Chinese character classification (original) (raw)
Die sechs Kategorien der chinesischen Schrift (chinesisch 六書 / 六书, Pinyin liùshū; jap.: 漢字の六書 kanji no rikusho) sind die traditionellen sechs Hauptgruppen, nach denen chinesische Schriftzeichen gebildet werden. Sie werden nach dem ersten Zeichenlexikon der chinesischen Schrift, dem von Xu Shen zusammengestellten Shuowen Jiezi (chinesisch 說文解字 / 说文解字, Pinyin Shuōwén Jiězì, 2. Jahrhundert), in diese sechs Kategorien eingeteilt, basierend auf der Art und Weise, in der sie gebildet oder abgeleitet werden. Die Zahl der Zeichen, die in die einzelnen Kategorien fallen, hat sich in der Geschichte stark geändert. Genaueres findet sich weiter unten in einem gesonderten Abschnitt.
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| dbo:abstract | Die sechs Kategorien der chinesischen Schrift (chinesisch 六書 / 六书, Pinyin liùshū; jap.: 漢字の六書 kanji no rikusho) sind die traditionellen sechs Hauptgruppen, nach denen chinesische Schriftzeichen gebildet werden. Sie werden nach dem ersten Zeichenlexikon der chinesischen Schrift, dem von Xu Shen zusammengestellten Shuowen Jiezi (chinesisch 說文解字 / 说文解字, Pinyin Shuōwén Jiězì, 2. Jahrhundert), in diese sechs Kategorien eingeteilt, basierend auf der Art und Weise, in der sie gebildet oder abgeleitet werden. Die Zahl der Zeichen, die in die einzelnen Kategorien fallen, hat sich in der Geschichte stark geändert. Genaueres findet sich weiter unten in einem gesonderten Abschnitt. (de) All Chinese characters are logograms, but several different types can be identified, based on the manner in which they are formed or derived. There are a handful which derive from pictographs (象形; xiàngxíng) and a number which are ideographic (指事; zhǐshì) in origin, including compound ideographs (會意; huìyì), but the vast majority originated as phono-semantic compounds (形聲; xíngshēng). The other categories in the traditional system of classification are rebus or phonetic loan characters (假借; jiǎjiè) and "derivative cognates" (轉注; zhuǎn zhù). Modern scholars have proposed various revised systems, rejecting some of the traditional categories. In older literature, Chinese characters in general may be referred to as ideograms, due to the misconception that characters represented ideas directly, whereas some people assert that they do so only through association with the spoken word. (en) Todos los caracteres chinos o sinogramas son logogramas, pero hay muchos tipos derivados. Estos incluyen un puñado que se derivan de pictogramas(象形 pinyin: xiàngxíng) y un número de los cuales son ideográficos (指事 zhǐshì) en su origen, pero en su gran mayoría se originaron en compuestos -semánticos (形聲 xíngshēng). En la literatura antigua, los sinogramas en general pueden ser referidos como ideogramas, debido a la idea errónea de que los caracteres representan ideas directamente, mientras que de hecho lo hacen tan solo a través de asociación con la palabra hablada. Este artículo cubre por lo tanto el origen de estos sinogramas logográficos, no su función actual en el sistema de escritura chino. (es) L’étymologie des caractères chinois décrit l'origine des signes employés par l'écriture chinoise, c'est-à-dire la manière dont ils ont été composés ou dérivés, en relation avec leur sémantique originelle. Tous les caractères chinois sont des logogrammes, mais on peut en distinguer plusieurs types, suivant leur étymologie. Un petit nombre sont des pictogrammes (象形 pinyin : xiàngxíng) ; un plus grand nombre sont des idéogrammes au sens strict (指事 zhǐshì), généralement composés (會意 huìyì) ; mais une écrasante majorité sont des composés nommés idéophonogrammes (形聲 xíngshēng). Les systèmes de classification traditionnels distinguent de plus les emprunts phonétiques (假借 jiǎjiè) et les dérivations (轉注 zhuǎn zhù). Les universitaires modernes ont proposé divers systèmes de classification, rejetant certaines de ces catégories anciennes. (fr) 六書（りくしょ）とは、漢字の造字および運用の原理を6種類に分類したもの。すなわち、象形・指事・形声・会意・転注・仮借。前4種は造字法、転注・仮借は文字の転用法を説く。 (ja) 육서(六書, liùshū)는 한자를 여섯 가지로 분류한 것을 일컫는다. 한자는 기본적으로 표의문자에 속하나, 문자가 만들어지고 사용되는 방법에 따라서 더 자세하게 나눌 수 있다. 상형(象形), 지사(指事), 회의(會意), 형성(形聲), 전주(轉注), 가차(假借)의 여섯 가지를 육서라고 부른다. 한자에서 각 분류가 차지하는 비중은 상형자와 지사자가 가장 낮고, 형성자가 가장 높다. (ko) 六書是由漢代的學者把漢字的構成和使用方式歸納成的六種類型。六書說是最早的關於漢字構造的系統理論。漢字的形體構造分為內部結構和外形結構兩部分。內部結構指漢字的構造方法，或稱造字方法，傳統叫做六書：象形、指事、會意、形聲、轉注、假借，其中象形、指事是「造字法」，會意、形聲是「組字法」，轉注、假借是「用字法」。中國漢字中，形聲字佔最多。 (zh) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.grsampson.net/ARoc.pdf http://www.viahistoria.com/SilverHorde/main.html%3Fresearch/MongolScripts.html http://www.ancientscripts.com/chinese.html http://www.krysstal.com/writing_chinese.html https://archive.org/details/originsofchinese0000wang https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=fkc7AAAAIAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=s0U9AAAAYAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=wCYIywAACAAJ |
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| dbp:date | August 2019 (en) |
| dbp:reason | Right now the fifth category is phono-semantic compounds, which is definitely about structural composition and not usage. (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Hanja dbc:Chinese_characters dbc:Kanji |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Logograms |
| rdf:type | yago:WikicatChineseCharacters yago:Ability105616246 yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Creativity105624700 yago:FictionalCharacter109587565 yago:ImaginaryBeing109483738 yago:Imagination105625465 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 |
| rdfs:comment | Die sechs Kategorien der chinesischen Schrift (chinesisch 六書 / 六书, Pinyin liùshū; jap.: 漢字の六書 kanji no rikusho) sind die traditionellen sechs Hauptgruppen, nach denen chinesische Schriftzeichen gebildet werden. Sie werden nach dem ersten Zeichenlexikon der chinesischen Schrift, dem von Xu Shen zusammengestellten Shuowen Jiezi (chinesisch 說文解字 / 说文解字, Pinyin Shuōwén Jiězì, 2. Jahrhundert), in diese sechs Kategorien eingeteilt, basierend auf der Art und Weise, in der sie gebildet oder abgeleitet werden. Die Zahl der Zeichen, die in die einzelnen Kategorien fallen, hat sich in der Geschichte stark geändert. Genaueres findet sich weiter unten in einem gesonderten Abschnitt. (de) Todos los caracteres chinos o sinogramas son logogramas, pero hay muchos tipos derivados. Estos incluyen un puñado que se derivan de pictogramas(象形 pinyin: xiàngxíng) y un número de los cuales son ideográficos (指事 zhǐshì) en su origen, pero en su gran mayoría se originaron en compuestos -semánticos (形聲 xíngshēng). En la literatura antigua, los sinogramas en general pueden ser referidos como ideogramas, debido a la idea errónea de que los caracteres representan ideas directamente, mientras que de hecho lo hacen tan solo a través de asociación con la palabra hablada. Este artículo cubre por lo tanto el origen de estos sinogramas logográficos, no su función actual en el sistema de escritura chino. (es) 六書（りくしょ）とは、漢字の造字および運用の原理を6種類に分類したもの。すなわち、象形・指事・形声・会意・転注・仮借。前4種は造字法、転注・仮借は文字の転用法を説く。 (ja) 육서(六書, liùshū)는 한자를 여섯 가지로 분류한 것을 일컫는다. 한자는 기본적으로 표의문자에 속하나, 문자가 만들어지고 사용되는 방법에 따라서 더 자세하게 나눌 수 있다. 상형(象形), 지사(指事), 회의(會意), 형성(形聲), 전주(轉注), 가차(假借)의 여섯 가지를 육서라고 부른다. 한자에서 각 분류가 차지하는 비중은 상형자와 지사자가 가장 낮고, 형성자가 가장 높다. (ko) 六書是由漢代的學者把漢字的構成和使用方式歸納成的六種類型。六書說是最早的關於漢字構造的系統理論。漢字的形體構造分為內部結構和外形結構兩部分。內部結構指漢字的構造方法，或稱造字方法，傳統叫做六書：象形、指事、會意、形聲、轉注、假借，其中象形、指事是「造字法」，會意、形聲是「組字法」，轉注、假借是「用字法」。中國漢字中，形聲字佔最多。 (zh) All Chinese characters are logograms, but several different types can be identified, based on the manner in which they are formed or derived. There are a handful which derive from pictographs (象形; xiàngxíng) and a number which are ideographic (指事; zhǐshì) in origin, including compound ideographs (會意; huìyì), but the vast majority originated as phono-semantic compounds (形聲; xíngshēng). The other categories in the traditional system of classification are rebus or phonetic loan characters (假借; jiǎjiè) and "derivative cognates" (轉注; zhuǎn zhù). Modern scholars have proposed various revised systems, rejecting some of the traditional categories. (en) L’étymologie des caractères chinois décrit l'origine des signes employés par l'écriture chinoise, c'est-à-dire la manière dont ils ont été composés ou dérivés, en relation avec leur sémantique originelle. Tous les caractères chinois sont des logogrammes, mais on peut en distinguer plusieurs types, suivant leur étymologie. Un petit nombre sont des pictogrammes (象形 pinyin : xiàngxíng) ; un plus grand nombre sont des idéogrammes au sens strict (指事 zhǐshì), généralement composés (會意 huìyì) ; mais une écrasante majorité sont des composés nommés idéophonogrammes (形聲 xíngshēng). (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Sechs Kategorien chinesischer Schriftzeichen (de) Clasificación de caracteres chinos (es) Chinese character classification (en) Étymologie des caractères chinois (fr) 六書 (ja) 육서 (ko) 六書 (zh) |
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