', i a uns 12 km de la frontera iraquiana. L'arqueòleg francès André Parrot va excavar el lloc des de 1933, i més tard Jean-Claude Margueron el 1979; després de 40 campanyes, es calcula que una quinzena part del lloc ja ha estat excavat (8 hectàrees de 110). Els seus habitants s'anomenaven mariotes. (ca) Mari bylo starověké sumerské město v Sýrii, dnešní pahorek Tell Hariri, 11 km severozápadně od , asi 3 km od západního břehu řeky Eufrat, asi 120 km jihovýchodně od v Sýrii. Osídlení místa vědci předpokládají od 5. tisíciletí př. n. l., jeho rozkvět sahá mezi 2900–1759 př. n. l., kdy bylo dobyto Chammurapim. Praotec Židů Abrahám údajně přes Mari cestoval na své pouti z Uru do Země zaslíbené. (cs) ماري (بالمسمارية: 𒈠𒌷𒆠؛ (بالعربية: تل حريري)) كانت دولة سامية قديمة في سوريا حالياً. تُشكل بقاياها تلاً يقع على بعد 11 كيلومتراً شمال غرب مدينة البوكمال على الضفة الغربية لنهر الفرات، على بعد 120 كيلومتراً جنوب شرق دير الزور. ازدهرت كمركز تجاري ودولة مهيمنة بين 2900 قبل الميلاد و1759 قبل الميلاد. بسبب موقعها على النهر ارتبط وجود ماري بموقعها في وسط طرق تجارة الفرات. جعلها هذا الموقع وسيطاً بين حضارة سومر في الجنوب ومملكة إبلا وبلاد الشام في الغرب. هُجِرَتْ ماري أول مرة في منتصف القرن السادس والعشرين قبل الميلاد ولكن أُعِيدَ بناؤها وأصبحت عاصمة لدولة سامية شرقية مهيمنة قبل 2500 قبل الميلاد. انخرطت ماري الثانية في حرب طويلة مع منافستها إبلا وهي معروفة بتقاربها القوي مع الثقافة السومرية. دُمِّرَتْ في القرن الثالث والعشرين قبل الميلاد من قبل الأكاديين، الذين سمحوا بإعادة بناء المدينة وعينوا حاكماً عسكرياً يحمل لقب شكاناكو («الحاكم العسكري»). أصبح الحكام في وقت لاحق مستقلين مع التفكك السريع للإمبراطورية الأكادية وأعادوا بناء المدينة كمركز إقليمي في وادي الفرات الأوسط. حكم الشكاناكو ماري حتى النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر قبل الميلاد، عندما انهارت السلالة لأسباب غير معروفة. بعد وقت قصير من انهيار الشكاناكو أصبحت ماري عاصمة سلالة ليم الأموري. كانت ماري الأمورية قصيرة العمر حيث ضُمَّتْ من قبل بابل في حوالي 1761 قبل الميلاد لكن المدينة بقيت كمستوطنة صغيرة تحت حكم البابليين والآشوريين قبل أن يُتَخَلَّى عنها وتُنْسَى خلال العصر الهلنستي. عَبَدَ المريوط الآلهة السامية والسومرية وأسسوا مدينتهم كمركز للتجارة القديمة. وعلى الرغم من أن فترات ما قبل الأموريين تميزت بالتأثير الثقافي السومري الشديد لم تكن ماري عبارة عن مدينة مهاجرين سومريين بل بالأحرى أمة ناطقة بالسامية تستخدم لهجة تشبه الإبلاوية. كان الأموريون ساميون غربيون بدأوا في الاستيطان في المنطقة قبل القرن الحادي والعشرين قبل الميلاد. بحلول عصر سلالة ليم (حوالي 1830 قبل الميلاد) أصبحوا السكان المهيمنين في الهلال الخصيب. قَدَّمَ اكتشاف ماري عام 1933 نظرة مهمة على الخريطة الجيوسياسية لبلاد ما بين النهرين القديمة وسوريا، وذلك بسبب اكتشاف أكثر من 25000 لوحاً تحتوي على معلومات مهمة حول إدارة دولة خلال الألفية الثانية قبل الميلاد وطبيعة العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين الكيانات السياسية في المنطقة. كما كشفت عن الشبكات التجارية الواسعة التي تعود إلى القرن الثامن عشر قبل الميلاد والتي كانت تربط مناطق بعيدة مثل أفغانستان في جنوب آسيا وكريت في حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط. (ar) Mari (heute Tell Hariri, Syrien) war als mesopotamischer Stadtstaat ein bedeutendes Kulturzentrum Vorderasiens, dessen Anfänge an das Ende des dritten Jahrtausends v. Chr. zurückreichen. Angaben über die Gründung von Mari sind jedoch nicht bekannt. Bereits in vorsargonischer Zeit war Mari im Vergleich zu den größeren Städten Babyloniens ein ebenbürtiger Ort. (de) Το Τελ Χαρίρι της Συρίας είναι η σημερινή ονομασία του αρχαίου Μάρι (σφηνοειδής γραφή: 𒈠𒌷𒆠, ma-riki, αραβική γλώσσα: تل حريري‎) που ανακαλύφθηκε το 1933 από τον Γάλλο αρχαιολόγο . Βρίσκεται κοντά στο και υπάγεται διοικητικά στο Ντέιρ αλ-Ζορ. Στην αρχαιολογική θέση του Μάρι έχουν αποκαλυφθεί αρχαιότητες που χρονολογούνται από το 3100 π.Χ. έως τον 7ο αιώνα μ.Χ. (el) Mari fue una ciudad antigua situada al oeste del Éufrates en la actual (Siria). Estuvo habitada desde el quinto milenio a. C. y su etapa de mayor esplendor fue entre el 2900 a. C. y el , cuando fue saqueada por Hammurabi.​ En la Biblia, Abraham pasó a través de Mari en su viaje desde Ur a Harán. (es) Artikulu hau Mesopotamiako antzinako hiriari buruzkoa da; beste esanahietarako, ikus «Mari (argipena)». Mari (egun Tell Hariri, Siria, dena) sumertar eta amortar antzinako hiria izan zen, Eufratesko mendebaldeko ertzean, egungo 11 kilometrotara ipar-mendebalderantz zegoena. Adituen arabera, jada K.a. 5. milurtekoan biztanleak zituen, nahiz eta une gorenak K.a. 2900 eta K.a. 1759 (noiz Hammurabik arpilatua izan zena) izan. (eu) Mari (Cuneiform: 𒈠𒌷𒆠, ma-riki, modern Tell Hariri; Arabic: تل حريري) was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria. Its remains form a tell 11 kilometers north-west of Abu Kamal on the Euphrates River western bank, some 120 kilometers southeast of Deir ez-Zor. It flourished as a trade center and hegemonic state between 2900 BC and 1759 BC. The city was purposely built in the middle of the Euphrates trade routes between Sumer in the south and the Eblaite kingdom and the Levant in the west. Mari was first abandoned in the middle of the 26th century BC but was rebuilt and became the capital of a hegemonic East Semitic state before 2500 BC. This second Mari engaged in a long war with its rival Ebla and is known for its strong affinity with Sumerian culture. It was destroyed in the 23rd century BC by the Akkadians, who allowed the city to be rebuilt and appointed a military governor (Shakkanakku). The governors became independent with the disintegration of the Akkadian Empire, and rebuilt the city as a regional center of the Euphrates valley. The Shakkanakkus ruled Mari until the second half of the 19th century BC, when the dynasty collapsed for unknown reasons. A short time later, Mari became the capital of the Amorite Lim dynasty. The Amorite Mari lasted only a short time before it was destroyed by Babylonia in c. 1761 BC, but it survived as a small settlement under the rule of the Babylonians and the Assyrians before being abandoned and forgotten during the Hellenistic period. The Mariotes worshiped both Semitic and Sumerian deities and established their city as a major trading center. Although the pre-Amorite periods were characterized by heavy Sumerian cultural influence, Mari was not a city of Sumerian immigrants but a Semitic-speaking nation with a dialect similar to Eblaite. The Amorites were West Semites who began to settle the area before the 21st century BC; by the Lim dynasty (c. 1830 BC), they became the dominant population in the Fertile Crescent. Mari's discovery in 1933 provided an important insight into the geopolitical map of ancient Mesopotamia and Syria, due to the discovery of more than 25,000 tablets explicating the state administration in the 2nd millennium BC and the nature of diplomatic relations among the political powers of the region. They also revealed the wide trading networks of the 18th century BC, which connected areas as far as Afghanistan in Southern Asia and Crete in the Mediterranean. (en) Le site archéologique de Mari (en arabe : mārī, مــاري) (Tell Hariri, en arabe : tall al-ḥarīrī, تل الحريري) est situé à l'extrême sud-est de la Syrie sur le moyen Euphrate, à 11 kilomètres d'Abou Kamal et à une dizaine de kilomètres de la frontière irakienne. Située dans cette plaine, Mari fut une importante cité mésopotamienne dès le IIIe millénaire av. J.-C., contemporaine de la civilisation sumérienne d'Uruk. Capitale d'un pays appelé tardivement, au VIIe siècle av. J.-C., Laqe et s'étendant le long de l'Euphrate en amont et en aval du confluent du Khabour, elle est surtout connue pour son splendide palais du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. et grâce aux fouilles archéologiques entreprises depuis 1933 par l'archéologue français André Parrot, puis reprises par Jean-Claude Margueron en 1979. Après 40 campagnes de fouilles, on estime qu'environ un quinzième du site a été fouillé (8 hectares sur 110). (fr) Mari (Tell Hariri modern, bahasa Arab: تل حريري‎) merupakan sebuah kota Semit kuno yang terletak di Suriah modern. Sisa-sisa dari kota ini merupakan tel yang terletak 11 kilometer di barat laut di tepi barat sungai Efrat, sekitar 120 kilometer tenggara Deir ez-Zor. Kota ini berkembang sebagai pusat perdagangan dan negara hegemonik pada sekitar tahun 2900 SM dan 1759 SM. Sebagai kota yang dibangun dengan sengaja, keberadaan Mari terkait dengan posisinya di tengah rute perdagangan Efrat; posisi ini menjadikannya perantara antara Sumeria di selatan dan Levant di barat. (in) 마리(Mari)는 에 위치한 시리아의 고대 도시이다. 유프라테스강 서쪽 제방의 현재의 아부 카말에서 북서로 11km 떨어져 있으며 시리아의 의 남동쪽 약 120km에 위치한다. 기원전 5000년부터 거주자가 있었다고 생각되나 기원전 2900년 무렵에 홍수에 잠겨 유물들이 소실되었다. 기원전 1800년경부터 아시리아의 식민지로 전락해 대부분이 파괴되었으며 기원전 1759년 바빌로니아의 함무라비가 마리를 포함한 아시리아의 주요 식민지들을 약탈할 때, 이 시기에 아브라함은 우르에서 무너져내린 마리를 통과하여 하란으로 갔다고 추정된다. (ko) Mari (in sumero: 𒈠𒌷 Mari o 𒈠𒌷𒆠 MA-RIKI; oggi in arabo: تل حريري Tell Hariri) è stata un'importante città mesopotamica, contemporanea di Uruk, fondata intorno alla fine del IV millennio a.C. (primi insediamenti intorno al V millennio a.C.). Lo sviluppo crescente del commercio e la sempre maggiore richiesta di materie prime provenienti da nord, crearono, nella fase subito precedente al periodo protodinastico, la necessità di fondare nuove città e centri commerciali in grado di controllare e rendere sicure le vie mercantili. Mari fu fondata con lo scopo di controllare una zona nevralgica, situata nella confluenza di importanti vie commerciali fluviali, provenienti da nord lungo l'Eufrate, e carovaniere provenienti da ovest e da est. In breve divenne un'importante e ricco centro commerciale che collegava Sumer a sud con la Siria a ovest, i cui cittadini erano noti per l'agiatezza, l'eleganza nel vestire e la cura del proprio aspetto fisico. Fu un importante centro sumerico tra il 2900 e il 1761 a.C. e arrivò al massimo splendore agli inizi del II millennio a.C., finché non fu distrutta dal re Hammurabi di Babilonia nel 1761 a.C.. Il sito archeologico della città forma una collina che si trova oggi in Siria, a circa 11 km dalla cittadina di Abu Kamal (o Al Bukamal) sulla riva ovest del tratto intermedio del fiume Eufrate, a circa 120 km sud-est di Deir ez-Zor e a circa 30 km dalla frontiera con l'Iraq, costituisce uno fra i più importanti siti archeologici mesopotamici. La prima Mari fu abbandonata all'inizio nella metà del XXVI secolo a.C. per motivi sconosciuti, ma fu ricostruita prima del 2500 a.C. e divenne la capitale di un regno che controllerà l'est semitico. Questa seconda Mari, città cosmopolita ma di organizzazione e cultura sumerica, ingaggiò una lunga guerra con la sua rivale Ebla, con alterne fortune, fino a quando fu conquistata e distrutta nel 2300 circa a.C. da Sargon di Akkad. La città fu ricostruita durante il dominio accadico e posta sotto il controllo di governatori che portavano il titolo di Shakkanakku (governatori militari). Nella fase di dissoluzione dell'impero accadico i governatori si resero indipendenti e fecero di Mari nuovamente un regno in grado di controllare la valle del medio Eufrate. Nella prima metà del IXX secolo a.C. la dinastia dei Shakkanakku si estinse e il controllo del regno passò alla dinastia amorrita di Lim che però ebbe vita breve e la città venne conquistata e distrutta durante l'impero babilonese nel 1761 a.C. La città sopravvisse come piccolo centro durante l'impero Babilonese, Assiro e poi Persiano per spopolarsi in epoca ellenistica. I Marioti veneravano sia dei sumerici sia semitici e fecero della loro città un centro dell'antico commercio un pomte fra mondo semita e sumero e, sebbene nel periodo pre-Amorrita la città fosse sotto l'influsso dalla cultura sumera, Mari non fu mai una città di immigrati sumeri, ma piuttosto una nazione di lingua semitica che parlava un dialetto simile all'Eblaita. Successivamente gli Amorrei, che erano semiti dell'ovest, iniziarano a colonizzare l'area poco prima del XXI secolo a.C. e durante il periodo della dinastia Lim (circa 1830 a.C.) divennero la popolazione dominante del regno mariota e di tutta la Mezzaluna Fertile. La scoperta della città nel 1933 permise di approfondire la conoscenza della mappa geopolitica dell'antica Mesopotamia e Siria, grazie al rinvenimento di altre 25000 tavolette di argilla che contenevano importanti informazioni circa l'amministrazione dello stato durante il secondo millennio a.c. e la natura dei rapporti diplomatici fra le entità statali della regione. esse rivelarono anche le vaste reti commerciali del XVIII secolo a.C., che connettevano territori lontani come l'Afghanistan nel sud asiatico e Creta nel Mediterraneo. La città, sotto la dinastia Lim divenne una sontuosa capitale ricca di edifici maestosi, abbelliti da numerose statue e affreschi. Fra questi spiccava il palazzo reale, noto per la sua bellezza fin dai tempi antichi. Rovine della zigurrat di Mari (it) マリ(楔形文字: 𒈠𒌷𒆠, ma-riki, 現シリア領テル・ハリリTell Hariri; アラビア語: تل حريري‎) は、ユーフラテス川中流の右岸（西岸）にあった古代シュメール（シュメル）およびアムル人の都市国家。現在のシリアの町アブ・カマル（Abu Kamal）の北西11km、デリゾールの南東120kmに位置する。紀元前5千年紀には住居があったとみられるが、都市として繁栄したのは紀元前2900年頃から紀元前1759年にかけてのことで、その後ハンムラビによって破壊された。 (ja) Mari was een oude stad in Syrië bij de moderne plaats Tell Hariri (of Tell Harriri), op de westelijke oever van de Eufraat. Waarschijnlijk is Mari bewoond geweest vanaf het derde millennium v.Chr., van 2900 v.Chr. tot 1759 v.Chr., toen het geplunderd werd door Hammurabi. Een belangrijke rivaal was de stadstaat Ebla die de hand zou hebben gehad in de vernieling van Mari. (nl) Ма́ри — город-государство, существовавшее на берегу Евфрата в Сирии в 3-м—2-м тысячелетиях до н. э. Самый западный из городов Шумера. Руины — городище около современного города Абу-Кемаль — были впервые исследованы командой археологов из Лувра в 1933 году. Практически нетронутый царский архив Мари был перевезён в музеи Дамаска и Алеппо. Многие артефакты из Мари также экспонируются в Лувре. (ru) Mari var en forntida stad vid floden Eufrat i nuvarande Syrien. Platsens nuvarande namn är Tell Hariri. Mari var maktcentrum för ett mäktigt rike från cirka 2900 f.Kr. till cirka 1761 f.kr. Under den tidiga bronsåldern uppstod där en stadsstat som genom sitt läge kunde behärska handelsvägarna norrut och söderut längs floddalen utmed Eufrat och Khabur. Staden erövrades omkring 2300 f.Kr. av Sargon av Akkad och förstördes. En ny amoritisk dynasti kom till makten omkring 1900 f.Kr. Mari underkuvade de andra stadsstaterna i Khaburs och mellersta Eufrats floddalar. Omkring 1800 f.Kr. regerades riket av Yahdun-Lim som kom i konflikt med Assyriens nya härskare Shamshi-Adad I. Mari förlorade sitt territorium till assyrierna och Yahdun-Lim dödades. Hans son Zimri-Lim sändes i exil till Halab (Aleppo). Istället utsåg Shamshi-Adad sin son Yasmah-Adad till kung i Mari. Yasmah-Adad regerade till sin fars död då han störtades. Zimri-Lim kallades hem och besteg tronen i ett oberoende Mari. Zimri-Lim allierade sig med Hammurabi av Babylon mot en assyrisk allians. När Hammurabi slagit sina fiender i söder och öster vände han sig dock mot sin forna allierade Zimri-Lim och besegrade honom. Staden förstördes av babylonierna på 1700-talet f.Kr. och kom aldrig att uppstå igen. (sv) Mari (atualmente Tel Hariri), foi uma antiga cidade-estado semítica da Síria e um dos sítios arqueológicos mais importantes na Mesopotâmia. Suas ruínas constituem um tel (colina artificial) situada a 11 quilômetros a noroeste de Abu Camal na margem ocidental do rio Eufrates, aproximadamente 120 km a sudeste de Deir Zor e cerca de 30 km da fronteira com o Iraque. Floresceu como um centro de comércio e Estado hegemônico entre 2 900 e 1 759 a.C. Como uma cidade propositalmente construída, a existência de Mari esteve vinculada à sua posição sobre as rotas comerciais do médio Eufrates; esta posição fê-la um posto intermediário entre a Suméria no sul e o Levante no oeste. Mari foi abandonada pela primeira vez em meados do século XVI a.C., mas foi reconstruída e tornar-se-ia capital dum Estado semítico oriental hegemônico antes de 2 500 a.C. Esta segunda Mari envolveu-se numa longa guerra com sua rival Ebla, e é conhecida por sua forte afinidade com a cultura suméria. Foi destruída no século XVIII a.C. pelos acadianos que permitiram que fosse reconstruída e nomearam um governador militar portando o título de xacanacu (shakkanakku). Os governadores mais tarde tornar-se-iam independentes com a rápida desintegração do Império Acádio e reconstruída a cidade como centro regional no vale do médio Eufrates. Os xacanacus governaram Mari até a segunda metade do século XIX a.C., quando a dinastia colapsou por razões desconhecidas. Pouco tempo após o colapso dos xacanacus, Mari tornou-se capital da dinastia Lim dos amoritas. A Mari amorita foi de curta duração, pois seria anexada pela Babilônia c. 1 761 a.C. Ela sobreviveu como um pequeno assentamento sob o governo de babilônios e assírios antes de ser abandonada e esquecida durante período helenístico. Os mariotas cultuavam divindades semíticas e sumérias e estabeleceram sua cidade como centro de comércio. Contudo, embora os períodos pré-amoritas foram caracterizados pela pesada influência cultura suméria, Mari não era uma cidade de imigrantes sumérios, mas uma nação falante do semítico que utilizou um dialeto similar ao eblaíta. Os amoritas eram semitas ocidentais que começaram a se estabelecer na área antes do século XXI a.C.; pelo tempo da dinastia Lim (c. 1 830 a.C.), eles começaram a dominar a população no Crescente Fértil. A descoberta de Mari em 1933 forneceu um importante luz sobre o mapa geopolítico das antigas Mesopotâmia e Síria devido à descoberta de mais de 25 000 tábuas que contêm importante informação sobre a administração do Estado durante o segundo milênio a.C. e a natureza das relações diplomáticas entre as entidades políticas na região. Eles também revelaram as amplas redes de comércio do século XVIII a.C., que conectavam áreas como o longínquo Afeganistão no sul da Ásia e Creta no Mediterrâneo. (pt) Mari – starożytne miasto w północnej Mezopotamii nad Eufratem. Od III tysiąclecia p.n.e. ważny ośrodek polityczny i handlowy na szlaku północna Mezopotamia – północna Syria. Okresowo pod władzą Sumerów, Akadów, Asyryjczyków. Największego znaczenia nabrało Mari pod rządami Amorytów na przełomie XIX/XVIII w. p.n.e. Zdobyte około 1757 r. p.n.e. przez Hammurabiego, stopniowo popadało w ruinę. Obecnie stanowisko archeologiczne Tall Hariri w Syrii. (pl) Марі (нині Тель-Харірі в Сирії, 25 кілометрів на північ від іракського кордону, 12 на північний захід від міста Абу-Кемаль і 2,5 кілометри на захід від нинішнього русла річки Євфрат) — одне з найзначніших міст-держав Межиріччя в ІІІ-ІІ тисячоліттях до нашої ери. (uk) 马里（英语：Mari，即现在叙利亚境内的特尔·哈利利（Tell Hariri））是古代苏美尔亚摩利人建立的城邦，位于幼发拉底河中流的西岸。位于现在叙利亚的西北部11km处，代尔祖尔东南120km处。大约前5千年有人居住，约前2900年开始繁荣，前1759年被汉谟拉比破坏。 (zh)
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dbp:imageMapCaption The second kingdom during the reign of Iblul-Il (en) The third kingdom during the reign of Zimri-Lim c. 1764 BC (en)
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dbp:mapType Near East#Syria (en)
dbp:name Mari (en)
dbp:nativeName Mari (en) تل حريري (en)
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dbp:s Akkadian Empire (en) First Babylonian dynasty (en)
dbp:type Settlement (en)
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dbp:yearEnd c. 2290 BC (en) c. 1761 BC (en)
dbp:yearStart c. 2500 BC (en) c. 2266 BC (en)
dct:subject dbc:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_18th_century_BC dbc:Mari,_Syria dbc:Former_kingdoms dbc:Archaeological_sites_in_Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate dbc:Bronze_Age_sites_in_Syria dbc:States_and_territories_established_in_the_3rd_millennium_BC dbc:29th-century_BC_establishments dbc:Tells_(archaeology) dbc:City-states dbc:Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia) dbc:Former_populated_places_in_Syria dbc:Kish_civilization dbc:Populated_places_established_in_the_3rd_millennium_BC dbc:Amorite_cities
gold:hypernym dbr:City
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rdfs:comment Mari (àrab: مــاري, Mārī; actualment Tell Hariri, àrab: تل الحريري, Tall al-Harīrī) va ser una antiga ciutat-estat situada a l'Eufrates, en territori que avui dia correspon a Síria, en una plana a 11 km d', i a uns 12 km de la frontera iraquiana. L'arqueòleg francès André Parrot va excavar el lloc des de 1933, i més tard Jean-Claude Margueron el 1979; després de 40 campanyes, es calcula que una quinzena part del lloc ja ha estat excavat (8 hectàrees de 110). Els seus habitants s'anomenaven mariotes. (ca) Mari bylo starověké sumerské město v Sýrii, dnešní pahorek Tell Hariri, 11 km severozápadně od , asi 3 km od západního břehu řeky Eufrat, asi 120 km jihovýchodně od v Sýrii. Osídlení místa vědci předpokládají od 5. tisíciletí př. n. l., jeho rozkvět sahá mezi 2900–1759 př. n. l., kdy bylo dobyto Chammurapim. Praotec Židů Abrahám údajně přes Mari cestoval na své pouti z Uru do Země zaslíbené. (cs) Mari (heute Tell Hariri, Syrien) war als mesopotamischer Stadtstaat ein bedeutendes Kulturzentrum Vorderasiens, dessen Anfänge an das Ende des dritten Jahrtausends v. Chr. zurückreichen. Angaben über die Gründung von Mari sind jedoch nicht bekannt. Bereits in vorsargonischer Zeit war Mari im Vergleich zu den größeren Städten Babyloniens ein ebenbürtiger Ort. (de) Το Τελ Χαρίρι της Συρίας είναι η σημερινή ονομασία του αρχαίου Μάρι (σφηνοειδής γραφή: 𒈠𒌷𒆠, ma-riki, αραβική γλώσσα: تل حريري‎) που ανακαλύφθηκε το 1933 από τον Γάλλο αρχαιολόγο . Βρίσκεται κοντά στο και υπάγεται διοικητικά στο Ντέιρ αλ-Ζορ. Στην αρχαιολογική θέση του Μάρι έχουν αποκαλυφθεί αρχαιότητες που χρονολογούνται από το 3100 π.Χ. έως τον 7ο αιώνα μ.Χ. (el) Mari fue una ciudad antigua situada al oeste del Éufrates en la actual (Siria). Estuvo habitada desde el quinto milenio a. C. y su etapa de mayor esplendor fue entre el 2900 a. C. y el , cuando fue saqueada por Hammurabi.​ En la Biblia, Abraham pasó a través de Mari en su viaje desde Ur a Harán. (es) Artikulu hau Mesopotamiako antzinako hiriari buruzkoa da; beste esanahietarako, ikus «Mari (argipena)». Mari (egun Tell Hariri, Siria, dena) sumertar eta amortar antzinako hiria izan zen, Eufratesko mendebaldeko ertzean, egungo 11 kilometrotara ipar-mendebalderantz zegoena. Adituen arabera, jada K.a. 5. milurtekoan biztanleak zituen, nahiz eta une gorenak K.a. 2900 eta K.a. 1759 (noiz Hammurabik arpilatua izan zena) izan. (eu) Mari (Tell Hariri modern, bahasa Arab: تل حريري‎) merupakan sebuah kota Semit kuno yang terletak di Suriah modern. Sisa-sisa dari kota ini merupakan tel yang terletak 11 kilometer di barat laut di tepi barat sungai Efrat, sekitar 120 kilometer tenggara Deir ez-Zor. Kota ini berkembang sebagai pusat perdagangan dan negara hegemonik pada sekitar tahun 2900 SM dan 1759 SM. Sebagai kota yang dibangun dengan sengaja, keberadaan Mari terkait dengan posisinya di tengah rute perdagangan Efrat; posisi ini menjadikannya perantara antara Sumeria di selatan dan Levant di barat. (in) 마리(Mari)는 에 위치한 시리아의 고대 도시이다. 유프라테스강 서쪽 제방의 현재의 아부 카말에서 북서로 11km 떨어져 있으며 시리아의 의 남동쪽 약 120km에 위치한다. 기원전 5000년부터 거주자가 있었다고 생각되나 기원전 2900년 무렵에 홍수에 잠겨 유물들이 소실되었다. 기원전 1800년경부터 아시리아의 식민지로 전락해 대부분이 파괴되었으며 기원전 1759년 바빌로니아의 함무라비가 마리를 포함한 아시리아의 주요 식민지들을 약탈할 때, 이 시기에 아브라함은 우르에서 무너져내린 마리를 통과하여 하란으로 갔다고 추정된다. (ko) マリ(楔形文字: 𒈠𒌷𒆠, ma-riki, 現シリア領テル・ハリリTell Hariri; アラビア語: تل حريري‎) は、ユーフラテス川中流の右岸（西岸）にあった古代シュメール（シュメル）およびアムル人の都市国家。現在のシリアの町アブ・カマル（Abu Kamal）の北西11km、デリゾールの南東120kmに位置する。紀元前5千年紀には住居があったとみられるが、都市として繁栄したのは紀元前2900年頃から紀元前1759年にかけてのことで、その後ハンムラビによって破壊された。 (ja) Mari was een oude stad in Syrië bij de moderne plaats Tell Hariri (of Tell Harriri), op de westelijke oever van de Eufraat. Waarschijnlijk is Mari bewoond geweest vanaf het derde millennium v.Chr., van 2900 v.Chr. tot 1759 v.Chr., toen het geplunderd werd door Hammurabi. Een belangrijke rivaal was de stadstaat Ebla die de hand zou hebben gehad in de vernieling van Mari. (nl) Ма́ри — город-государство, существовавшее на берегу Евфрата в Сирии в 3-м—2-м тысячелетиях до н. э. Самый западный из городов Шумера. Руины — городище около современного города Абу-Кемаль — были впервые исследованы командой археологов из Лувра в 1933 году. Практически нетронутый царский архив Мари был перевезён в музеи Дамаска и Алеппо. Многие артефакты из Мари также экспонируются в Лувре. (ru) Mari – starożytne miasto w północnej Mezopotamii nad Eufratem. Od III tysiąclecia p.n.e. ważny ośrodek polityczny i handlowy na szlaku północna Mezopotamia – północna Syria. Okresowo pod władzą Sumerów, Akadów, Asyryjczyków. Największego znaczenia nabrało Mari pod rządami Amorytów na przełomie XIX/XVIII w. p.n.e. Zdobyte około 1757 r. p.n.e. przez Hammurabiego, stopniowo popadało w ruinę. Obecnie stanowisko archeologiczne Tall Hariri w Syrii. (pl) Марі (нині Тель-Харірі в Сирії, 25 кілометрів на північ від іракського кордону, 12 на північний захід від міста Абу-Кемаль і 2,5 кілометри на захід від нинішнього русла річки Євфрат) — одне з найзначніших міст-держав Межиріччя в ІІІ-ІІ тисячоліттях до нашої ери. (uk) 马里（英语：Mari，即现在叙利亚境内的特尔·哈利利（Tell Hariri））是古代苏美尔亚摩利人建立的城邦，位于幼发拉底河中流的西岸。位于现在叙利亚的西北部11km处，代尔祖尔东南120km处。大约前5千年有人居住，约前2900年开始繁荣，前1759年被汉谟拉比破坏。 (zh) ماري (بالمسمارية: 𒈠𒌷𒆠؛ (بالعربية: تل حريري)) كانت دولة سامية قديمة في سوريا حالياً. تُشكل بقاياها تلاً يقع على بعد 11 كيلومتراً شمال غرب مدينة البوكمال على الضفة الغربية لنهر الفرات، على بعد 120 كيلومتراً جنوب شرق دير الزور. ازدهرت كمركز تجاري ودولة مهيمنة بين 2900 قبل الميلاد و1759 قبل الميلاد. بسبب موقعها على النهر ارتبط وجود ماري بموقعها في وسط طرق تجارة الفرات. جعلها هذا الموقع وسيطاً بين حضارة سومر في الجنوب ومملكة إبلا وبلاد الشام في الغرب. (ar) Mari (Cuneiform: 𒈠𒌷𒆠, ma-riki, modern Tell Hariri; Arabic: تل حريري) was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria. Its remains form a tell 11 kilometers north-west of Abu Kamal on the Euphrates River western bank, some 120 kilometers southeast of Deir ez-Zor. It flourished as a trade center and hegemonic state between 2900 BC and 1759 BC. The city was purposely built in the middle of the Euphrates trade routes between Sumer in the south and the Eblaite kingdom and the Levant in the west. (en) Le site archéologique de Mari (en arabe : mārī, مــاري) (Tell Hariri, en arabe : tall al-ḥarīrī, تل الحريري) est situé à l'extrême sud-est de la Syrie sur le moyen Euphrate, à 11 kilomètres d'Abou Kamal et à une dizaine de kilomètres de la frontière irakienne. Située dans cette plaine, Mari fut une importante cité mésopotamienne dès le IIIe millénaire av. J.-C., contemporaine de la civilisation sumérienne d'Uruk. Capitale d'un pays appelé tardivement, au VIIe siècle av. J.-C., Laqe et s'étendant le long de l'Euphrate en amont et en aval du confluent du Khabour, elle est surtout connue pour son splendide palais du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. et grâce aux fouilles archéologiques entreprises depuis 1933 par l'archéologue français André Parrot, puis reprises par Jean-Claude Margueron en 1979. Apr (fr) Mari (in sumero: 𒈠𒌷 Mari o 𒈠𒌷𒆠 MA-RIKI; oggi in arabo: تل حريري Tell Hariri) è stata un'importante città mesopotamica, contemporanea di Uruk, fondata intorno alla fine del IV millennio a.C. (primi insediamenti intorno al V millennio a.C.). Lo sviluppo crescente del commercio e la sempre maggiore richiesta di materie prime provenienti da nord, crearono, nella fase subito precedente al periodo protodinastico, la necessità di fondare nuove città e centri commerciali in grado di controllare e rendere sicure le vie mercantili. Mari fu fondata con lo scopo di controllare una zona nevralgica, situata nella confluenza di importanti vie commerciali fluviali, provenienti da nord lungo l'Eufrate, e carovaniere provenienti da ovest e da est. In breve divenne un'importante e ricco centro commercia (it) Mari (atualmente Tel Hariri), foi uma antiga cidade-estado semítica da Síria e um dos sítios arqueológicos mais importantes na Mesopotâmia. Suas ruínas constituem um tel (colina artificial) situada a 11 quilômetros a noroeste de Abu Camal na margem ocidental do rio Eufrates, aproximadamente 120 km a sudeste de Deir Zor e cerca de 30 km da fronteira com o Iraque. Floresceu como um centro de comércio e Estado hegemônico entre 2 900 e 1 759 a.C. Como uma cidade propositalmente construída, a existência de Mari esteve vinculada à sua posição sobre as rotas comerciais do médio Eufrates; esta posição fê-la um posto intermediário entre a Suméria no sul e o Levante no oeste. (pt) Mari var en forntida stad vid floden Eufrat i nuvarande Syrien. Platsens nuvarande namn är Tell Hariri. Mari var maktcentrum för ett mäktigt rike från cirka 2900 f.Kr. till cirka 1761 f.kr. Under den tidiga bronsåldern uppstod där en stadsstat som genom sitt läge kunde behärska handelsvägarna norrut och söderut längs floddalen utmed Eufrat och Khabur. Staden erövrades omkring 2300 f.Kr. av Sargon av Akkad och förstördes. (sv)
rdfs:label Mari, Syria (en) مملكة ماري (ar) Mari (Mesopotàmia) (ca) Mari (cs) Mari (Stadt) (de) Τελ Χαρίρι (el) Mari (Siria) (eu) Mari (ciudad) (es) Mari, Suriah (in) Mari (Syrie) (fr) Mari (città antica) (it) 마리 (수메르) (ko) マリ (シリア) (ja) Mari (stad) (nl) Mari (pl) Mari (Síria) (pt) Мари (город-государство) (ru) Mari (sv) 马里 (叙利亚) (zh) Марі (uk)
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foaf:name Mari (en) Second Mariote Kingdom (en) Third Mariote Kingdom (en)
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