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أوليفر وندل هولمز، الابن (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.)‏، واحد من أشهر القضاة الأمريكيين في القرن العشرين، عمل عضوًا في المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة زهاء ثلاثين عامًا، وخلال تلك الفترة أسهم إسهامًا عظيمًا في تغيير مفاهيم القانون. وقد ساعد ذكاؤه المتوقّد، وروحه المرحة، وقدرته على التعبير عن نفسه، في توجيه الفكر الأمريكي.

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dbo:abstract أوليفر وندل هولمز، الابن (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.)‏، واحد من أشهر القضاة الأمريكيين في القرن العشرين، عمل عضوًا في المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة زهاء ثلاثين عامًا، وخلال تلك الفترة أسهم إسهامًا عظيمًا في تغيير مفاهيم القانون. وقد ساعد ذكاؤه المتوقّد، وروحه المرحة، وقدرته على التعبير عن نفسه، في توجيه الفكر الأمريكي. (ar) Oliver Wendell Holmes mladší (anglicky Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., [hoʊmz]; 8. března 1841 – 6. března 1935) byl americký právník a právní teoretik, člen Nejvyššího soudu USA v letech 1902 až 1932. Je dodnes jednou z nejvlivnějších a nejcitovanějších autorit anglosaského práva. Byl rovněž členem a předsedou Massachusettského nejvyššího soudu a vyučoval na Harvardově univerzitě. Holmes mladší byl synem Olivera Wendella Holmese staršího, lékaře a spisovatele. Hluboce ho ovlivnila zkušenost občanské války v USA, v níž bojoval a byl několikrát raněn. To ho vedlo k právnímu realismu („právo neoživuje logika; oživuje ho zkušenost“), odporu vůči ideji přirozeného práva a pragmatismu. Zastával právo na širokou svobodu slova, podporoval však regulaci ekonomiky. (cs) Oliver Wendell Holmes jr. (* 8. März 1841 in Boston, Massachusetts; † 6. März 1935 in Washington, D.C.) war ein amerikanischer Rechtswissenschaftler. Von 1902 bis 1932 war er Richter am Obersten Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten. Aufgrund seiner langen Amtszeit, seines kurzen und prägnanten Argumentationsstils sowie seiner ausgesprochenen Überzeugung, als Vertreter der Rechtsprechung die Entscheidungen des demokratisch gewählten Parlaments respektieren zu müssen, wurde er zu einem der am häufigsten zitierten Richter dieses Gerichtshofes. Als Rechtstheoretiker vertrat er eine dem Rechtsrealismus nahestehende Auffassung, der zufolge sich die Aufgabe der Rechtswissenschaft darin erschöpfe, die tatsächlichen Entscheidungen der Gerichte erfolgreich vorherzusagen: „The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law“ (Die Vorhersagen was Gerichte tatsächlich tun werden, und nichts Prätentiöseres, ist das was ich mit Gesetz meine). (de) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.​ (8 de marzo de 1841 - 6 de marzo de 1935) fue un jurista estadounidense, juez asociado de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos entre 1902 y 1932 y presidente interino del alto tribunal entre enero y febrero de 1930. Reconocido por su larga carrera, concisas y precisas opiniones, y el respeto profesado por el legislador a sus decisiones jurídicas, es uno de los jueces de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos más reconocido y citado en la historia, particularmente por su argumentación en la sentencia dictada por unanimidad en el caso de 1919.​ Honrado como uno de los jueces más influyentes e importantes en el derecho anglosajón en Estados Unidos y también en Reino Unido, Holmes se retiró a la edad de 90 años, convirtiéndose en el juez más longevo de la Corte Suprema en toda su historia. Previamente también fue juez asociado y juez presidente de la Corte Suprema Judicial de Massachusetts, además de profesor asociado en la que había sido su alma mater, la facultad de Derecho de Harvard. Profundamente influido por sus experiencias bélicas en la guerra civil estadounidense, Holmes ayudó a desplazar el pensamiento legal estadounidense hacia el «realismo jurídico», como él mismo resumía en su máxima «la vida de la ley no ha sido lógica, ha sido experiencia».​ Holmes se opuso a la doctrina del derecho natural y abrazó una forma de escepticismo moral, provocando un cambio de paradigma en la jurisprudencia estadounidense. En una de sus más célebres opiniones concibió, en su voto particular del caso de 1919, a la Constitución estadounidense «como un experimento, ya que toda la vida es un experimento», y esgrimió que como consecuencia lógica «deberíamos estar eternamente atentos a los intentos de verificar la expresión de opiniones que detestamos y creemos que están repletas de muerte».​​ Nombrado juez de la Corte Suprema por el presidente Theodore Roosevelt, durante su mandato promovió y apoyó los esfuerzos para regular la economía y abogó por una amplia libertad de expresión al amparo de la Primera Enmienda; estas posiciones, su personalidad distintiva, así como su particular estilo literario, lo convirtieron en una figura popular, especialmente entre los «progresistas» estadounidenses.​ Su jurisprudencia tuvo una notablemente influencia en el pensamiento jurídico estadounidense posterior, incluido el consenso judicial que permitió el nuevo derecho regulatorio surgido de las políticas del New Deal, además de en las escuelas pragmáticas, del análisis económico del Derecho y en los estudios jurídicos críticos. Señalado como uno de los pocos jueces eruditos en su campo, el Journal of Legal Studies lo identificó «como el tercer jurista estadounidense más citado del siglo XX».​ (es) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist and legal scholar who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932. He is one of the most widely cited U.S. Supreme Court justices and most influential American common law judges in history, noted for his long service, pithy opinions—particularly those on civil liberties and American constitutional democracy—and deference to the decisions of elected legislatures. Holmes retired from the court at the age of 90, an unbeaten record for oldest justice on the Supreme Court. He previously served as a Brevet Colonel in the American Civil War, in which he was wounded three times, as an associate justice and chief justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and as Weld Professor of Law at his alma mater, Harvard Law School. His positions, distinctive personality, and writing style made him a popular figure, especially with American progressives. During his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court, to which he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, he supported the constitutionality of state economic regulation and came to advocate broad freedom of speech under the First Amendment, after, in Schenck v. United States (1919), having upheld for a unanimous court criminal sanctions against draft protestors with the memorable maxim that "free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic" and formulating the groundbreaking "clear and present danger" test. But later that same year, in his famous dissent in Abrams v. United States (1919), he wrote that "the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market.... That, at any rate, is the theory of our Constitution. It is an experiment, as all life is an experiment." He added that "we should be eternally vigilant against attempts to check the expression of opinions that we loathe and believe to be fraught with death...." He was one of only a handful of justices known as a scholar; The Journal of Legal Studies has identified Holmes as the third-most cited American legal scholar of the 20th century. Holmes was a legal realist, as summed up in his maxim, "The life of the law has not been logic: it has been experience", and a moral skeptic opposed to the doctrine of natural law. His jurisprudence and academic writing influenced much subsequent American legal thinking, including the judicial consensus upholding New Deal regulatory law and the influential American schools of pragmatism, critical legal studies, and law and economics. (en) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. dit The Great Dissenter (le grand dissident), né le 8 mars 1841 à Boston dans le Massachusetts, mort le 6 mars 1935 à Washington (District de Columbia) est un juriste américain qui fut nommé par le président Theodore Roosevelt et confirmé par le Sénat juge à la Cour suprême des États-Unis de 1902 à 1932. (fr) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (8 Maret 1841 – 6 Maret 1935) adalah seorang hakim Amerika yang menjabat sebagai Hakim Asosiasi dari 1902 sampai 1932, dan sebagai Pelaksana Jabatan Ketua Hakim Amerika Serikat dari Januari-Februari 1930. Dikenal atas pelayanan panjangnya, opini dan pembelaannya terhadap keputusan dari legislatur-legislatur terpilih, ia adalah salah satu hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Amerika Serikat yang paling banyak dikenal dalam sejarah, terutama atas opini ""nya atas sebuah Pengadilan dalam kasus tahun 1919 dari , dan merupakan salah satu hakim hukum umum Amerika paling berpengaruh, dihargai pada masa hidupnya di Britania Raya serta Amerika Serikat. Holmes pensiun dari Pengadilan pada usia 90 tahun, menjadikannya Hakim tertua dalam sejarah Pengadilan Tinggi. Ia juga menjabat sebagai Hakim Asosiasi dan Ketua Hakim pada , dan merupakan Professor of Law di Harvard Law School, dimana ia menjadi seorang alumnus. (in) オリバー・ウェンデル・ホームズ・ジュニア(英語: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.、1841年3月8日 - 1935年3月6日)は、アメリカ合衆国の法律家。連邦最高裁判所陪席裁判官。 (ja) 올리버 웬들 홈스(Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1841년 3월 8일 ~ 1935년 3월 6일)는 미국의 법학자, 대법관이다. 종종 미국의 가장 위대한 법사상가로 꼽힌다. 1902년부터 1932년까지 미국 연방 대법원의 대법관을 역임했다. 대법관으로 활동하는 동안 간결하고 함축된 의견과 선출된 입법기관의 결정에 대한 존중으로 유명하며, 역사상 가장 많이 인용되는 대법관이기도 하다. 특히 명백 현존 위험에 대한 판결은 미국 영미법 판결 사상 가장 영향력있는 판결이다. 홈스는 90살의 나이로 역사상 가장 나이든 대법관으로 은퇴하였다. 또한 그는 매사추세츠 대법원의 대법관으로 일하였으며 하버드 로스쿨에서 교수를 역임하기도 했다. 뉴딜 시대에 일반적으로 보수적인 법관 속에 있으면서 자주 진보적인 소수 의견을 진술하여 미국의 법 및 법학의 발달에 기여하였다. 또 자유주의자로서 기본적 인권의 옹호에 노력하고 ‘명백하고도 합리적인 위험이 현존’하지 않는 한, 언론의 자유를 제한하는 것에 반대하였다. 프래그머티즘의 입장에서 구래(舊來)의 자연법사상을 타파하여 리얼리즘에의 길을 열었다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 "〈법의 발달〉, 홈스" 항목을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (Boston, 8 marzo 1841 – Washington, 6 marzo 1935) è stato un giurista statunitense. (it) Oliver Wendell Holmes (Boston, 8 maart 1841 - Washington D.C., 6 maart 1935) was een Amerikaanse jurist en rechtsfilosoof. (nl) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (ur. 8 marca 1841 w Bostonie, zm. 6 marca 1935 w Waszyngtonie) – amerykański prawnik. Syn Olivera Wendella Holmesa Sr., amerykańskiego pisarza i poety. Od 1867 adwokat w Bostonie. W latach (1882–1899) sędzia sądu najwyższego w stanie Massachusetts. W latach (1902–1933) sędzia Sądu Najwyższego USA. Reprezentował postawę liberalną, łącząc dążenie do ochrony zagwarantowanych konstytucyjnie praw jednostki ze zwalczaniem nadmiernego formalizmu prawnego. Poglądy jego wpłynęły na rozwój realizmu prawniczego w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Prace jego wydano w Collected Legal Papers (1920). (pl) Оливер Уэнделл Холмс — младший (англ. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.; 8 марта 1841, Бостон — 6 марта 1935, Вашингтон) — американский юрист и правовед, многолетний член Верховного суда США. (ru) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., född 8 mars 1841 i Boston i Massachusetts, död 6 mars 1935 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk jurist som satt i USA:s högsta domstol mellan 1902 och 1932. Han var son till författaren och akademikern Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.. (sv) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (Boston, 8 de março de 1841 – Washington, D.C., 6 de março de 1935) foi um jurista, advogado, professor universitário, juiz da Suprema Corte e filósofo estadunidense. Pai do Realismo Jurídico e conhecido como o “grande dissidente” pela forma como teorizou e praticou o direito, influenciou o pensamento jurídico estadunidense do século XX. (pt) Олівер Венделл Голмс молодший (англ. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.; 8 березня 1841, Бостон — 6 березня 1935, Вашингтон) — американський теоретик та філософ права, судовий діяч, голова Верховного суду США, син відомого лікаря Олівера Венделла Голмса старшого. Олівер Венделл Голмс був американським юристом, який працював на посаді судді Верховного Суду США з 1902 по 1932, і виконував обов'язки голови суду Сполучених Штатів в січні-лютому 1930 року. Він відзначився довгим строком служби, стислими і змістовними правовими позиціями та повагою до рішень легіслатур. Його часто цитують, зокрема завдяки його позиції щодо запровадження тесту «явної і прямої загрози» у справі 1919 року Шенк проти США (Schenck v. United States). Голмс — один з найвпливовіших американських суддів загального права. За життя його відзначили не тільки в США, але й у Великій Британії. Голмс подав у відставку у віці 90 років, що робить його найстаршим суддею в історії Верховного Суду. Він також був головою Массачусетського Верховного Суду. Голмса запрошували викладати право на юридичному факультеті Гарвардського університету, який він закінчив. Участь у бойових діях під час громадянської війни в Америці вплинула на Олівера Голмса. Він допоміг схилити правове мислення американців на користь правового реалізму. Голмс підсумував це таким висловом: «Життя закону — не логіка, а досвід.»; Голмс підтримував форму морального скептицизму і виступав проти доктрини природного права, відзначаючи значне зрушення в американській юриспруденції. Він описав в одному зі своїх найвідоміших рішень, у окремій думці у справі Абрамс проти Сполучених Штатів [1919], зазначивши, що Конституція США — це «експеримент, оскільки все життя — експеримент» і як наслідок «Ми повинні бути надзвичайно пильними і виступати проти спроб перевірити висловлювання думок, які ми ненавидимо і вважаємо загрозливими». Під час своєї роботи у Верховному Суді, до якого він був призначений президентом Теодором Рузвельтом, Голмс підтримував спроби економічного регулювання у країні і захищав широку свободу слова відповідно до Першої поправки. Ці погляди та непересічність його особистості та стилю письма зробили його популярною фігурою, особливо серед прогресистів Америки.Його судова практика мала значний вплив на розвиток американської правової думки, в тому числі на судовий консенсус щодо підтримки законодавства Нового курсу, а також на впливові школи прагматизму, критичних юридичних досліджень, права та економіки. Він був не лише суддею, а й відомим вченим. За висновками The Journal of Legal Studies, Голмс став одним з трьох найбільш цитованих американських правознавців 20-го століття. (uk) 小奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯(英語:Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,1841年3月8日-1935年3月6日),美国诗人老奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯之子,美国著名法学家、最高法院大法官,被公认为是美国最高法院最伟大的大法官之一。 (zh)
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dbp:alt Photograph of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, aged about 89, in the robes of a judge (en)
dbp:battles * American Civil War ** Battle of Ball's Bluff ** Peninsula Campaign ** Battle of Antietam ** Battle of Fredericksburg ** Battle of Chancellorsville ** Battle of the Wilderness ** Battle of Fort Stevens (en)
dbp:bgcolor #c6dbf7 (en)
dbp:birthDate 1841-03-08 (xsd:date)
dbp:birthPlace Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. (en)
dbp:branch dbr:United_States_Army
dbp:caption Justice Holmes (en)
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dbp:deathPlace Washington, D.C., U.S. (en)
dbp:education Harvard University (en)
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dbp:quote We cannot all be Descartes or Kant, but we all want happiness. And happiness, I am sure from having known many successful men, cannot be won simply by being counsel for great corporations and having an income of fifty thousand dollars. An intellect great enough to win the prize needs other food beside success. The remoter and more general aspects of the law are those which give it universal interest. It is through them that you not only become a great master in your calling, but connect your subject with the universe and catch an echo of the infinite, a glimpse of its unfathomable process, a hint of the universal law. (en) General propositions do not decide concrete cases. (en)
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dbp:signature Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr signature.svg (en)
dbp:source —Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr, "The Path of the Law", 10 Harvard Law Review 457, 478 (en) —Holmes’s dissent in Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45, 76 (en)
dbp:spouse 1873 (xsd:integer) 1929-04-30 (xsd:date) (en) Fanny Bowditch Dixwell (en)
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dbp:title dbr:Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (en) Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (en)
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dbp:wstitle Holmes, Oliver Wendell (en)
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rdfs:comment أوليفر وندل هولمز، الابن (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.)‏، واحد من أشهر القضاة الأمريكيين في القرن العشرين، عمل عضوًا في المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة زهاء ثلاثين عامًا، وخلال تلك الفترة أسهم إسهامًا عظيمًا في تغيير مفاهيم القانون. وقد ساعد ذكاؤه المتوقّد، وروحه المرحة، وقدرته على التعبير عن نفسه، في توجيه الفكر الأمريكي. (ar) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. dit The Great Dissenter (le grand dissident), né le 8 mars 1841 à Boston dans le Massachusetts, mort le 6 mars 1935 à Washington (District de Columbia) est un juriste américain qui fut nommé par le président Theodore Roosevelt et confirmé par le Sénat juge à la Cour suprême des États-Unis de 1902 à 1932. (fr) オリバー・ウェンデル・ホームズ・ジュニア(英語: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.、1841年3月8日 - 1935年3月6日)は、アメリカ合衆国の法律家。連邦最高裁判所陪席裁判官。 (ja) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (Boston, 8 marzo 1841 – Washington, 6 marzo 1935) è stato un giurista statunitense. (it) Oliver Wendell Holmes (Boston, 8 maart 1841 - Washington D.C., 6 maart 1935) was een Amerikaanse jurist en rechtsfilosoof. (nl) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (ur. 8 marca 1841 w Bostonie, zm. 6 marca 1935 w Waszyngtonie) – amerykański prawnik. Syn Olivera Wendella Holmesa Sr., amerykańskiego pisarza i poety. Od 1867 adwokat w Bostonie. W latach (1882–1899) sędzia sądu najwyższego w stanie Massachusetts. W latach (1902–1933) sędzia Sądu Najwyższego USA. Reprezentował postawę liberalną, łącząc dążenie do ochrony zagwarantowanych konstytucyjnie praw jednostki ze zwalczaniem nadmiernego formalizmu prawnego. Poglądy jego wpłynęły na rozwój realizmu prawniczego w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Prace jego wydano w Collected Legal Papers (1920). (pl) Оливер Уэнделл Холмс — младший (англ. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.; 8 марта 1841, Бостон — 6 марта 1935, Вашингтон) — американский юрист и правовед, многолетний член Верховного суда США. (ru) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., född 8 mars 1841 i Boston i Massachusetts, död 6 mars 1935 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk jurist som satt i USA:s högsta domstol mellan 1902 och 1932. Han var son till författaren och akademikern Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.. (sv) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (Boston, 8 de março de 1841 – Washington, D.C., 6 de março de 1935) foi um jurista, advogado, professor universitário, juiz da Suprema Corte e filósofo estadunidense. Pai do Realismo Jurídico e conhecido como o “grande dissidente” pela forma como teorizou e praticou o direito, influenciou o pensamento jurídico estadunidense do século XX. (pt) 小奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯(英語:Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,1841年3月8日-1935年3月6日),美国诗人老奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯之子,美国著名法学家、最高法院大法官,被公认为是美国最高法院最伟大的大法官之一。 (zh) Oliver Wendell Holmes mladší (anglicky Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., [hoʊmz]; 8. března 1841 – 6. března 1935) byl americký právník a právní teoretik, člen Nejvyššího soudu USA v letech 1902 až 1932. Je dodnes jednou z nejvlivnějších a nejcitovanějších autorit anglosaského práva. Byl rovněž členem a předsedou Massachusettského nejvyššího soudu a vyučoval na Harvardově univerzitě. (cs) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.​ (8 de marzo de 1841 - 6 de marzo de 1935) fue un jurista estadounidense, juez asociado de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos entre 1902 y 1932 y presidente interino del alto tribunal entre enero y febrero de 1930. (es) Oliver Wendell Holmes jr. (* 8. März 1841 in Boston, Massachusetts; † 6. März 1935 in Washington, D.C.) war ein amerikanischer Rechtswissenschaftler. Von 1902 bis 1932 war er Richter am Obersten Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten. Aufgrund seiner langen Amtszeit, seines kurzen und prägnanten Argumentationsstils sowie seiner ausgesprochenen Überzeugung, als Vertreter der Rechtsprechung die Entscheidungen des demokratisch gewählten Parlaments respektieren zu müssen, wurde er zu einem der am häufigsten zitierten Richter dieses Gerichtshofes. Als Rechtstheoretiker vertrat er eine dem Rechtsrealismus nahestehende Auffassung, der zufolge sich die Aufgabe der Rechtswissenschaft darin erschöpfe, die tatsächlichen Entscheidungen der Gerichte erfolgreich vorherzusagen: „The prophecies of what the c (de) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist and legal scholar who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932. He is one of the most widely cited U.S. Supreme Court justices and most influential American common law judges in history, noted for his long service, pithy opinions—particularly those on civil liberties and American constitutional democracy—and deference to the decisions of elected legislatures. Holmes retired from the court at the age of 90, an unbeaten record for oldest justice on the Supreme Court. He previously served as a Brevet Colonel in the American Civil War, in which he was wounded three times, as an associate justice and chief justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and as (en) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (8 Maret 1841 – 6 Maret 1935) adalah seorang hakim Amerika yang menjabat sebagai Hakim Asosiasi dari 1902 sampai 1932, dan sebagai Pelaksana Jabatan Ketua Hakim Amerika Serikat dari Januari-Februari 1930. Dikenal atas pelayanan panjangnya, opini dan pembelaannya terhadap keputusan dari legislatur-legislatur terpilih, ia adalah salah satu hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Amerika Serikat yang paling banyak dikenal dalam sejarah, terutama atas opini ""nya atas sebuah Pengadilan dalam kasus tahun 1919 dari , dan merupakan salah satu hakim hukum umum Amerika paling berpengaruh, dihargai pada masa hidupnya di Britania Raya serta Amerika Serikat. Holmes pensiun dari Pengadilan pada usia 90 tahun, menjadikannya Hakim tertua dalam sejarah Pengadilan Tinggi. Ia juga menjabat sebaga (in) 올리버 웬들 홈스(Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1841년 3월 8일 ~ 1935년 3월 6일)는 미국의 법학자, 대법관이다. 종종 미국의 가장 위대한 법사상가로 꼽힌다. 1902년부터 1932년까지 미국 연방 대법원의 대법관을 역임했다. 대법관으로 활동하는 동안 간결하고 함축된 의견과 선출된 입법기관의 결정에 대한 존중으로 유명하며, 역사상 가장 많이 인용되는 대법관이기도 하다. 특히 명백 현존 위험에 대한 판결은 미국 영미법 판결 사상 가장 영향력있는 판결이다. 홈스는 90살의 나이로 역사상 가장 나이든 대법관으로 은퇴하였다. 또한 그는 매사추세츠 대법원의 대법관으로 일하였으며 하버드 로스쿨에서 교수를 역임하기도 했다. 뉴딜 시대에 일반적으로 보수적인 법관 속에 있으면서 자주 진보적인 소수 의견을 진술하여 미국의 법 및 법학의 발달에 기여하였다. 또 자유주의자로서 기본적 인권의 옹호에 노력하고 ‘명백하고도 합리적인 위험이 현존’하지 않는 한, 언론의 자유를 제한하는 것에 반대하였다. 프래그머티즘의 입장에서 구래(舊來)의 자연법사상을 타파하여 리얼리즘에의 길을 열었다. (ko) Олівер Венделл Голмс молодший (англ. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.; 8 березня 1841, Бостон — 6 березня 1935, Вашингтон) — американський теоретик та філософ права, судовий діяч, голова Верховного суду США, син відомого лікаря Олівера Венделла Голмса старшого. Олівер Венделл Голмс був американським юристом, який працював на посаді судді Верховного Суду США з 1902 по 1932, і виконував обов'язки голови суду Сполучених Штатів в січні-лютому 1930 року. Він відзначився довгим строком служби, стислими і змістовними правовими позиціями та повагою до рішень легіслатур. Його часто цитують, зокрема завдяки його позиції щодо запровадження тесту «явної і прямої загрози» у справі 1919 року Шенк проти США (Schenck v. United States). Голмс — один з найвпливовіших американських суддів загального права. За життя (uk)
rdfs:label Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (en) أوليفر وندل هولمز، الابن (ar) Oliver Wendell Holmes mladší (cs) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (de) Oliver Wendell Holmes (jurista) (es) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (in) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (fr) Oliver Wendell Holmes (giurista) (it) 올리버 웬들 홈스 주니어 (ko) オリバー・ウェンデル・ホームズ・ジュニア (ja) Oliver Wendell Holmes (nl) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (pl) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (pt) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (sv) Холмс, Оливер Уэнделл (младший) (ru) 小奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯 (zh) Олівер Венделл Голмс (молодший) (uk)
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