Macedonian front (original) (raw)

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جبهة مقدونيا (بالإنجليزية: Macedonian front)‏ وتسمى أيضًا بجبهة سالونيك تشكلت نتيجة كمحاولة من جانب دول الحلفاء لمساعدة صربيا، في خريف عام 1915.

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dbo:abstract El Front de Macedònia de la Primera Guerra Mundial, també conegut com el Front de Salònica, es va formar com a resultat d'un intent de les potències aliades per ajudar a Sèrbia, a la tardor de 1915, contra l'atac combinat d'Alemanya, Àustria-Hongria i Bulgària. L'expedició de suport va arribar massa tard i amb una força insuficient per evitar la caiguda de Sèrbia, i la situació es va complicar més per la crisi política interna en Grècia (el «»). Amb el temps, es va establir un front estable, que anava des de la costa albanesa de l'Adriàtica fins al riu Estrimó, on es va enfrontar una contra l', que va ser en diverses ocasions reforçat amb unitats més petites d'altres països de les Potències Centrals. El front macedoni es va mantenir força estable, tot i les accions locals, fins a la gran ofensiva aliada al setembre de 1918, que va donar lloc a la i l'alliberament de Sèrbia. (ca) Soluňská či Makedonská fronta je termín, kterým se označuje oblast bojů na Balkáně během první světové války. Vznikla na podzim 1915 snahou Dohody pomoci Srbskému království v boji proti spojeným silám Německého císařství, Rakousko-Uherska a Bulharského carství. Posily Srbsku přišly příliš pozdě a v nedostatečném množství, takže nedokázaly pádu Srbska a jeho obsazení Ústředními mocnostmi zabránit. Navíc byla přítomnost dohodových jednotek komplikována politickou krizí v Řecku (v této době zde probíhal takzvaný ). Později se podařilo dohodovým vojskům stabilizovat frontu od pobřeží Jaderského moře v Albánii až po řeku Strumu tekoucí částmi Řecka a Bulharska. Již před vyřešením národního rozkolu se přidali k dohodovým vojskům i Řekové. Armády si po většinu času podél fronty podržely stejné postavení, a to až do září 1918, kdy začala spojenecká ofenzíva vedoucí ke kapitulaci Bulharska a osvobození Srbska. Na začátku tohoto měsíce totiž dostala vojska na Soluňské frontě rozkaz zahájit ofenzivu na území držené nepřítelem. Hlavní úder ve směru na , a začal 15. září. S mohutnou francouzskou pomocí byla brzy poražena bulharská armáda a německá vojska se dala na útěk. V rozhodujícím střetu u města Demir Kapija na jihu severní Makedonie pak byla rakousko-německá armáda poražena a postup srbských vojsk na sever překonával pochodové tempo. Další významný střet, ve kterém Němci a Rakušané opět prohráli, byla . Na konci října dosáhla srbská vojska spolu s francouzskými Bělehradu. Vzhledem k tomu, že se dohodová (srbská) vojska tím pádem nacházela na samé hranici Rakousko-Uherska a samotná monarchie byla v rozkladu (Československo vyhlásilo nezávislost 28. října 1918, Stát Slovinců, Chorvatů a Srbů dne 1. listopadu 1918), zažádali uherští představitelé v poslední možné chvíli o příměří. Dne 10. listopadu, deset dní po osvobození Bělehradu se totiž ještě francouzská armáda připravovala na překročení Dunaje a výpad do dolních Uher. (cs) جبهة مقدونيا (بالإنجليزية: Macedonian front)‏ وتسمى أيضًا بجبهة سالونيك تشكلت نتيجة كمحاولة من جانب دول الحلفاء لمساعدة صربيا، في خريف عام 1915. (ar) Το Μακεδονικό Μέτωπο, γνωστό και ως Μέτωπο της Θεσσαλονίκης, του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου άνοιξε στις 5 Οκτωβρίου του 1915 με την απόβαση της Γαλλικής Στρατιάς της Ανατολής της Τριπλής Συνεννόησης (Αντάντ) στη Θεσσαλονίκη με σκοπό να συνδράμει τη Σερβία που βρισκόταν εγκλωβισμένη από την τριπλή επίθεση της Γερμανίας, της Αυστροουγγαρίας, αλλά και της Βουλγαρίας που είχε μόλις προσχωρήσει στις Κεντρικές Δυνάμεις (Σεπτέμβριος του 1915), μέτωπο που παρέμεινε σχετικά σταθερό μέχρι τη νικηφόρα συμμαχική επίθεση, 3 χρόνια αργότερα, και που έληξε με την απελευθέρωση της Σερβίας και την παράδοση της Βουλγαρίας (Σεπτέμβριος και Νοέμβριος του 1918, αντίστοιχα). Η βοήθεια της Αντάντ έφθασε αργά και δεν απέτρεψε την πτώση της Σερβίας, ενώ η Συμμαχική εισβολή και Κατοχή της Βορείου Ελλάδας επιδείνωσε την εσωτερική πολιτική κρίση του Εθνικού Διχασμού. Το μέτωπο σταθεροποιήθηκε και επεκτάθηκε από την ακτή της Αδριατικής στην Αλβανία μέχρι τον ποταμό Στρυμόνα, με τους Γαλλοβρετανούς να συγκεντρώνουν τελικά μεγάλες δυνάμεις από τις συμμαχικές χώρες, Ιταλία και Ρωσία, μα κυρίως από την Ελλάδα και τη Σερβία, ώστε να διασπάσουν τον βουλγαρικό στρατό, ο οποίος λάμβανε ενισχύσεις αντίστοιχα από τις υπόλοιπες Κεντρικές Δυνάμεις. Αν και οι ίδιοι Γερμανοί επιτελάρχες παραδέχτηκαν πως η συμμαχική νίκη στο Μακεδονικό μέτωπο εναντίον της Βουλγαρίας, της Αυστρουγγαρίας και της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας συνέβαλε καθοριστικά στην κατάρευση των Γερμανίας, δεν αναγνωρίστηκε αυτό από τη Μεγάλη βρετανία. Επιπλέον, ενώ η ιστιοριογραφική παραγωγή για τα συμβάντα του Εθνικού Διχασμού ειναι πλούσια, και ενώ υπάρχουν πολλές πρωτογενείς καταγραφές από τους μετέχοντες στο μέτωπο, από διάφορες εθνικότητες, χώρες και εποχές, η ιστορική παραγωγή για τη πορεία του μετώπου παραμένει σημαντικά κατώτερη, αν τη συγκρίνουμε με την παραγωγή για τα υπόλοιπα μέτωπα του Α' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου. (el) Die Salonikifront, auch Mazedonische oder Makedonische Front, war ein Nebenkriegsschauplatz des Ersten Weltkriegs von 1915 bis 1918. Er entstand, als die Mittelmächte unter Einschluss Bulgariens im Herbst 1915 Serbien eroberten und die Entente mit Truppenlandungen in Thessaloniki zu Gunsten der verbündeten Serben intervenierte, so dass alle europäischen Großmächte in den südosteuropäischen Raum eindrangen. Im Laufe des Jahres 1916 wurde die Front daher in der Stellung zwischen dem Ohridsee und dem Strymonischen Golf an der Ägäis durch die Anlage gestaffelter Grabensysteme befestigt, in der neben Laufgräben, Maschinengewehrnestern, Artilleriestellungen und -fortifikationen aufgebaut wurden. Neben dem Einsatz von Luftschiffen durch die Mittelmächte zur Bombardierung Thessalonikis, wurden auch fast 300 Flugzeuge sowie in der (18./19. September 1918) schließlich auch Giftgasgranaten eingesetzt. Nachdem die Entente, nach langem Zögern ob des strategischen Nutzens eines massiven Truppeneinsatzes in Südosteuropa, für den Spätsommer 1918 unter der Federführung des serbischen und französischen Generalstabes Vorbereitungen zu einer großen Offensive beschlossen hatte, standen sich jeweils über 600.000 Soldaten gegenüber. Durch die Präsenz aller europäischen Entente-Verbündeten mit Ausnahme von Belgien und Portugal (Briten mit Australiern, Franzosen, Serben, Italiener, Russen, Albaner und Griechen) und die Anwesenheit von Kolonialtruppen aus Indochina und Schwarzafrika war die Ententestreitmacht durch eine auffällig große ethnische Heterogenität geprägt. Sie stand unter französischer Führung. Die hauptsächlich in der heutigen Republik Nordmazedonien und der griechischen Region Makedonien verlaufende Front war die Hauptfront der bulgarischen Armee im Ersten Weltkrieg auf Seiten der Mittelmächte, neben dem 1916 entstandenen rumänischen Kriegsschauplatz. Der Zusammenbruch dieser Front resultierte aus einer serbisch-französischen Offensive mit der (14.–17. September 1918). Sie führte zum raschen Durchbruch in den Rückraum der Salonikifront und der daraus resultierenden Auflösung der bulgarischen Armee. Dies bedeutete auch die nicht mehr abwendbare Niederlage der Mittelmächte. Es kam zu separaten Waffenstillstandsverträgen mit den Verbündeten Deutschlands (Bulgarien 29. September 1918, Osmanisches Reich 30. Oktober 1918, Österreich-Ungarn 3. November 1918 und 13. November 1918). Die Schlacht von Dobro polje zählt zu den wichtigsten Entscheidungsschlachten des Ersten Weltkrieges. In der Zwischenkriegszeit suchten revanchistische Kreise die Schuld für die deutsche Niederlage bei den Verbündeten Deutschlands und ihrer militärischen Unfähigkeit. (de) En el marco de la Primera Guerra Mundial, el frente macedonio (o frente de Salónica) hace referencia al intento de ayudar al Reino de Serbia por parte de los Aliados (principalmente Francia, Italia y Reino Unido) en el otoño de 1915, frente al ataque combinado de los ejércitos de Alemania, Austria-Hungría y Bulgaria, como parte de la Campaña de Serbia de 1915. (es) The Macedonian front, also known as the Salonica front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. The expedition came too late and in insufficient force to prevent the fall of Serbia, and was complicated by the internal political crisis in Greece (the "National Schism"). Eventually, a stable front was established, running from the Albanian Adriatic coast to the Struma River, pitting a multinational Allied force against the Bulgarian Army, which was at various times bolstered with smaller units from the other Central Powers. The Macedonian front remained quite stable, despite local actions, until the great Allied offensive in September 1918, which resulted in the capitulation of Bulgaria and the liberation of Serbia. (en) L'expédition de Salonique, aussi nommée Front d'Orient, Front de Salonique ou Front de Macédoine, est une opération menée par les armées alliées à partir du port grec macédonien de Salonique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Elle était destinée : * dans un premier temps, à soutenir l'armée serbe lors de l'invasion de la Serbie, à l'aide, notamment, des troupes évacuées des Dardanelles ; * dans un deuxième temps, à reconstituer cette armée après sa déroute à travers l'Albanie et son évacuation par les ports de la côte Adriatique ; * dans un troisième temps, à fixer les troupes des Empires centraux et des Bulgares, en particulier après la capitulation de la Russie à Brest-Litovsk ; * dans un quatrième temps, à ouvrir un front pour soulager la pression sur le front occidental et reconquérir les territoires perdus. (fr) Il fronte macedone (o fronte di Salonicco, o fronte meridionale) fu il risultato del tentativo delle potenze dell'Intesa di venire in soccorso della Serbia, nell'autunno del 1915, contro l'attacco combinato di Germania, Austria-Ungheria e Bulgaria. La spedizione arrivò tardi e con forze insufficienti ad evitare la caduta della Serbia e fu complicata dalla crisi politica interna in Grecia (il cosiddetto ""). Alla fine si formò un fronte stabile, che andava dalla costa adriatica albanese fino al fiume Strimone, contrapponendo una forza armata multinazionale contro gli imperi centrali. Il fronte macedone rimase abbastanza stabile, nonostante alcune azioni locali, fino alla grande offensiva dell'Intesa nel settembre del 1918, cui seguì la capitolazione della Bulgaria e la liberazione della Serbia. (it) Front salonicki również front macedoński – jeden z frontów I wojny światowej, powstały jesienią 1915 roku celem wojskowego wsparcia królestwa Serbii, walczącego przeciw połączonym siłom państw centralnych przez członków Ententy. Ekspedycja przybyła za późno, aby skutecznie przeciwdziałać upadkowi Serbii, dodatkowo jej sytuację skomplikował kryzys polityczny w Grecji. Ostatecznie ustaliła się stabilna linia zmagań biegnąca od Albanii nad Morzem Adriatyckim do rzeki Strumy. Front został przerwany we wrześniu 1918 roku zdecydowaną ofensywą sprzymierzonych, a jego efektem była kapitulacja Bułgarii i wyzwolenie Serbii. (pl) Салоникский фронт 1915—1918 (серб. Солунски фронт, англ. Macedonian Front) — фронт боевых действий, возникший в Первую мировую войну в октябре — ноябре 1915 года после высадки в Салониках, на территории Греции, англо-французского экспедиционного корпуса. Именно на этом фронте произошли первые братания Первой мировой войны между болгарскими и русскими солдатами. (ru) A Frente da Macedônia da Primeira Guerra Mundial, também conhecida como Frente de Salônica (por conta de Salônica), foi formada como resultado de uma tentativa dos Aliados de ajudar a Sérvia, no outono de 1915, contra o ataque combinado do Império Alemão, da Áustria-Hungria e da Bulgária. A expedição chegou tarde demais e com força insuficiente para evitar a queda da Sérvia e foi complicada pela crise política interna na Grécia (o "Cisma Nacional"). Eventualmente, uma frente estável foi estabelecida, passando da costa adriática albanesa para o rio Struma, enfrentando uma força multinacional aliada contra o exército búlgaro, que foi em vários momentos reforçada com unidades menores das outras Potências Centrais. A Frente da Macedônia manteve-se bastante estável, apesar das ações locais, até a grande ofensiva aliada em setembro de 1918, que resultou na capitulação da Bulgária e na libertação da Sérvia. (pt) 馬其頓戰役(法語:Front de Macédoine)也稱薩洛尼卡戰役(Expédition de Salonique)是第一次世界大戰一個軍事戰區,由法國為首協約國在1915年秋試圖援助塞爾維亞時所建立的,但遠征軍來的時間過晚且兵力不足。 最終法軍成功建立了穩定的戰線,而馬其頓戰役大多時間都處於僵持階段。但於1918年9月,由法國將軍路易·弗朗谢·德斯佩雷發動的大規模攻勢,導致了保加利亞的投降和同盟國 (第一次世界大戰)南部戰線的崩潰。 (zh) Салонікський фронт 1915—1918 — фронт бойових дій, що виник у Першу світову війну в жовтні-листопаді 1915 року після висадки в Салоніках, на території Королівства Греція, британо-французького експедиційного корпусу. Фронт створений для надання допомоги сербській армії і спільної боротьби із австро-німецько-болгарським наступом на Королівство Сербія. (uk)
dbo:causalties Unknown "A few thousand" 200,000 total casualties
dbo:combatant Greece Central Powers: Allied Powers:
dbo:commander dbr:Petar_Bojović dbr:Maurice_Sarrail dbr:Friedrich_von_Scholtz dbr:Georgi_Todorov_(general) dbr:Stefan_Nerezov dbr:Živojin_Mišić dbr:August_von_Mackensen dbr:Bryan_Mahon dbr:Abdul_Kerim_Pasha dbr:Adolphe_Guillaumat dbr:Nikola_Zhekov dbr:Otto_von_Below dbr:Panagiotis_Danglis dbr:Karl_von_Pflanzer-Baltin dbr:Dimitar_Geshov dbr:Kliment_Boyadzhiev dbr:Franchet_d'Esperey dbr:George_Milne
dbo:date 1915-10-21 (xsd:date)
dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict dbr:Balkans_campaign_(World_War_I)
dbo:place dbr:Macedonia_(region)
dbo:result Allied victory *Armistice of Salonica
dbo:strength Unknown 1918 18,000 men 550,000 men (Dec. 1916 – May 1917), 1,217 artillery pieces 2,609 artillery pieces 2,682 machine guns 2,710 machine guns 200 aeroplanes 29,000 men 30 aeroplanes 6,434 automatic rifles 717,000 men afterwards 4,300 (until May 1918).
dbo:thumbnail wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Entente_on_the_Balkans.jpg?width=300
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dbp:caption From left to right: Allied soldiers from Indochina, France, Senegal, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Greece, and India. (en)
dbp:casualties 10538 (xsd:integer) 26207 (xsd:integer) 27000 (xsd:integer) 70000 (xsd:integer) 200000 (xsd:integer) Unknown (en) "A few thousand" (en) c. 40,000 total casualties (en)
dbp:combatant Greece (en) Central Powers: (en) Allied Powers: (en)
dbp:commander (en) Abdul Kerim Pasha (en) Georgi Todorov (en) George Milne (en) August von Mackensen (en) Adolphe Guillaumat (en) Bryan Mahon (en) Dimitar Geshov (en) Friedrich von Scholtz (en) Kliment Boyadzhiev (en) Maurice Sarrail (en) Nikola Zhekov (en) Otto von Below (en) Panagiotis Danglis (en) Petar Bojović (en) Stefan Nerezov (en) Živojin Mišić (en) Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin (en) Louis F. d'Esperey (en)
dbp:conflict Macedonian front (en)
dbp:date 0001-10-21 (xsd:gMonthDay) (en)
dbp:imageSize 300 (xsd:integer)
dbp:partof the Balkans theatre (en)
dbp:place dbr:Macedonia_(region)
dbp:result Allied victory *Armistice of Salonica (en)
dbp:strength 30 (xsd:integer) 200 (xsd:integer) 1217 (xsd:integer) 1918 (xsd:integer) 2609 (xsd:integer) 2682 (xsd:integer) 2710 (xsd:integer) 6434 (xsd:integer) 18000 (xsd:integer) 29000 (xsd:integer) 550000 (xsd:integer) 717000 (xsd:integer) , (en) Unknown (en) afterwards 4,300 . (en)
dbp:units Ottoman XX CorpsArmy Group Albania (en) Army Group Scholtz *11th German Army *1st Bulgarian Army 2nd Bulgarian Army (en) Allied Army of the Orient *Armée d'Orient *1st Serbian Army *2nd Serbian Army *3rd Serbian Army *British Salonika Army *National Defence Army *35th Italian Division *Russian Expeditionary Force Italian XVI Corps (en)
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dct:subject dbc:Bulgaria_in_World_War_I dbc:Macedonian_front dbc:Greece_in_World_War_I dbc:Modern_history_of_the_Balkans dbc:Military_history_of_Thessaloniki dbc:Vardar_Macedonia_(1912–1918) dbc:Battle_honours_of_the_King's_Royal_Rifle_Corps dbc:European_theatre_of_World_War_I dbc:Military_campaigns_and_theatres_of_World_War_I_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire dbc:Wars_involving_the_Balkans dbc:Modern_history_of_Greek_Macedonia dbc:Campaigns_and_theatres_of_World_War_I dbc:Albania_in_World_War_I dbc:Serbia_in_World_War_I
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rdfs:comment جبهة مقدونيا (بالإنجليزية: Macedonian front)‏ وتسمى أيضًا بجبهة سالونيك تشكلت نتيجة كمحاولة من جانب دول الحلفاء لمساعدة صربيا، في خريف عام 1915. (ar) En el marco de la Primera Guerra Mundial, el frente macedonio (o frente de Salónica) hace referencia al intento de ayudar al Reino de Serbia por parte de los Aliados (principalmente Francia, Italia y Reino Unido) en el otoño de 1915, frente al ataque combinado de los ejércitos de Alemania, Austria-Hungría y Bulgaria, como parte de la Campaña de Serbia de 1915. (es) Front salonicki również front macedoński – jeden z frontów I wojny światowej, powstały jesienią 1915 roku celem wojskowego wsparcia królestwa Serbii, walczącego przeciw połączonym siłom państw centralnych przez członków Ententy. Ekspedycja przybyła za późno, aby skutecznie przeciwdziałać upadkowi Serbii, dodatkowo jej sytuację skomplikował kryzys polityczny w Grecji. Ostatecznie ustaliła się stabilna linia zmagań biegnąca od Albanii nad Morzem Adriatyckim do rzeki Strumy. Front został przerwany we wrześniu 1918 roku zdecydowaną ofensywą sprzymierzonych, a jego efektem była kapitulacja Bułgarii i wyzwolenie Serbii. (pl) Салоникский фронт 1915—1918 (серб. Солунски фронт, англ. Macedonian Front) — фронт боевых действий, возникший в Первую мировую войну в октябре — ноябре 1915 года после высадки в Салониках, на территории Греции, англо-французского экспедиционного корпуса. Именно на этом фронте произошли первые братания Первой мировой войны между болгарскими и русскими солдатами. (ru) 馬其頓戰役(法語:Front de Macédoine)也稱薩洛尼卡戰役(Expédition de Salonique)是第一次世界大戰一個軍事戰區,由法國為首協約國在1915年秋試圖援助塞爾維亞時所建立的,但遠征軍來的時間過晚且兵力不足。 最終法軍成功建立了穩定的戰線,而馬其頓戰役大多時間都處於僵持階段。但於1918年9月,由法國將軍路易·弗朗谢·德斯佩雷發動的大規模攻勢,導致了保加利亞的投降和同盟國 (第一次世界大戰)南部戰線的崩潰。 (zh) Салонікський фронт 1915—1918 — фронт бойових дій, що виник у Першу світову війну в жовтні-листопаді 1915 року після висадки в Салоніках, на території Королівства Греція, британо-французького експедиційного корпусу. Фронт створений для надання допомоги сербській армії і спільної боротьби із австро-німецько-болгарським наступом на Королівство Сербія. (uk) El Front de Macedònia de la Primera Guerra Mundial, també conegut com el Front de Salònica, es va formar com a resultat d'un intent de les potències aliades per ajudar a Sèrbia, a la tardor de 1915, contra l'atac combinat d'Alemanya, Àustria-Hongria i Bulgària. El front macedoni es va mantenir força estable, tot i les accions locals, fins a la gran ofensiva aliada al setembre de 1918, que va donar lloc a la i l'alliberament de Sèrbia. (ca) Soluňská či Makedonská fronta je termín, kterým se označuje oblast bojů na Balkáně během první světové války. Vznikla na podzim 1915 snahou Dohody pomoci Srbskému království v boji proti spojeným silám Německého císařství, Rakousko-Uherska a Bulharského carství. Posily Srbsku přišly příliš pozdě a v nedostatečném množství, takže nedokázaly pádu Srbska a jeho obsazení Ústředními mocnostmi zabránit. Navíc byla přítomnost dohodových jednotek komplikována politickou krizí v Řecku (v této době zde probíhal takzvaný ). Později se podařilo dohodovým vojskům stabilizovat frontu od pobřeží Jaderského moře v Albánii až po řeku Strumu tekoucí částmi Řecka a Bulharska. Již před vyřešením národního rozkolu se přidali k dohodovým vojskům i Řekové. (cs) Το Μακεδονικό Μέτωπο, γνωστό και ως Μέτωπο της Θεσσαλονίκης, του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου άνοιξε στις 5 Οκτωβρίου του 1915 με την απόβαση της Γαλλικής Στρατιάς της Ανατολής της Τριπλής Συνεννόησης (Αντάντ) στη Θεσσαλονίκη με σκοπό να συνδράμει τη Σερβία που βρισκόταν εγκλωβισμένη από την τριπλή επίθεση της Γερμανίας, της Αυστροουγγαρίας, αλλά και της Βουλγαρίας που είχε μόλις προσχωρήσει στις Κεντρικές Δυνάμεις (Σεπτέμβριος του 1915), μέτωπο που παρέμεινε σχετικά σταθερό μέχρι τη νικηφόρα συμμαχική επίθεση, 3 χρόνια αργότερα, και που έληξε με την απελευθέρωση της Σερβίας και την παράδοση της Βουλγαρίας (Σεπτέμβριος και Νοέμβριος του 1918, αντίστοιχα). (el) Die Salonikifront, auch Mazedonische oder Makedonische Front, war ein Nebenkriegsschauplatz des Ersten Weltkriegs von 1915 bis 1918. Er entstand, als die Mittelmächte unter Einschluss Bulgariens im Herbst 1915 Serbien eroberten und die Entente mit Truppenlandungen in Thessaloniki zu Gunsten der verbündeten Serben intervenierte, so dass alle europäischen Großmächte in den südosteuropäischen Raum eindrangen. Im Laufe des Jahres 1916 wurde die Front daher in der Stellung zwischen dem Ohridsee und dem Strymonischen Golf an der Ägäis durch die Anlage gestaffelter Grabensysteme befestigt, in der neben Laufgräben, Maschinengewehrnestern, Artilleriestellungen und -fortifikationen aufgebaut wurden. Neben dem Einsatz von Luftschiffen durch die Mittelmächte zur Bombardierung Thessalonikis, wurden auc (de) The Macedonian front, also known as the Salonica front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. The expedition came too late and in insufficient force to prevent the fall of Serbia, and was complicated by the internal political crisis in Greece (the "National Schism"). Eventually, a stable front was established, running from the Albanian Adriatic coast to the Struma River, pitting a multinational Allied force against the Bulgarian Army, which was at various times bolstered with smaller units from the other Central Powers. The Macedonian front remained quite stable, despite local actions, until the great Allied o (en) L'expédition de Salonique, aussi nommée Front d'Orient, Front de Salonique ou Front de Macédoine, est une opération menée par les armées alliées à partir du port grec macédonien de Salonique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Elle était destinée : (fr) Il fronte macedone (o fronte di Salonicco, o fronte meridionale) fu il risultato del tentativo delle potenze dell'Intesa di venire in soccorso della Serbia, nell'autunno del 1915, contro l'attacco combinato di Germania, Austria-Ungheria e Bulgaria. La spedizione arrivò tardi e con forze insufficienti ad evitare la caduta della Serbia e fu complicata dalla crisi politica interna in Grecia (il cosiddetto ""). Alla fine si formò un fronte stabile, che andava dalla costa adriatica albanese fino al fiume Strimone, contrapponendo una forza armata multinazionale contro gli imperi centrali. Il fronte macedone rimase abbastanza stabile, nonostante alcune azioni locali, fino alla grande offensiva dell'Intesa nel settembre del 1918, cui seguì la capitolazione della Bulgaria e la liberazione della Ser (it) A Frente da Macedônia da Primeira Guerra Mundial, também conhecida como Frente de Salônica (por conta de Salônica), foi formada como resultado de uma tentativa dos Aliados de ajudar a Sérvia, no outono de 1915, contra o ataque combinado do Império Alemão, da Áustria-Hungria e da Bulgária. A expedição chegou tarde demais e com força insuficiente para evitar a queda da Sérvia e foi complicada pela crise política interna na Grécia (o "Cisma Nacional"). Eventualmente, uma frente estável foi estabelecida, passando da costa adriática albanesa para o rio Struma, enfrentando uma força multinacional aliada contra o exército búlgaro, que foi em vários momentos reforçada com unidades menores das outras Potências Centrais. A Frente da Macedônia manteve-se bastante estável, apesar das ações locais, até (pt)
rdfs:label Macedonian front (en) جبهة مقدونيا (ar) Front de Macedònia (ca) Soluňská fronta (cs) Salonikifront (de) Μακεδονικό Μέτωπο (Α΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος) (el) Frente macedonio (es) Expédition de Salonique (fr) Fronte macedone (it) Front salonicki (pl) Frente da Macedônia (pt) Салоникский фронт (ru) Салоніцький фронт (uk) 馬其頓戰役 (zh)
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foaf:name Macedonian front (en)
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