Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (original) (raw)

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Ferdinand I., celý titul kníže Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria Sasko-Kobursko-Gothajský (26. února 1861 Vídeň – 10. září 1948 Koburg), byl v letech 1887–1908 bulharský kníže a v letech 1908–1918 bulharský car. Byl také spisovatel, botanik a filatelista. Bulharsko pod jeho vedením na přelomu 19. a 20. století zažilo největší, dokonce nejrychlejší rozvoj oproti ostatním sousedním zemím. Velkou zásluhu na tom měla rychlá modernizace země, jejímž byl car Ferdinand zastáncem. Byl následníkem knížete, prince Alexandra I., kterého vystřídal na trůně právě ve chvíli, kdy se zdálo, že bulharský stát čeká velký rozvoj. Během jeho vlády země učinila značný pokrok v mnoha sférách – politické, ekonomické, kulturní, jakož i vojenské.

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dbo:abstract الملك فرديناند الأول (26 فبراير 1861 - 10 سبتمبر 1948)، ملك وقيصر بلغاريا (1908 - 1918) . ولد باسم الأمير فرديناند ماكسيملان كارل ليوبولد ماريا ساكس كوبيرغ وغوثا. بالإضافة إلى كونه ملك بلغاريا، كان كاتبًا وعالم نبات، وجامع طوابع. توفي في ألمانيا ودفن هناك في كنيسة القديس أوغسطين الكاثوليكية. وزوجته مارى لويز أميرة بلغاريا (1893-1899) وزوجته السيدة اليانور رويس ملكة بلغاريا (1908-1917) وأمه كليمنتين بنت ملك فرنسا لويس فيليب الأول وبنت ملكة فرنسا ماري أملي وخالته ملكة بلجيكا لويز زوجته ملك بلجيكا ليوبولد الأول وأولاد خالته ملك بلجيكا ليوبولد الثاني وإمبراطورة المكسيك شارلوت زوجته إمبراطور المكسيك ماكسيميليان الأول وجد قيصر بلغاريا سيميون الثاني. أعلن استقلال بلغاريا التام عن الدولة العثمانية عام 1908. لعب دور بارز في إنشاء العصبة البلقانية عام 1912. في عهده خاضت بلغاريا غمار الحربين البلقانيتين الأولى والثانية، ودخلت الحرب العالمية الأولى إلى جانب ألمانيا وحلفائها. تخلى عن العرش لابنه القيصر بوريس الثالث عام 1918. (ar) Ferdinand I., celý titul kníže Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria Sasko-Kobursko-Gothajský (26. února 1861 Vídeň – 10. září 1948 Koburg), byl v letech 1887–1908 bulharský kníže a v letech 1908–1918 bulharský car. Byl také spisovatel, botanik a filatelista. Bulharsko pod jeho vedením na přelomu 19. a 20. století zažilo největší, dokonce nejrychlejší rozvoj oproti ostatním sousedním zemím. Velkou zásluhu na tom měla rychlá modernizace země, jejímž byl car Ferdinand zastáncem. Byl následníkem knížete, prince Alexandra I., kterého vystřídal na trůně právě ve chvíli, kdy se zdálo, že bulharský stát čeká velký rozvoj. Během jeho vlády země učinila značný pokrok v mnoha sférách – politické, ekonomické, kulturní, jakož i vojenské. (cs) Ferran de Bulgària (Viena, 26 de febrer de 1861 - , Coburg, 10 de setembre de 1948) fou príncep de Saxònia-Coburg Gotha i duc a Saxònia nascut amb el tractament d'altesa sereníssima arribà a ocupar el tron de Bulgària després del cop d'estat pro-rus en contra del príncep Alexandre de Battenberg. (ca) Ferdinand I. (* 26. Februar 1861 als Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha in Wien; † 10. September 1948 in Coburg) aus der Dynastie Sachsen-Coburg-Koháry der Wettiner war ab 1887 Knjaz (Fürst) und von 1908 bis 1918 Zar von Bulgarien. (de) Ο Φερδινάνδος Α΄ της Βουλγαρίας (Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мария Сакскобургготски, 26 Φεβρουαρίου 1861 - 10 Σεπτεμβρίου 1948) ήταν πρίγκιπας της Σαξονίας-Κόμπουργκ, πρίγκιπας της Βουλγαρίας από το 1887 έως το 1908 και βασιλιάς και τσάρος της Βουλγαρίας από το 1908 έως το 1918. (el) Ferdinand (Bulgarian: Фердинанд I; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948), born Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мария Сакс-Кобург и Гота), was the second monarch of the Third Bulgarian State, firstly as ruling prince (knyaz) from 1887 to 1908, and later as king (tsar) from 1908 until his abdication in 1918. Under his rule Bulgaria entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in 1915. (en) Fernando I.a (bulgarieraz: Фердинанд I Български; Viena, Austria-Hungaria, 1861eko otsailaren 26a - Coburg, Alemania, 1948ko irailaren 10a), Saxonia-Koburgo-Gothako printzea, Bulgariako erregea izan zen 1887-1918 bitartean. (eu) Fernando I de Bulgaria (en búlgaro: Ferdinand I - Фердинанд I; Viena, 26 de febrero de 1861-Coburgo,10 de septiembre de 1948), fue príncipe y más tarde zar de Bulgaria. Durante su largo reinado, Bulgaria proclamó la independencia del Imperio otomano y participó en diversas guerras para ampliar su territorio. Se vio forzado a abdicar tras la derrota del país en la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1918 y vivió desde entonces en el exilio hasta su muerte en 1948. (es) Ferdinand I (Bulgaria : Фердинанд I ; 26 Februari 1861 - 10 September 1948), nama lahir Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria dari Saxe-Coburg dan Gotha , adalah penguasa pertama dari Kerajaan Bulgaria Ketiga, gelar awalnya sebagai pangeran (knyaz) yang berkuasa dari tahun 1887 hingga 1908, dan kemudian sebagai raja (tsar) dari tahun 1908 hingga turun tahta pada tahun 1918. Di bawah pemerintahannya Bulgaria memasuki Perang Dunia Pertama di sisi Kekuatan Sentral pada tahun 1915. (in) Ferdinand Ier (en bulgare : Фердинанд I) est né le 26 février 1861 à Vienne en Autriche et mort le 10 septembre 1948 à Cobourg en Allemagne. Prince de la maison de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, il est élu prince de Bulgarie en 1887 puis prend le titre de tsar des Bulgares en 1908. Il abdique et laisse le trône de Bulgarie à son fils aîné Boris en 1918. (fr) フェルディナント(ブルガリア語: Фердинанд I, ラテン文字転写: Ferdinand I、1861年2月26日 - 1948年9月10日)は、ブルガリア公(クニャズ、在位:1887年7月7日 - 1908年10月5日)、後にブルガリア国王(ツァール、在位:1908年10月5日 - 1918年10月3日)。 (ja) Ferdinand Maximiliaan Karel Leopold Marie van Saksen-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (Bulgaars: Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мария Сакскобургготски) (Wenen, 26 februari 1861 — Coburg, 10 september 1948), prins van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha, hertog van Saksen, was vanaf 1887 vorst en van 1908 tot 1918 tsaar (koning) van Bulgarije. Hij was de zoon van August van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha en Clementine van Orléans, een dochter van Lodewijk Filips. Naast monarch was hij ook schrijver, botanicus en postzegelverzamelaar. Ferdinand werd op 7 juli 1887, tien maanden na het aftreden van zijn voorganger Alexander van Battenberg, door de Bulgaren tot soeverein vorst gekozen. Niemand verwachtte echter dat hij lang aan de macht zou blijven. Hij was de Oostenrijkse kandidaat voor Bulgarije en Rusland weigerde hem dan ook te erkennen. Bovendien was hij een Duits katholiek te midden van oosters-orthodoxen. Op 20 april 1893 trad Ferdinand in het huwelijk met Maria Louisa van Bourbon-Parma, dochter van Robert I van Parma. Een jaar later werd zijn zoon en troonopvolger Boris geboren en katholiek gedoopt. Dit had hij namelijk zijn katholieke vrouw beloofd. Bovendien leek het Ferdinand opportuun om zijn onafhankelijkheid ten opzichte van de Orthodoxe Kerk te tonen. Uit dit huwelijk werden vier kinderen geboren: * Boris Clemens Robert Maria Pius Lodewijk Stanislaus Xavier (1894-1943) * Cyril Hendrik Frans Lodewijk Anton Karel Filips (1895-1945) * Eudoxia Augusta Philippine Clementine Maria (1898-1985) * Nadejda Clementine Maria Pia Majella (1899-1958). Maria Louisa stierf op 31 januari 1899 en op 28 februari 1908 hertrouwde Ferdinand met Eleonore Caroline Gasparine Louise van Reuss-Köstritz. De binnenlandse politiek werd in zijn eerste jaren gedomineerd door de heerszuchtige liberale partijleider . Diens buitenlandbeleid maakte de verhouding met Rusland er niet beter op. In mei 1894 echter ontsloeg Ferdinand Stambolov (in juni 1895 vermoord). Dit maakte verzoening met Rusland mogelijk, zeker toen de jonge prins Boris in februari 1896 orthodox werd herdoopt. Datzelfde jaar erkende tsaar Nicolaas II van Rusland Ferdinand als heerser over Bulgarije. Het Bulgaarse vorstendom stond officieel nog onder suzereiniteit van het Ottomaanse Rijk. Ferdinand streefde volledige onafhankelijkheid na en stelde, al naargelang de politieke wind waaide, pro-Oostenrijkse en pro-Russische regeringen samen. In datzelfde jaar had Oostenrijk Bulgaarse steun nodig voor de annexatie van Bosnië en Herzegovina en gaf Ferdinand solide diplomatieke hulp tegen de Ottomanen. Zich gesteund wetende riep Ferdinand zich op 5 oktober uit tot tsaar van alle Bulgaren. In de Balkanoorlogen van 1912 en 1913 veroverden Bulgarije, Servië, Montenegro en Griekenland grote stukken grondgebied van de Ottomanen. Bulgarije, Servië en Griekenland werden het echter niet eens over de verdeling van Macedonië. Onverwachts keerden de machtige Interne Macedonische Revolutionaire Organisatie en legeraanvoerders zich tegen Ferdinand en stelden hem een ultimatum: als hij zijn opmars in Macedonië niet zou hervatten zou hij worden afgezet. Ferdinand gaf toe en viel in juni 1913 zijn vroegere bondgenoten aan, maar werd verslagen. Hij kreeg slechts onbelangrijke delen van Macedonië toegewezen. In de Eerste Wereldoorlog sloot Bulgarije zich aan bij Duitsland, Oostenrijk en Turkije. De oorlog verliep voorspoedig, maar aan het eind kwam de nederlaag toch snel voor de Bulgaren en in september 1918 werd in het stadje Radomir de republiek uitgeroepen met Aleksandar Stambolijski als president. Na een korte burgeroorlog werd de gevestigde orde weer hersteld. Om de monarchie te redden, zag Ferdinand zich wel genoodzaakt om af te treden (3 oktober 1918) ten gunste van zijn zoon Boris III. Toen Ferdinand in 1948 als een gebroken man te Coburg, de wieg van de dynastie van Saksen-Coburg-Gotha stierf, was hij het laatste overlevende kleinkind van koning Lodewijk Filips I van Frankrijk. Het koninkrijk Bulgarije was toen al afgeschaft en vervangen door een communistische volksrepubliek. Zijn kleinzoon Simeon II, Boris' opvolger, was toen al afgezet door de communisten. (nl) 페르디난드 1세(불가리아어: Фердинанд I, 1861년 2월 26일 ~ 1948년 9월 10일)는 불가리아의 제 1대 차르이다. 본명은 Prince Ferdinand Maximilan Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha이다. 오스트리아의 수도인 빈에서 태어났으며, 작센코부르크고타 가의 분가인 코하리 가 출신이다. 1886년에 불가리아의 군주로 취임, 32년간 재위했다. 제1차 세계 대전 때 불가리아는 동맹국으로 참전하였으나, 가장 먼저 연합국에 항복하였다. 그래서 패전의 책임을 지고 왕위를 장남인 보리스 3세에게 넘겨주었다. 나중에 자신은 독일 코부르크로 망명해, 그 곳에서 죽었다. 로베르토 1세 디 부르봉파르마와 의 장녀 와 결혼했다. * 보리스 3세(1894 ~ 1943) * (1895 ~ 1945) * (1898 ~ 1985) * (1899 ~ 1958) (ko) Ferdinando I di Bulgaria (in bulgaro: Фердинанд I Сакскобургготски?, traslitterato in Ferdinand I Sakskoburggotski; Vienna, 26 febbraio 1861 – Coburgo, 10 settembre 1948) è stato il principe reggente dal 1887 al 1908, e zar di Bulgaria dal 1908 al 1918, nonché un noto appassionato di botanica e filatelia. (it) Fernando I (Viena, 26 de fevereiro de 1861 – Coburgo, 10 de setembro de 1948) foi o Príncipe da Bulgária de sua eleição em 1887 até 1908 quando o país foi elevado a reino, continuando a reinar como Czar da Bulgária até sua abdicação em 1918. Sob seu governo, a Bulgária entrou na Primeira Guerra Mundial ao lado dos Impérios Centrais em 1915. Era filho do príncipe Augusto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gota e sua esposa a princesa Clementina de Orléans. (pt) Ferdynand, niem. Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha-Koháry, bułg. Фердинанд I Сакскобургготски, pol. Ferdynand Maksymilian Karol Leopold Maria Koburg-Koháry (ur. 26 lutego 1861 w Wiedniu, zm. 10 września 1948 w Coburgu) – książę w 1887–1908, następnie car Bułgarów w 1908–1918; wywodził się z dynastii koburskiej, zakładając własną gałąź . (pl) Фердинанд I (до 1887 года принц Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леопольд Мария Саксен-Кобург-Готский; 26 февраля 1861 — 10 сентября 1948) — князь Болгарии с 7 июля 1887 года, затем царь Болгарии (основатель Третьего Болгарского царства) с 22 сентября 1908 года по 3 октября 1918 года, из Саксен-Кобург-Готской династии. По матери внук короля французов Луи-Филиппа I, по отцу внук Фердинанда Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдского. Известен также как ботаник, энтомолог и филателист. (ru) Ferdinand I, tsar av Bulgarien, född 26 februari 1861, död 10 september 1948, född prins Ferdinand Maximilan Karl Leopold Maria av Sachsen-Coburg och Gotha, var regent av Bulgarien samt författare, botanist och filatelist. (sv) 斐迪南一世(保加利亞語:Фердинанд I,1861年2月26日-1948年9月10日),全名斐迪南·马克西米利安·卡尔·利奥波德·马利亞·萨克森-科堡-哥达斯基(保加利亞語:Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мари Сакскобургготски),保加利亞王國首任沙皇。 (zh) Фердинанд І Кобург (нім. Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha; болг. Фердинанд I (Ferdynand Maksymilian Karol Leopold Maria Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha; 26 лютого 1861, Відень, Австро-Угорщина — 8 вересня 1948, Кобург, Окупована союзниками Німеччина) — князь і цар Болгарії (1887—1918) німецького походження. Офіцер королівської угорської армії. Відомий також як ботанік, ентомолог і філателіст. (uk)
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dbp:birthDate 1861-02-26 (xsd:date)
dbp:birthPlace dbr:Vienna dbr:Austrian_Empire
dbp:burialPlace dbr:St._Augustin,_Coburg
dbp:caption Ferdinand in 1912 (en)
dbp:deathDate 1948-09-10 (xsd:date)
dbp:deathPlace dbr:Coburg dbr:Allied-occupied_Germany
dbp:dipstyle dbr:Majesty
dbp:father dbr:Prince_August_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha
dbp:fullName (en) Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria (en)
dbp:house dbr:House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha-Koháry
dbp:last dbr:Constantine_II_of_Bulgaria
dbp:mother dbr:Princess_Clémentine_of_Orléans
dbp:name Ferdinand (en)
dbp:offstyle Your Majesty (en)
dbp:predecessor dbr:Alexander_of_Bulgaria Himself as Prince (en)
dbp:reason Bulgarian independence (en) De jure independence (en) Ottoman rule (en) Proclaimed tsar (en)
dbp:reign 0001-07-07 (xsd:gMonthDay) 0001-10-05 (xsd:gMonthDay) 1918-10-03 (xsd:date) (en)
dbp:religion dbr:Roman_Catholic
dbp:royalName King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (en)
dbp:signature BASA-600К-1-1860-1-Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, signature, 1889.jpg (en)
dbp:succession dbr:Tsar_of_Bulgaria dbr:Prince_of_Bulgaria
dbp:successor dbr:Boris_III_of_Bulgaria Himself as Tsar (en)
dbp:title dbr:Tsar_of_Bulgaria dbr:Prince_of_Bulgaria Governor-general of Eastern Rumelia (en)
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rdfs:comment Ferdinand I., celý titul kníže Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria Sasko-Kobursko-Gothajský (26. února 1861 Vídeň – 10. září 1948 Koburg), byl v letech 1887–1908 bulharský kníže a v letech 1908–1918 bulharský car. Byl také spisovatel, botanik a filatelista. Bulharsko pod jeho vedením na přelomu 19. a 20. století zažilo největší, dokonce nejrychlejší rozvoj oproti ostatním sousedním zemím. Velkou zásluhu na tom měla rychlá modernizace země, jejímž byl car Ferdinand zastáncem. Byl následníkem knížete, prince Alexandra I., kterého vystřídal na trůně právě ve chvíli, kdy se zdálo, že bulharský stát čeká velký rozvoj. Během jeho vlády země učinila značný pokrok v mnoha sférách – politické, ekonomické, kulturní, jakož i vojenské. (cs) Ferran de Bulgària (Viena, 26 de febrer de 1861 - , Coburg, 10 de setembre de 1948) fou príncep de Saxònia-Coburg Gotha i duc a Saxònia nascut amb el tractament d'altesa sereníssima arribà a ocupar el tron de Bulgària després del cop d'estat pro-rus en contra del príncep Alexandre de Battenberg. (ca) Ferdinand I. (* 26. Februar 1861 als Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha in Wien; † 10. September 1948 in Coburg) aus der Dynastie Sachsen-Coburg-Koháry der Wettiner war ab 1887 Knjaz (Fürst) und von 1908 bis 1918 Zar von Bulgarien. (de) Ο Φερδινάνδος Α΄ της Βουλγαρίας (Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мария Сакскобургготски, 26 Φεβρουαρίου 1861 - 10 Σεπτεμβρίου 1948) ήταν πρίγκιπας της Σαξονίας-Κόμπουργκ, πρίγκιπας της Βουλγαρίας από το 1887 έως το 1908 και βασιλιάς και τσάρος της Βουλγαρίας από το 1908 έως το 1918. (el) Ferdinand (Bulgarian: Фердинанд I; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948), born Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мария Сакс-Кобург и Гота), was the second monarch of the Third Bulgarian State, firstly as ruling prince (knyaz) from 1887 to 1908, and later as king (tsar) from 1908 until his abdication in 1918. Under his rule Bulgaria entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in 1915. (en) Fernando I.a (bulgarieraz: Фердинанд I Български; Viena, Austria-Hungaria, 1861eko otsailaren 26a - Coburg, Alemania, 1948ko irailaren 10a), Saxonia-Koburgo-Gothako printzea, Bulgariako erregea izan zen 1887-1918 bitartean. (eu) Fernando I de Bulgaria (en búlgaro: Ferdinand I - Фердинанд I; Viena, 26 de febrero de 1861-Coburgo,10 de septiembre de 1948), fue príncipe y más tarde zar de Bulgaria. Durante su largo reinado, Bulgaria proclamó la independencia del Imperio otomano y participó en diversas guerras para ampliar su territorio. Se vio forzado a abdicar tras la derrota del país en la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1918 y vivió desde entonces en el exilio hasta su muerte en 1948. (es) Ferdinand I (Bulgaria : Фердинанд I ; 26 Februari 1861 - 10 September 1948), nama lahir Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria dari Saxe-Coburg dan Gotha , adalah penguasa pertama dari Kerajaan Bulgaria Ketiga, gelar awalnya sebagai pangeran (knyaz) yang berkuasa dari tahun 1887 hingga 1908, dan kemudian sebagai raja (tsar) dari tahun 1908 hingga turun tahta pada tahun 1918. Di bawah pemerintahannya Bulgaria memasuki Perang Dunia Pertama di sisi Kekuatan Sentral pada tahun 1915. (in) Ferdinand Ier (en bulgare : Фердинанд I) est né le 26 février 1861 à Vienne en Autriche et mort le 10 septembre 1948 à Cobourg en Allemagne. Prince de la maison de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, il est élu prince de Bulgarie en 1887 puis prend le titre de tsar des Bulgares en 1908. Il abdique et laisse le trône de Bulgarie à son fils aîné Boris en 1918. (fr) フェルディナント(ブルガリア語: Фердинанд I, ラテン文字転写: Ferdinand I、1861年2月26日 - 1948年9月10日)は、ブルガリア公(クニャズ、在位:1887年7月7日 - 1908年10月5日)、後にブルガリア国王(ツァール、在位:1908年10月5日 - 1918年10月3日)。 (ja) 페르디난드 1세(불가리아어: Фердинанд I, 1861년 2월 26일 ~ 1948년 9월 10일)는 불가리아의 제 1대 차르이다. 본명은 Prince Ferdinand Maximilan Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha이다. 오스트리아의 수도인 빈에서 태어났으며, 작센코부르크고타 가의 분가인 코하리 가 출신이다. 1886년에 불가리아의 군주로 취임, 32년간 재위했다. 제1차 세계 대전 때 불가리아는 동맹국으로 참전하였으나, 가장 먼저 연합국에 항복하였다. 그래서 패전의 책임을 지고 왕위를 장남인 보리스 3세에게 넘겨주었다. 나중에 자신은 독일 코부르크로 망명해, 그 곳에서 죽었다. 로베르토 1세 디 부르봉파르마와 의 장녀 와 결혼했다. * 보리스 3세(1894 ~ 1943) * (1895 ~ 1945) * (1898 ~ 1985) * (1899 ~ 1958) (ko) Ferdinando I di Bulgaria (in bulgaro: Фердинанд I Сакскобургготски?, traslitterato in Ferdinand I Sakskoburggotski; Vienna, 26 febbraio 1861 – Coburgo, 10 settembre 1948) è stato il principe reggente dal 1887 al 1908, e zar di Bulgaria dal 1908 al 1918, nonché un noto appassionato di botanica e filatelia. (it) Fernando I (Viena, 26 de fevereiro de 1861 – Coburgo, 10 de setembro de 1948) foi o Príncipe da Bulgária de sua eleição em 1887 até 1908 quando o país foi elevado a reino, continuando a reinar como Czar da Bulgária até sua abdicação em 1918. Sob seu governo, a Bulgária entrou na Primeira Guerra Mundial ao lado dos Impérios Centrais em 1915. Era filho do príncipe Augusto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gota e sua esposa a princesa Clementina de Orléans. (pt) Ferdynand, niem. Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha-Koháry, bułg. Фердинанд I Сакскобургготски, pol. Ferdynand Maksymilian Karol Leopold Maria Koburg-Koháry (ur. 26 lutego 1861 w Wiedniu, zm. 10 września 1948 w Coburgu) – książę w 1887–1908, następnie car Bułgarów w 1908–1918; wywodził się z dynastii koburskiej, zakładając własną gałąź . (pl) Фердинанд I (до 1887 года принц Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леопольд Мария Саксен-Кобург-Готский; 26 февраля 1861 — 10 сентября 1948) — князь Болгарии с 7 июля 1887 года, затем царь Болгарии (основатель Третьего Болгарского царства) с 22 сентября 1908 года по 3 октября 1918 года, из Саксен-Кобург-Готской династии. По матери внук короля французов Луи-Филиппа I, по отцу внук Фердинанда Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдского. Известен также как ботаник, энтомолог и филателист. (ru) Ferdinand I, tsar av Bulgarien, född 26 februari 1861, död 10 september 1948, född prins Ferdinand Maximilan Karl Leopold Maria av Sachsen-Coburg och Gotha, var regent av Bulgarien samt författare, botanist och filatelist. (sv) 斐迪南一世(保加利亞語:Фердинанд I,1861年2月26日-1948年9月10日),全名斐迪南·马克西米利安·卡尔·利奥波德·马利亞·萨克森-科堡-哥达斯基(保加利亞語:Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мари Сакскобургготски),保加利亞王國首任沙皇。 (zh) Фердинанд І Кобург (нім. Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha; болг. Фердинанд I (Ferdynand Maksymilian Karol Leopold Maria Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha; 26 лютого 1861, Відень, Австро-Угорщина — 8 вересня 1948, Кобург, Окупована союзниками Німеччина) — князь і цар Болгарії (1887—1918) німецького походження. Офіцер королівської угорської армії. Відомий також як ботанік, ентомолог і філателіст. (uk) الملك فرديناند الأول (26 فبراير 1861 - 10 سبتمبر 1948)، ملك وقيصر بلغاريا (1908 - 1918) . ولد باسم الأمير فرديناند ماكسيملان كارل ليوبولد ماريا ساكس كوبيرغ وغوثا. بالإضافة إلى كونه ملك بلغاريا، كان كاتبًا وعالم نبات، وجامع طوابع. توفي في ألمانيا ودفن هناك في كنيسة القديس أوغسطين الكاثوليكية. أعلن استقلال بلغاريا التام عن الدولة العثمانية عام 1908. لعب دور بارز في إنشاء العصبة البلقانية عام 1912. في عهده خاضت بلغاريا غمار الحربين البلقانيتين الأولى والثانية، ودخلت الحرب العالمية الأولى إلى جانب ألمانيا وحلفائها. تخلى عن العرش لابنه القيصر بوريس الثالث عام 1918. (ar) Ferdinand Maximiliaan Karel Leopold Marie van Saksen-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (Bulgaars: Фердинанд Максимилиан Карл Леополд Мария Сакскобургготски) (Wenen, 26 februari 1861 — Coburg, 10 september 1948), prins van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha, hertog van Saksen, was vanaf 1887 vorst en van 1908 tot 1918 tsaar (koning) van Bulgarije. Hij was de zoon van August van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha en Clementine van Orléans, een dochter van Lodewijk Filips. Naast monarch was hij ook schrijver, botanicus en postzegelverzamelaar. (nl)
rdfs:label فرديناند الأول ملك بلغاريا (ar) Ferran de Bulgària (ca) Ferdinand I. Bulharský (cs) Ferdinand I. (Bulgarien) (de) Φερδινάνδος Α΄ της Βουλγαρίας (el) Fernando I de Bulgaria (es) Fernando I.a Bulgariakoa (eu) Ferdinand I dari Bulgaria (in) Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (en) Ferdinand Ier (roi des Bulgares) (fr) Ferdinando I di Bulgaria (it) 페르디난드 1세 (불가리아) (ko) フェルディナント (ブルガリア王) (ja) Ferdinand I van Bulgarije (nl) Ferdynand I Koburg (pl) Fernando I da Bulgária (pt) Фердинанд I (царь Болгарии) (ru) Ferdinand av Bulgarien (sv) 斐迪南一世 (保加利亞) (zh) Фердинанд I Кобург (uk)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Bulgarian_royal_family
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