Medieval Bulgarian army (original) (raw)
O exército búlgaro medieval foi o principal órgão militar do Primeiro e Segundo Império Búlgaro. Durante as primeiras décadas após a fundação do país, o exército consistia de cavalaria protobúlgara e infantaria eslava. O núcleo do exército era a cavalaria pesada, cujo número era de 12 000 e 30 000 cavaleiros fortemente armados. Em seu apogeu, nos séculos IX e X, foi uma das mais formidáveis forças militares na Europa e era temida por seus inimigos.
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| dbo:abstract | L'exèrcit medieval búlgar va ser el principal òrgan militar del primer i segon imperi búlgar. Durant les primeres dècades després de la fundació del país, l'exèrcit es componia de la cavalleria búlgara i infanteria eslava. El nucli de l'exèrcit búlgar va ser la cavalleria pesant, que consistia en 12.000-30.000 genets fortament armats. En el seu apogeu entre els segles IX i X, va ser una de les forces militars més formidables d'Europa i temuda pels seus enemics. Hi ha diversos casos documentats dels comandants romans d'Orient que abandonaren una invasió a causa de la renuncia a enfrontar-se a l'exèrcit búlgar en el seu territori d'origen. L'exèrcit estava intrínsecament vinculat a l'existència mateixa de l'estat búlgar. El seu èxit sota el tsar Simeó I el Gran va marcar la creació d'un imperi de gran extensió, i la seva derrota en una guerra prolongada de desgast a principis del segle xi va significar la fi de la independència de Bulgària a mans de l'Imperi Romà d'Orient després de la Batalla de Klidíon. Quan l'estat búlgar va ser restablert el 1185, una sèrie d'emperadors capaços aconseguir una notable sèrie de victòries sobre els romans d'Orient i els croats occidentals, però com l'estat i el seu exèrcit van quedar fragmentats en els segles xiii i xiv, es va mostrar incapaç d'aturar l'avenç otomà, que va resultar amb la conquesta de tota Bulgària el 1422. No seria fins a 1878, amb la , que es restabliria un . (ca) Die mittelalterliche bulgarische Armee war das wichtigste militärische Instrument des Ersten und des Zweiten Bulgarischen Reiches. In den ersten Jahrzehnten nach der Gründung des Reiches bestand die Armee aus Infanterie und Kavallerie slawischer Bulgaren. Der Kern der bulgarischen Armee war die schwere Kavallerie, die aus 12.000 bis 30.000 schwer bewaffneten Reitern bestand. In ihrer Blütezeit vom 9. bis 10. Jahrhundert war sie eine der mächtigsten Streitkräfte in Europa. Es gibt mehrere dokumentierte Fälle, in denen byzantinische Feldherren eine Invasion mit ihren Truppen ablehnten, um nicht gegen die ihre Heimat verteidigende bulgarische Armee kämpfen zu müssen. Die Armee war untrennbar mit der Existenz des bulgarischen Staates verbunden. Ihr Erfolg unter Zar Simeon I. markiert die Schaffung eines großen Reiches, und ihre Niederlage in einem langwierigen Abnutzungskrieg im frühen 11. Jahrhundert, welches das Ende der Unabhängigkeit Bulgariens markiert. Nachdem der bulgarische Staat im Jahre 1185 restauriert worden war, erreichte eine Reihe von fähigen Zaren eine bemerkenswerte Serie von Siegen über die Byzantiner und die westlichen Kreuzfahrer. Als der Staat und seine Armee im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert zersplittert waren, war sie nicht in der Lage den osmanischen Vorstoß zu stoppen, der zur Eroberung Bulgariens im Jahr 1422 führte. Erst 1878, mit der Befreiung Bulgariens, wurde eine neue bulgarische Armee aufgestellt. (de) El ejército medieval búlgaro (en búlgaro, българска армия) fue el principal cuerpo militar del Primer y Segundo Imperio búlgaro. Durante las primeras décadas tras la fundación del país, el ejército se componía de una caballería búlgara e infantería eslava. El núcleo del ejército era la caballería pesada, cuyo número consistía de doce y treinta mil jinetes fuertemente armados. En su época de apogeo en los siglos IX y X, fue una de las fuerzas militares más formidables de Europa y era temida por sus enemigos. Existen varios casos documentados de comandantes bizantinos que abandonaron una invasión a causa de la renuencia de enfrentar al ejército búlgaro en su propio territorio. El ejército estaba intrínsecamente vinculado a la existencia misma del estado. Su éxito bajo el zar Simeón I marcó la creación de un imperio de gran extensión, y su derrota en una guerra prolongada de desgaste a principios del siglo xi que significó el fin de la independencia de Bulgaria. Cuando el estado fue restablecido en 1185, una serie de emperadores capaces lograron importantes victorias sobre los bizantinos y los cruzados, pero como el estado y su ejército quedaron fragmentados en los siglos xiii y xiv, se mostró incapaz de detener el avance otomano, que resultó con la conquista de todo el país en 1396. No sería hasta 1878, con la creación del Principado autónomo de Bulgaria, que el ejército se restablecería. (es) The medieval Bulgarian army was the primary military body of the First and the Second Bulgarian Empires, and some Puppet states of the former, like the Despotate of Dobruja. During the first decades after the foundation of the country, the army consisted of a Bulgar cavalry and a Slavic infantry. The core of the Bulgarian army was the heavy cavalry, which consisted of ca. 12,000 heavily armed riders. At its height in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was one of the most formidable military forces in Europe and was feared by its enemies. There are several documented cases of Byzantine commanders abandoning an invasion because of a reluctance to confront the Bulgarian army on its home territory. The army was intrinsically linked to the very existence of the Bulgarian state. Its success under Tsar Simeon I the Great marked the creation of a wide-ranging empire, and its defeat in a prolonged war of attrition in the early 11th century meant the end of Bulgarian independence. When the Bulgarian state was reestablished in 1185, a series of capable emperors achieved a remarkable string of victories over the Byzantines and the Western Crusaders, but as the state and its army fragmented in the 13th and 14th centuries, it proved unable to halt the Ottoman advance, which resulted in the conquest of all of Bulgaria by 1396/1422. It would not be until 1878, with the Liberation of Bulgaria, that a Bulgarian military would be restored. (en) O exército búlgaro medieval foi o principal órgão militar do Primeiro e Segundo Império Búlgaro. Durante as primeiras décadas após a fundação do país, o exército consistia de cavalaria protobúlgara e infantaria eslava. O núcleo do exército era a cavalaria pesada, cujo número era de 12 000 e 30 000 cavaleiros fortemente armados. Em seu apogeu, nos séculos IX e X, foi uma das mais formidáveis forças militares na Europa e era temida por seus inimigos. (pt) Средневековое болгарское войско (болг. Средновековна българска армия) — вооружённые силы Первого и Второго Болгарских царств.В первое десятилетие после основания государства войско состояло из кавалерии, в который служили болгары, и пехоты, в которой служили славяне. Ядро болгарского войска в то время составляла тяжёлая конница численностью 12 000 — 30 000 человек. В конце IX — начале X века войско Болгарского царства являлось одной из крупнейших и сильнейших армий Европы. Как свидетельствуют документы, нежелание византийцев воевать с болгарами было тесно связано с её мощью. (ru) |
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| dbp:caption | Khan Krum feasts with a skull cup made of Emperor Nicephorus Is head following the victory in the battle of Pliska. (en) |
| dbp:leaders | dbr:List_of_Bulgarian_monarchs |
| dbp:name | Medieval Bulgarian army (en) |
| dbp:opponents | Byzantine Empire, Khazars, the Caliphate, Avars, Franks under Carolingian Empire and Kingdom of the East Franks, Magyars and Principality/Kingdom of Hungary, Medieval Serbian states, Duchy/Kingdom of Croatia, Pechenegs, Kievan Rus', Latin Empire, Despotate of Epirus, Kingdom of Thessalonica, Empire of Trebizond, the Mongol Golden Horde, Republic of Genoa, Ottoman Empire and others (en) |
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| dbp:war | the wars of the Bulgarian Empire (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | O exército búlgaro medieval foi o principal órgão militar do Primeiro e Segundo Império Búlgaro. Durante as primeiras décadas após a fundação do país, o exército consistia de cavalaria protobúlgara e infantaria eslava. O núcleo do exército era a cavalaria pesada, cujo número era de 12 000 e 30 000 cavaleiros fortemente armados. Em seu apogeu, nos séculos IX e X, foi uma das mais formidáveis forças militares na Europa e era temida por seus inimigos. (pt) Средневековое болгарское войско (болг. Средновековна българска армия) — вооружённые силы Первого и Второго Болгарских царств.В первое десятилетие после основания государства войско состояло из кавалерии, в который служили болгары, и пехоты, в которой служили славяне. Ядро болгарского войска в то время составляла тяжёлая конница численностью 12 000 — 30 000 человек. В конце IX — начале X века войско Болгарского царства являлось одной из крупнейших и сильнейших армий Европы. Как свидетельствуют документы, нежелание византийцев воевать с болгарами было тесно связано с её мощью. (ru) L'exèrcit medieval búlgar va ser el principal òrgan militar del primer i segon imperi búlgar. Durant les primeres dècades després de la fundació del país, l'exèrcit es componia de la cavalleria búlgara i infanteria eslava. El nucli de l'exèrcit búlgar va ser la cavalleria pesant, que consistia en 12.000-30.000 genets fortament armats. En el seu apogeu entre els segles IX i X, va ser una de les forces militars més formidables d'Europa i temuda pels seus enemics. Hi ha diversos casos documentats dels comandants romans d'Orient que abandonaren una invasió a causa de la renuncia a enfrontar-se a l'exèrcit búlgar en el seu territori d'origen. (ca) Die mittelalterliche bulgarische Armee war das wichtigste militärische Instrument des Ersten und des Zweiten Bulgarischen Reiches. In den ersten Jahrzehnten nach der Gründung des Reiches bestand die Armee aus Infanterie und Kavallerie slawischer Bulgaren. Der Kern der bulgarischen Armee war die schwere Kavallerie, die aus 12.000 bis 30.000 schwer bewaffneten Reitern bestand. In ihrer Blütezeit vom 9. bis 10. Jahrhundert war sie eine der mächtigsten Streitkräfte in Europa. Es gibt mehrere dokumentierte Fälle, in denen byzantinische Feldherren eine Invasion mit ihren Truppen ablehnten, um nicht gegen die ihre Heimat verteidigende bulgarische Armee kämpfen zu müssen. (de) El ejército medieval búlgaro (en búlgaro, българска армия) fue el principal cuerpo militar del Primer y Segundo Imperio búlgaro. Durante las primeras décadas tras la fundación del país, el ejército se componía de una caballería búlgara e infantería eslava. El núcleo del ejército era la caballería pesada, cuyo número consistía de doce y treinta mil jinetes fuertemente armados. En su época de apogeo en los siglos IX y X, fue una de las fuerzas militares más formidables de Europa y era temida por sus enemigos. Existen varios casos documentados de comandantes bizantinos que abandonaron una invasión a causa de la renuencia de enfrentar al ejército búlgaro en su propio territorio. (es) The medieval Bulgarian army was the primary military body of the First and the Second Bulgarian Empires, and some Puppet states of the former, like the Despotate of Dobruja. During the first decades after the foundation of the country, the army consisted of a Bulgar cavalry and a Slavic infantry. The core of the Bulgarian army was the heavy cavalry, which consisted of ca. 12,000 heavily armed riders. At its height in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was one of the most formidable military forces in Europe and was feared by its enemies. There are several documented cases of Byzantine commanders abandoning an invasion because of a reluctance to confront the Bulgarian army on its home territory. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Exèrcit medieval búlgar (ca) Mittelalterliche bulgarische Armee (de) Ejército medieval búlgaro (es) Medieval Bulgarian army (en) Exército búlgaro medieval (pt) Войско средневековой Болгарии (ru) |
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