Sierra Leone Creole people (original) (raw)
Krio je etnikum žijící v Sierra Leone převážně s jamajskými kořeny. Tvoří jej potomci osvobozených otroků z USA primárně dopravených z Jamajky a dalších částí Karibiku, dále potomci skupiny zvané "", kteří bojovali za Spojené království v Americké válce o nezávislost, jež byli po porážce přesídleni do kanadského státu Nové Skotsko. Třetí část etnika tvoří potomci osvobozených otroků z lokálních afrických kolonií.
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| dbo:abstract | Krio je etnikum žijící v Sierra Leone převážně s jamajskými kořeny. Tvoří jej potomci osvobozených otroků z USA primárně dopravených z Jamajky a dalších částí Karibiku, dále potomci skupiny zvané "", kteří bojovali za Spojené království v Americké válce o nezávislost, jež byli po porážce přesídleni do kanadského státu Nové Skotsko. Třetí část etnika tvoří potomci osvobozených otroků z lokálních afrických kolonií. (cs) Die Krio, selten auch Sierra-Leone-Kreolen (englisch Sierra Leone Creole people), sind eine Volksgruppe im westafrikanischen Sierra Leone. Sie stellen (Stand 2015) mit knapp 95.000 Menschen zwar nur 1,2 Prozent der Gesamtbevölkerung, ihre Sprache hingegen, das Krio, ist Muttersprache von 1,265 Millionen Menschen und Hauptverkehrssprache Sierra Leones. Sie sind zum größten Teil christlichen Glaubens. (de) Les Krio – c'est-à- dire « créoles » – sont une population d'Afrique de l'Ouest vivant en Sierra Leone, principalement dans la région de Freetown. Ils sont pour la plupart descendants d'anciens esclaves, arrivés par vagues successives à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe siècle – ce qui explique leurs origines ethniques variées. (fr) Suku Krio atau suku Kreol Sierra Leone adalah kelompok etnis di Sierra Leone. Mereka adalah keturunan budak Afrika Amerika, Hindia Barat dan Afrika yang dibebaskan dan menetap di wilayah barat Sierra Leone antara tahun 1787 hingga 1885. Koloni Sierra Leone didirikan untuk mereka oleh Britania Raya dan didukung oleh aktivis penghapusan perbudakan di bawah Perusahaan Sierra Leone. Para pemukim ini menjuluki permukiman baru mereka Freetown. Saat ini, suku Krio mencakup sekitar 4% populasi Sierra Leone. Seperti orang-orang Ameriko-Liberia di Liberia, Krio memiliki darah Eropa karena beberapa pemukim Krio merupakan keturunan orang Eropa di Amerika dan orang Eropa lainnya. Beberapa orang Krio juga memiliki darah penduduk asli Jamaika dari orang-orang . Seperti orang-orang Ameriko-Liberia, budaya Krio sangat terpengaruh oleh budaya Barat. Krio berhubungan erat dengan pemerintah kolonial Britania: mereka dididik di institusi-institusi Britania dan memegang jabatan penting selama masa penjajahan. Sebagian besar orang-orang Kreol menetap di Freetown dan wilayah barat Sierra Leone. Satu-satunya kelompok etnis di Sierra Leone yang memiliki budaya yang serupa dengan orang-orang Krio (sehubungan dengan integrasi dengan budaya Barat) adalah . Suku Krio mengembangkan Bahasa mereka sendiri, yaitu bahasa Krio yang merupakan campuran bahasa Inggris, bahasa asli di Afrika Barat dan bahasa-bahasa Eropa lainnya. Saat ini, bahasa Krio telah menjadi bahasa perdagangan dan komunikasi antar kelompok suku dan juga merupakan bahasa yang paling banyak dituturkan di Sierra Leone. Kebanyakan orang-orang Kreol beragama Kristen, tetapi beberapa ahli menganggap di Sierra Leone sebagai kaum ‘Kreol’. Oku atau Krio Frobe adalah keturunan budak Afrika Muslim yang telah dibebaskan (sebagian besar adalah orang-orang Yoruba dari Nigeria barat daya) dan menetap di Freetown pada pertengahan abad ke-19. Karena Kreol adalah campuran berbagai kelompok etnis dan sebagian besar orang Oku merupakan keturunan Yoruba, beberapa ahli tidak menganggap Oku sebagai kaum Kreol. Sebagian besar orang-orang Kreol memiliki nama Eropa. Sebagian besar orang-orang Oku memiliki nama Islam, tetapi beberapa juga menggunakan nama Inggris. (in) The Sierra Leone Creole people (Krio: Krio people) are an ethnic group of Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone Creole people are descendants of freed African-American, Afro-Caribbean, and Liberated African slaves who settled in the Western Area of Sierra Leone between 1787 and about 1885. The colony was established by the British, supported by abolitionists, under the Sierra Leone Company as a place for freedmen. The settlers called their new settlement Freetown. Today, the Sierra Leone Creoles are 1.2 percent of the population of Sierra Leone. Like their Americo-Liberian neighbours and sister ethnic group in Liberia, the Creoles of Sierra Leone have varying degrees of European ancestry. In Sierra Leone, some of the settlers intermarried with English colonial residents and other Europeans. Through the Jamaican Maroons, some Creoles probably also have indigenous Amerindian Taíno ancestry. The mingling of newly freed black and racially-mixed Nova Scotians and Jamaican Maroons from the 'New World' and Liberated Africans – such as the Akan, Igbo, and Yoruba – over several generations in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, led to the eventual formation of a Creole ethnicity. The Americo-Liberians and Sierra Leone Creoles are the only recognised ethnic group of African-American, Liberated African, and Afro-Caribbean descent in West Africa. Thoroughly westernized in their manners and bourgeois in their methods, the Creoles as a class developed close relationships with the British colonial administration; they became educated in British institutions and advanced to prominent leadership positions in colonial Sierra Leone and British West Africa. Partly due to this history, many Sierra Leone Creoles have first names and/or surnames that are anglicized or British in origin. The vast majority of Creoles reside in Freetown and its surrounding Western Area region of Sierra Leone. They are also Christian. From their mix of peoples, the Creoles developed what is now the native Krio language, a creole deriving from English, indigenous West African languages, and other European languages. It is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. As the Krio language is spoken by 96 percent of the country's population, it unites all the different ethnic groups, especially in their trade and interaction with each other. Krio is also the primary language of communication among Sierra Leoneans living abroad. The Sierra Leone Creoles settled across West Africa in the nineteenth century in communities such as Limbe (Cameroon); Conakry (Guinea); Banjul (Gambia); Lagos, Abeokuta, Calabar, Onisha (Nigeria); Accra, Cape Coast (Ghana) and Fernando Pó (Equatorial Guinea). The Krio language of the Creole people influenced other pidgins such as Cameroonian Pidgin English, Nigerian Pidgin English, and Pichinglis. As a result of their history, the Gambian Creole people, or Aku people of the Gambia, the Saro people of Nigeria, and the Krio Fernandinos of Equatorial Guinea, are sub-ethnic groups or partly descended from the Sierra Leone Creole people or their ancestors. (en) クリオ（Krio）とは西アフリカのシエラレオネ共和国に住むクレオール人及びそのクレオール語の呼名である。 主に奴隷制度から解放された、解放奴隷の黒人の子孫で、さらにシエラレオネの先住部族や白人の混血も見られる。4万人から8万人のクリオ人がシエラレオネは首都フリータウンがあるフリータウン半島に住む。クリオ人はシエラレオネでは少数派だが西洋文化を身に付け、高い教育も受け、1961年に独立するまではシエラレオネの政治を支配してきたためエリートだった。地元民は1951年に政権を獲得した。 クリオは主に1787年から1808年の間にイギリスのグランビル・シャープを始めとする奴隷廃止主義者により、助けられて自由になった奴隷の黒人達の移住地としてシエラレオネにやって来た。最初の入植地として「自由の国」の意味するフリータウンを建設した事に始まる。最初はイギリスからやって来た解放奴隷やギニア湾沖でイギリス海軍により助けられた奴隷船のアフリカ人の奴隷で、後に北アメリカ（主にカナダなど）やジャマイカを始めとした、西インド諸島からシエラレオネにやって来る。クリオ人はそれらの解放奴隷の子孫である。また現在、フリータウンにて（Krio Descendants Union）と言う団体が存在する。この団体はかつてアフリカから奴隷として連れて来られたアメリカやジャマイカなどカリブ地域の黒人達の子孫との結び付きを強め、彼らとの繋がりを意識しようとする事を目的に活動している。 (ja) De Krio (ook wel Creoles) vormen een bevolkingsgroep in Sierra Leone. De term Krio is een verbastering van het woord Creole, Engels voor Creool en is tevens de benaming voor hun moedertaal; Krio. De meningen verschillen over het percentage dat de Krio tellen op de totale bevolking van Sierra Leone, maar in ieder geval minimaal 2% (ruim 120.000) tot 10% (ruim 600.000). Hun invloed op de samenleving is groter dan hun aantal in percentage van de totale bevolking. De Krio bewonen vooral de Western Area, het schiereiland waarop de hoofdstad Freetown ligt. (nl) Os crioulos da Serra Leoa ou povo Krio constituem um grupo étnico formado por descendentes de escravos libertos provenientes das Índias Ocidentais, da América do Norte e da Grã-Bretanha, estabelecidos na Área do Oeste da Serra Leoa entre 1787 e cerca de 1885. Nesse período, uma colônia, denominada Freetown, foi criada pelo Reino da Grã-Bretanha, com apoio de abolicionistas e sob a administração da Sierra Leone Company, com a finalidade de promover o reassentamento dos libertos. Os Krio representam cerca de 2% da população da Serra Leoa, totalizando menos de 120 000 pessoas, segundo estimativas para 2015.Vivem principalmente no oeste da Serra Leoa, sobretudo na capital do país, Freetown. A sua língua, o krio, funciona como lingua franca, sendo falada por cerca de 95% da população do país, apesar de o povo Krio ser minoritário. (pt) Криолы, креолы, самоназвание — крио (крио Krio people); народ, проживающий в Сьерра-Леоне. Наиболее данный народ распространен во Фритауне и близлежащих посёлках, а также на острове Бонте и (Банана). Численность народа составляет примерно 55 тыс. человек. Язык — крио, сформирован на базе креольского языка. Письменность на основе латинской. Религия криолов — протестантская (адвентисты седьмого дня, методисты, англикане), также есть приверженцы афрохристианских церквей и католики. Криолы — приверженцы мусульманской религии — образуют субэтническую группу крио-аку. Криолы ведут западный образ жизни, отличаются высоким уровнем образования (Попов 1999: 375). (ru) 塞拉利昂克里奥爾人，是西非國家塞拉利昂的一個族裔群體。克里奧爾人是1787年至1885年之間定居在塞拉利昂西部地區的非裔美國人，西印度人和被解放的非洲奴隸的後代。殖民地由支持廢除死刑的塞拉利昂公司英國人成立，自由人稱他們新的定居者是為弗里敦(自由城)。今天，克里奧爾人佔塞拉利昂人口的5％。 像美洲裔利比里亞人一樣，塞拉利昂克里奧爾人有不同程度的歐洲血統，因為一些定居者是來自歐裔美國人和其他歐洲人的後裔，也有一些人有印第安人血統。除美洲裔利比里亞人外，塞拉利昂克里奥爾人是是西非唯一得到承認的非洲裔美國人，和美洲裔利比里亞人一樣，他們的文化是歐美文化。他們與英國的殖民力量建立了密切的關係;在英國機構受過教育，並在英國殖民主義下的塞拉利昂擔任領導職務。 塞拉利昂克里奧爾人絕大多數居住在弗里敦及其西部周邊地區。唯一一個文化類似的塞拉利昂的土著族群是舍布羅人，克里奧爾人也發展出他們現在的母語克里奧語（英語，土著西非語言和其他歐洲語言的混合物）。它被廣泛用於民族間的貿易和交流，是塞拉利昂最廣泛使用的語言。 塞拉利昂克里奧爾人主要是基督徒，是被釋放的非裔美國人和西印度奴隸的後代。由於他們的歷史，絕大多數克里奧爾人有歐洲名字和姓氏。 許多人都有英國名字和英國姓氏。 除了塞拉利昂，他們也分布於尼日利亞、岡比亞、赤道幾內亞、幾內亞、喀麥隆、加納。 (zh) |
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| dbp:border | 2 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:caption | dbr:Samuel_Coleridge-Taylor |
| dbp:group | (en) Creole people of Sierra Leone (en) |
| dbp:langs | dbr:Krio_language dbr:Sierra_Leone_English |
| dbp:popplace | dbr:United_Kingdom dbr:United_States dbr:Gambia dbr:Sierra_Leone |
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| dbp:quote | “A Creole society, in my understanding, is based wholly or partly on the mass displacement of people who were, often involuntarily, uprooted from their original home, shedding the main features of their social and political organisations on the way, brought into sustained contact with people from other linguistic and cultural areas and obliged to develop, in creative and improvisational ways, new social and cultural forms in the new land, drawing simultaneously on traditions from their respective places of origin and on impulses resulting from the encounter.” (en) “Once the spider was fat. He loved eating, but detested work and had not planted or fished all season. One day the villagers were preparing a feast. From his forest web, he could smell the mouth-watering cooking. He knew that if he visited friends, they would feed him as was the custom. So he called his two sons and told both of them to tie a rope around his waist and set off in opposite directions for the two closest villages, each holding one end of the rope. They were to pull on the rope when the food was ready. But both villages began eating at the same time, and when the sons began pulling the rope, it grew tighter and tighter, squeezing the greedy spider. When the feasting was over and the sons came to look for him, they found a big head, a big body, and a very thin waist!” (en) |
| dbp:related | African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, Americo-Liberians, Atlantic Creoles, Black Britons, Black Nova Scotians, Gambian Creoles, Gold Coast Euro-Africans, Jamaican Maroons, Krio Fernandinos, Saro people, Tabom people. (en) |
| dbp:rels | 15 (xsd:integer) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Ethnic_groups_in_Sierra_Leone dbc:African_people_of_American_descent dbc:Sierra_Leonean_Christians dbc:Sierra_Leonean_people_of_European_descent dbc:Sierra_Leone_Creole_people dbc:African_people_of_Caribbean_descent dbc:People_of_Jamaican_Maroon_descent dbc:Sierra_Leonean_people_of_British_descent dbc:Creole_peoples dbc:Repatriated_slaves_of_African_American_descent dbc:People_of_Black_Nova_Scotian_descent dbc:African-American_diaspora_in_Africa dbc:People_of_Liberated_African_descent dbc:Peoples_of_the_African-American_diaspora dbc:Repatriated_Africans dbc:Sierra_Leonean_people_of_African-American_descent |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Group |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing wikidata:Q41710 yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:EthnicGroup107967382 yago:Group100031264 yago:People107942152 dbo:Band dbo:EthnicGroup yago:WikicatEthnicGroupsInAfrica yago:WikicatEthnicGroupsInSierraLeone yago:WikicatPeoplesOfTheAfrican-AmericanDiaspora |
| rdfs:comment | Krio je etnikum žijící v Sierra Leone převážně s jamajskými kořeny. Tvoří jej potomci osvobozených otroků z USA primárně dopravených z Jamajky a dalších částí Karibiku, dále potomci skupiny zvané "", kteří bojovali za Spojené království v Americké válce o nezávislost, jež byli po porážce přesídleni do kanadského státu Nové Skotsko. Třetí část etnika tvoří potomci osvobozených otroků z lokálních afrických kolonií. (cs) Die Krio, selten auch Sierra-Leone-Kreolen (englisch Sierra Leone Creole people), sind eine Volksgruppe im westafrikanischen Sierra Leone. Sie stellen (Stand 2015) mit knapp 95.000 Menschen zwar nur 1,2 Prozent der Gesamtbevölkerung, ihre Sprache hingegen, das Krio, ist Muttersprache von 1,265 Millionen Menschen und Hauptverkehrssprache Sierra Leones. Sie sind zum größten Teil christlichen Glaubens. (de) Les Krio – c'est-à- dire « créoles » – sont une population d'Afrique de l'Ouest vivant en Sierra Leone, principalement dans la région de Freetown. Ils sont pour la plupart descendants d'anciens esclaves, arrivés par vagues successives à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe siècle – ce qui explique leurs origines ethniques variées. (fr) De Krio (ook wel Creoles) vormen een bevolkingsgroep in Sierra Leone. De term Krio is een verbastering van het woord Creole, Engels voor Creool en is tevens de benaming voor hun moedertaal; Krio. De meningen verschillen over het percentage dat de Krio tellen op de totale bevolking van Sierra Leone, maar in ieder geval minimaal 2% (ruim 120.000) tot 10% (ruim 600.000). Hun invloed op de samenleving is groter dan hun aantal in percentage van de totale bevolking. De Krio bewonen vooral de Western Area, het schiereiland waarop de hoofdstad Freetown ligt. (nl) 塞拉利昂克里奥爾人，是西非國家塞拉利昂的一個族裔群體。克里奧爾人是1787年至1885年之間定居在塞拉利昂西部地區的非裔美國人，西印度人和被解放的非洲奴隸的後代。殖民地由支持廢除死刑的塞拉利昂公司英國人成立，自由人稱他們新的定居者是為弗里敦(自由城)。今天，克里奧爾人佔塞拉利昂人口的5％。 像美洲裔利比里亞人一樣，塞拉利昂克里奧爾人有不同程度的歐洲血統，因為一些定居者是來自歐裔美國人和其他歐洲人的後裔，也有一些人有印第安人血統。除美洲裔利比里亞人外，塞拉利昂克里奥爾人是是西非唯一得到承認的非洲裔美國人，和美洲裔利比里亞人一樣，他們的文化是歐美文化。他們與英國的殖民力量建立了密切的關係;在英國機構受過教育，並在英國殖民主義下的塞拉利昂擔任領導職務。 塞拉利昂克里奧爾人絕大多數居住在弗里敦及其西部周邊地區。唯一一個文化類似的塞拉利昂的土著族群是舍布羅人，克里奧爾人也發展出他們現在的母語克里奧語（英語，土著西非語言和其他歐洲語言的混合物）。它被廣泛用於民族間的貿易和交流，是塞拉利昂最廣泛使用的語言。 塞拉利昂克里奧爾人主要是基督徒，是被釋放的非裔美國人和西印度奴隸的後代。由於他們的歷史，絕大多數克里奧爾人有歐洲名字和姓氏。 許多人都有英國名字和英國姓氏。 除了塞拉利昂，他們也分布於尼日利亞、岡比亞、赤道幾內亞、幾內亞、喀麥隆、加納。 (zh) Suku Krio atau suku Kreol Sierra Leone adalah kelompok etnis di Sierra Leone. Mereka adalah keturunan budak Afrika Amerika, Hindia Barat dan Afrika yang dibebaskan dan menetap di wilayah barat Sierra Leone antara tahun 1787 hingga 1885. Koloni Sierra Leone didirikan untuk mereka oleh Britania Raya dan didukung oleh aktivis penghapusan perbudakan di bawah Perusahaan Sierra Leone. Para pemukim ini menjuluki permukiman baru mereka Freetown. Saat ini, suku Krio mencakup sekitar 4% populasi Sierra Leone. (in) The Sierra Leone Creole people (Krio: Krio people) are an ethnic group of Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone Creole people are descendants of freed African-American, Afro-Caribbean, and Liberated African slaves who settled in the Western Area of Sierra Leone between 1787 and about 1885. The colony was established by the British, supported by abolitionists, under the Sierra Leone Company as a place for freedmen. The settlers called their new settlement Freetown. Today, the Sierra Leone Creoles are 1.2 percent of the population of Sierra Leone. (en) クリオ（Krio）とは西アフリカのシエラレオネ共和国に住むクレオール人及びそのクレオール語の呼名である。 主に奴隷制度から解放された、解放奴隷の黒人の子孫で、さらにシエラレオネの先住部族や白人の混血も見られる。4万人から8万人のクリオ人がシエラレオネは首都フリータウンがあるフリータウン半島に住む。クリオ人はシエラレオネでは少数派だが西洋文化を身に付け、高い教育も受け、1961年に独立するまではシエラレオネの政治を支配してきたためエリートだった。地元民は1951年に政権を獲得した。 (ja) Os crioulos da Serra Leoa ou povo Krio constituem um grupo étnico formado por descendentes de escravos libertos provenientes das Índias Ocidentais, da América do Norte e da Grã-Bretanha, estabelecidos na Área do Oeste da Serra Leoa entre 1787 e cerca de 1885. Nesse período, uma colônia, denominada Freetown, foi criada pelo Reino da Grã-Bretanha, com apoio de abolicionistas e sob a administração da Sierra Leone Company, com a finalidade de promover o reassentamento dos libertos. (pt) Криолы, креолы, самоназвание — крио (крио Krio people); народ, проживающий в Сьерра-Леоне. Наиболее данный народ распространен во Фритауне и близлежащих посёлках, а также на острове Бонте и (Банана). Численность народа составляет примерно 55 тыс. человек. Язык — крио, сформирован на базе креольского языка. Письменность на основе латинской. Религия криолов — протестантская (адвентисты седьмого дня, методисты, англикане), также есть приверженцы афрохристианских церквей и католики. Криолы — приверженцы мусульманской религии — образуют субэтническую группу крио-аку. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Sierra Leone Creole people (en) Krio (cs) Krio (Volk) (de) Suku Krio Sierra Leone (in) Krio (peuple) (fr) クリオ (シエラレオネ) (ja) Krio (volk) (nl) Crioulos da Serra Leoa (pt) Креолы Сьерра-Леоне (ru) 塞拉利昂克里奥尔人 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | Creole people of Sierra Leone (en) (Krio) (en) |
| is dbo:ethnicGroup of | dbr:Sierra_Leone |
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